Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Testes

Answer 1

Located in scrotum (sac below body)
Makes sperm (seminiferous tubules) and testosterone (interstitial cells)

Question 2

Epididymis

Answer 2

Tightly coiled duct outside each testes
Site of sperm storage and final maturation

Question 3

Vas Deferens

Answer 3

Tube that carries sperm from epididymis to urethra (curves around bladder and empties into ejaculatory duct)

Question 4

Urethra

Answer 4

Transports semen and urine
(Ejaculatory duct makes sure only one leaves at a time)

Question 5

Penis

Answer 5

Erectile tissue containing blood spaced
Arteries relax during arousal letting blood in and veins constrict causing an erection

Question 6

Seminal Vesicle

Answer 6

Secretes semen w fructose (energy) and prostaglandin (causes contractions in females smooth muscles helping sperm move)

Question 7

Prostrate Gland

Answer 7

Surround urethra below bladder
Prostatic secretion protected sperm from vaginal acidity

Question 8

Cowpers Gland

Answer 8

Adds mucus rich fluid into seminal fluid which clears urethra pre-ejaculation, protects against urethra’s acidity and help sperm mobility

Question 9

Sperm Cell Anatomy

Answer 9

Head-nucleus (outside of head has acrosome and enzymes which help penetrate the egg)
Middle- Mitochondria
Flagellum-Movement

Question 10

Fertilization

Answer 10

1. Sperm approach’s egg
2. Sperms acrosomal enzymes digest eggs corona radiata (exterior cells) and zona pellucida (jelly coat)
3. Proteins on sperms head bind to receptors
4. Plasma membrane of egg and sperm fuse
5. Sperms nucleus enters eggs cytoplasm and combines w its nucleus =zygote 2n

Question 11

Spermatogenesis

Answer 11

Occurs in seminiferous tubules. As spermatocytes mature they go from S.tubules to lumen of tubule

1. Spermatogonium (2n) undergoes mitosis= 2 spermatocytes (2n)
   •Type A spermatocyte is recycled
   •Type B undergoes further division
2. Spermatocyte divides by meiosis 1 into 2 haploid cells
3. Each haploid cell undergo meiosis 2= 4 spermatids total, 2 per each previous cell
4. Spermatids differentiate into unique sperm cells

Question 12

Sertoli Cells

Answer 12

Nourishment for maturing spermatids

Question 13

Ejaculation

Answer 13

Process by which semen leaves urethra and penis through rhythmic contraction of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, and prostate gland

Question 14

Semen Composition

Answer 14

Fructose prostaglandin mucus alkaline buffer and sperm cells

Question 15

Male Development (SRY, TDF, Androgen)

Answer 15

Y c.some has SRY (sex determining region Y)- Codes for DNA binding protein, TDF (Testes determining factor)

TDF- Triggers androgen production=allows development of male sex organs (primary sex characteristic)

Puberty- T.sterone secretion increase=sperm production increases in testes (primary) and development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 16

Hormone Control

Answer 16

1. Beginning of Puberty- Hypothalamus released gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRh)
2. GnRH stimulated pituitary gland to release FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone)

3.) FSH stimulates sperm production in seminiferous tubules and LH stimulates t.sterone production in interstitial cells

4. Inhibin released by seminiferous tubules to inhibit FSH and LH production *NEGATIVE feedback

Question 17

Andropause

Answer 17

Decline in T.sterone levels

Question 18

Medical Technologies (Erectile Dysfunction Medication and Vasectomies)

Answer 18

EDM- Inhibts enzyme that breaks down erecting causes hormones
Vasectomy- Cutting vas deferens to block sperm movement