Female reproductive system (25)

Question 1

The female gonad

Answer 1

Ovary

Question 2

Ovary

Answer 2

Paired, almond shaped organs (3cm long) located in a shallow ovarian fossa at the level of the pelvic brim

Question 3

Source of female sex hormones

Answer 3

Estrogen and Progesterone and site of oogenesis

Question 4

During oogenesis, primary oocytes develop into

Answer 4

an ovum

Approx. 600,000-800,000 oocytes present in each ovary at birth

Question 5

Blood Supply

Answer 5

Ovarian arteries arising from the abdominal aorta

R. Ovarian vein drains into IVC,
L. Ovarian vein drains into left renal vein

Question 6

During ovulation, a mature ovum is released from the ovary and puked up by

Answer 6

finger-like projections called fimbriae, which ‘grasp’ the ovary and help guide the ovum into the uterine tube

Question 7

Cervical canal communicates with

Answer 7

the vagina inferiorly (2.5cm long)

Question 8

Internal os

Answer 8

the superior opening of the cervical canal located at the level of the uterine isthmus

Question 9

External os

Answer 9

the inferior opening of the cervical canal into the vagina

Question 10

The uterine wall is composed of 3 basic layers

Answer 10

Perimetrium, Myometrium and Endometrium

Question 11

Perimetrium

Answer 11

the outer serial layer derived from peritoneum

Question 12

Myometrium

Answer 12

middle muscular layer, made up of smooth muscle that contracts during childbirth

Question 13

Endometrium

Answer 13

inner mucosal layer which is partially shed during menstruation

Question 14

Uterine Tubes aka

Answer 14

Fallopian tubes or Oviducts

Question 15

Hollow muscular tubes that receive the ovulated ovum

Answer 15

Uterine tubes

Question 16

Most frequent site of fertilization

Answer 16

Uterine Tubes

Question 17

Each Uterine Tube begins laterally near an ovary and ends medially, where it empties into

Answer 17

the superior part of the uterus

Question 18

Unlike the male reproductive ducts, which are directly continuous with the tubules of the testes

Answer 18

the uterine tubes have little/no direct contact with the ovaries

Question 19

A hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity, anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder

Answer 19

Uterus

Normally anteverted and anteflexed (the uterine body is flexed relative to the cervix and angled at about 90 degrees relative to vaginal canal)

Question 20

Function of Uterus

Answer 20

to receive, retain and nourish a fertilized egg throughout pregnancy

Question 21

Uterus enlarges to accommodate the

Answer 21

growing fetus and placenta (xiphoid process)

Question 22

The uterus is divided into 2 main parts:

Answer 22

The Body and the Cervix

Question 23

The body of the uterus

Answer 23

Superior 2/3 of the uterus

Question 24

Fundus

Answer 24

dome shaped portion, superior to uterine tubes

Question 25

Uterine horns

Answer 25

Superolateral regions where the uterine tubes enter

Question 26

Isthmus

Answer 26

relatively constricted region of the body, superior to the cervix

Question 27

the uterus is bound to the anterior body wall by

Answer 27

the paired round ligaments of the uterus

Question 28

Broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 28

assists in keeping the uterus relatively centered in the pelvic but also contains the ovaries, uterine tubes and the vasculature that serves them

Question 29

The uterus is supported by the muscles of the pelvic floor. if these muscles are torn during childbirth,

Answer 29

the unsupported uterus may sink inferiorly, resulting in a prolapsed uterus

Question 30

Cervix

Answer 30

the cylindrical, narrow inferior 1/3 part of the uterus

Question 31

If fertilization occurs ->

Answer 31

the embryo burrows in the endometrium and resides there for the rest of development

Question 32

Blood supply to the uterus is from the

Answer 32

uterine arteries - which arise from the internal iliac arteries of the pelvis

Question 33

The female organ of copulation and the inferior end of the birth canal

Answer 33

Vagina - musculomembranous tube 8-10cm in length

Question 34

The vagina extends from the

Answer 34

posterior fornix to the vestibule of the vagina, the cleft between the labia minora into which the vagina and urethra open

Question 35

The vestibule contains

Answer 35

the vaginal and external urethral orifices, as well as the openings for the two greater vestibular glands

Question 36

The superior end of the vagina surrounds the

Answer 36

cervix of the uterus

Question 37

The vagina is usually collapsed

Answer 37

its anterior and posterior walls are in contact

Question 38

Several functions of the vagina

Answer 38

1. serves as a canal for menstrual fluid 2. inferior part of the birth canal 3. receives the penis and ejaculate during sexual intercourse 4. communicates anteriorly and superiorly with the cervical canal

Question 39

Blood supply from vaginal arteries

Answer 39

usually branches from uterine a.

Question 40

Female external genitalia are collectively called the

Answer 40

Vulva

Question 41

Mons pubis

Answer 41

subcutaneous fat pad superficial to pubic symphysis

Question 42

Labia majora (singl. labium majus)

Answer 42

paired fatty skin folds lateral to the labia minora

Question 43

Labia minora (singl. labium minus)

Answer 43

Paired folds of skin and fat-free fascia medial to the labia majora they unite anteriorly to form prepuce of clitoris

Question 44

Clitoris

Answer 44

Consists of body and glans Fused corposa Cavernosa (erectile tissue) form the clitoris