Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Ovaries

Answer 1

Egg production, maturation, estrogen and progesterone production

Question 2

Fimbria

Answer 2

Transports egg from ovary to oviduct (Fallopian tubes)

Wrapped near but doesn’t touch ovary

Question 3

Oviduct

Answer 3

2 tubes extending from each ovary

1 oviduct received released egg from ovary and carried in from fimbria to uterus

Peristalsis + cilia move egg

Site of final maturation and fertilization

Question 4

Uterus and Endometrium

Answer 4

Site of fetal development

Endometrium- Inner lining where fertilized egg implants. Lining thickens each month to support egg; if not pregnant lining sheds

Question 5

Cervix

Answer 5

Opening from uterus into vagina contain cervical glands (mucus secreted helps sperm move and blocks bacteria)

Question 6

Vagina

Answer 6

Birth canal and passage for menstruation and penis entry

Lubricated by cervical gland (acidic)

Question 7

Follicles

Answer 7

In ovaries (egg production and oogenesis)

Monthly, follicle matures then ruptured and ovum is released=ovulation

Question 8

Follicle Development

Answer 8

Immature follicles- developing follicles- mature follicle (as follicle develops estrogen and some progesterone is released)

Ovum released through rupture and follicle becomes Corpus luteum which produced progesterone and some estrogen then degenerates into corpus abican

Question 9

Oogenesis

Answer 9

2n oogonium splits into 2 via mitosis

1 cell is recycled and other is primary oocyte (2n) which splits into secondary oocyte and 1 primary polar body via meiosis 1

Primary polar body splits into 2 secondary polar bodies

Secondary oocyte splits into an ovum and another polar body via meiosis 2

Question 10

Hormone Control

Answer 10

Hypothesis makes GnRH which’s stimulates pituitary to secrete FSH (follicles) and LH (ovulation and corpus luteum formation)

FSH- Stimulates follicles to produce estrogen and ovulation
LH- Does same thing but helps which corpus luteum formation

Question 11

Affect of Estrogen and Progesterone and impact of their concentrations

Answer 11

Estrogen- 2nd sex characteristics, thickens endometrium
P.sterone- Preps endometrium for egg, inhibts ovulation, firms cervix

Midcycle- High estrogen at midcycle stimulates LH secretion

After ovulation- High p.sterone and estrogen after ovulation inhibts FSH and LH

When P.sterone low Flow phase starts

Question 12

Stages of Mensturation

Answer 12

1. Flow Phase (1-5)- Low E and P, endometrium shed by uterine contractions, high FSH=follicle development

2.Follicular Phase (6-13)- Development of 1 primary follicle= estrogen secretion= LH secretion high, endometrium restored

3. Ovulatory Phase (14)- LH high= ovulation (2ndary oocyte bursts from ovary)
4. Luteal Phase (15-28)- Corpus Lutem secretes P and some E and endometrium thickens in preg prep
   •No pregnancy= E and P drop and flow phases starts again

Question 13

Menopause

Answer 13

Few follicles remain and ovulation stops

Low hormones disrupt homeostasis

Question 14

Preventing Pregnancy

Answer 14

Tubal ligation- F.tubes cut to stop fertilization

Birth control Pill- Contains P which inhibts FSH and LH preventing ovulation

Morning after pill- Large dose of P= thicken of endometrium so it can’t support pregnancy