Female Reproductive System

Question 1

what are the 5 main parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 1

uterine tubes
ovary
uterus
vulva
vagina

Question 2

describe the function of the ovaries

Answer 2

produce gametes and hormones

Question 3

describe the function of the uterine tubes

Answer 3

transports fertilised ova to uterus; site of fertilisation

Question 4

describe the function of the uterus

Answer 4

thick muscular chamber that opens to the vagina; site of implantation

Question 5

describe the function of the vagina

Answer 5

extends from cervix to exterior of the body

Question 6

what are the three parts of the vulva

Answer 6

mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris

Question 7

what is the function of the mons pubis

Answer 7

mound of adipose tissue above pubic symphysis; protection/cushioning

Question 8

what is the function of the labia majora

Answer 8

outer folds which protect underlying organs

Question 9

what is the function of the labia minora

Answer 9

inner folds which protect vaginal urethral openings

Question 10

what is the function of the clitoris

Answer 10

erectile tissue which plays a role in sexual excitement

Question 11

what are the 6 types of cells/follicles/gametes in the ovaries

Answer 11

follicular cells - single layer of surrounding cells

granuloma cells - several layers of surrounding cells

mature follicle - large fluid filled follicles

secondary oocyte - ovulated oocyte that binds with sperm

corpus luteum - secretes hormones; temporary endocrine structure

corpus albicans - disintegrated; no real function

Question 12

what are the 3 layers of the ovaries

Answer 12

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

Question 13

what are the 2 layers within the endometrium and their function

Answer 13

stratum functionals - inner most layer lining the uterus; this shreds during menstruation

stratum basalis - produces next layer of stratum functionals once it has been shed

Question 14

wha are the three section of the uterus

Answer 14

fundus
body
cervix

Question 15

what are the three layers of the vagina and their function

Answer 15

endometrium - continuous with uterus; contains rugae

muscularis - stretches during intercourse and childbirth

adventitia - anchors vagina to adjacent organs

Question 16

what does the fimbriae do

Answer 16

sweeps the secondary oocyte into the uterine tubes

Question 17

what are the three layers of the uterine tubes

Answer 17

mucosa
muscularis
serousa

Question 18

describe the process of oogenesis

Answer 18

1. germ cells differentiate into oogonia
2. develop into primary oocytes; meiosis 1
3. remains like this until hits puberty
4. primary follicle develops into secondary follicle
5. secondary follicle develops into mature follicle OR meiosis 1 is completed and 1st polar body and secondary oocyte formed
6. meiosis 2 begins and then stops, ovulation occurs
7. if fertilised, meiosis 2 resumes an d2nd polar body and ovum formed

Question 19

what are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 19

follicular phase 1-14 days
ovulation 14 days
luteal phase 14-28 days

Question 20

what are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle

Answer 20

menstruation 1-5 days
Proliferative 5-14 days
Secretory phase 14-28

Question 21

what happens in the follicular phase

Answer 21

follicle stimulating hormone stimulates growth of follicles.
mature follicle releases oestrogen.

Question 22

what happens in the ovulation phase

Answer 22

luteinising hormone triggers ovulation.
mature follicle releases secondary oocyte.

Question 23

what happens in the luteal phase

Answer 23

corpus lute secretes progesterone.
progesterone maintains in endometrium.

Question 24

what happens in the menstruation phase

Answer 24

reduced progesterone.
stratum functionalis shed - bleeding.

Question 25

what happens in the proliferative phase

Answer 25

increased oestrogen. building of stratum functionalis.

Question 26

what happens in the secretory phase

Answer 26

increased progesterone from corpus luteum. thickens and maintains endometrium.

Question 27

describe the function of the follicle stimulating hormone (1)

Answer 27

FSH stimulates one follicle to keep growing and triggers it to secrete oestrogen for maturation

Question 28

describe the function of the luteinising hormone (2)

Answer 28

allows for the oocyte in the follicle to start dividing again and complete meiosis 1 and move onto metaphase 2; takes 14 days triggers ovulation, releasing secondary oocyte into uterine tubules

Question 29

describe what happens in ovulation (3)

Answer 29

the follicle pushes against the ovary wall, ruptures and breaches the wall to release a mature oocyte

Question 30

what happens to the follicle once ovulation occurs and a mature oocyte has been released (4)

Answer 30

the follicle turns into corpus luteum; releasing progesterone, oestrogen and inhibin and relaxin

Question 31

what happens after ovulation (5)

Answer 31

the egg goes into the uterus and buries itself in the walls

Question 32

what happens if the egg isn't fertilised in the uterus

Answer 32

the innermost walls shed off (triggered by oestrogen and progesterone), releasing that egg

Question 33

what is fertilisation

Answer 33

when genetic material of sperm and oocyte unite

Question 34

what are the four steps of fertilisation

Answer 34

capacitation acrosomal reaction cortical reaction implantation

Question 35

what is capacitation

Answer 35

removal of cholesterol and thinning of sperm membrane to increase sperms motility

Question 36

what is acrosomal reaction

Answer 36

sperm burrows into granuloma cells and releases digestive enzymes filled acrosomes to make contact with the receptors of the oocyte

Question 37

what is cortical reaction

Answer 37

when sperm binds to receptor on oocyte, a wall is created between the fused cells and the rest of the sperm fast block: depolarisation of oocyte plasma membrane slow block: vesicles in oocyte release proteins to destroy sperm receptors and creates a fertilisation membrane this prevents polysperming

Question 38

what is implantation

Answer 38

blastocyst (fertilised egg) attaches to the endometrium of uterus; secretes enzymes and berries into granuloma cells