Female Reproductive System Flashcards
(27 cards)
what are the 4 layers of ovaries?
germinal epithelium continuous with peritoneum), tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla
where are follicles found? what are they comprised of?
in the cortex. an oocyte and a supporting cells
at what stage do oocytes arrest during development?
primary oocytes (diploid)
degenerative process for oocytes that do not ovulate
atresia
zona pellucida
an important glycoprotein layer that first forms on the unlaminar primary follicle
primordial follicle
oocyte surrounded by follicular and stromal cells. follicular cells have only one layer and are very thin
primary follicle unilaminar
zona pellucida forms. follicular cells become cuboidal but still w/ only 1 layer
primary follicle multilaminar
granulosa cells expand to have multiple layers. stromal cells begin to differentiate into theca interna and externa
secondary follicle
atrium begins to form with definitive theca interna and externa with a non central oocyte
graafian follicle
large follicle with a large atrium and very non central oocyte
what do granulosa cells produce?
estrogen and the liquor folliculi that fills the follicle
following ovulation, what happens to the granulosa cells?
they transition into a corpus luteum which produces the progesterone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy. if no pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum will degenerate into a corpus albicans
describe the epithelium of the uterine tube
simple columnar with cilia
what are the cells found in the uterine tube that provide nutrition?
peg cells
what are the two layers within the endometrium and how do they change throughout the menstral cycle?
stratum functionalis and stratum basalis. The cells in the functionalis respond to estrogen and proliferate to accomodate a potential pregnancy
what stimulates the transition into the secretory phase of the menstral cycle?
progesterone
describe the change in glands throughout the stages of the menstral cycle
they are straight during the proliferative stage, but coil as they enter the secretory phase. they secrete nutrients in anticipation of the income fetus
what is the epithelium inside the uterus and how does it change in the vagina?
simple columnar in the uterus and changes at the ectocervix (external os) to stratified squamous
what prevents polyspermy
a reaction to the disruption of the zona pellucida by the sperm mediated by calcium
when do oocytes undergo the second meitotic division?
fertilization
at what day does implantation occur?
5-7
what tissue invades the endometrium? what does it produce and why is it important?
syncytiotrophoblast. it produces human chorionic gonadotropin hCG which signals the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone
what structures form in the placenta that organize blood supply
they form villi
what happens to the myometrium after pregnancy?
hypertrophy and hyperplasia
