Female Reproductive System

Question 0

How many chromosomes are in an adult human?

Answer 0

46 or 23 pairs

Question 1

What are the primary sex organs of each sex? Name two functions of the primary sex organs.

Answer 1

Females - ovaries
Males - testes

Gonads produce hormones and sex cells called gametes.

Question 2

Does making a gamete require meiosis or mitosis? Is a mature gamete haploid or diploid? Are adult cells haploid or diploid?

Answer 2

Meiosis; haploid; diploid

Question 3

Does replication of cells in the basal lamina of the epidermis utilize meiosis or mitosis?

Answer 3

mitosis

Question 4

Name four homologous organs between males and females.

Answer 4

1. testes - ovaries
2. clitoris - glans of penis
3. labia majora - scrotum
4. vestibular glands - bulbourethral glands

Question 5

What 2 sex chromosomes does a genetic male have? Female?

Answer 5

XY; XX

Question 6

What are the secondary sex organs in the female?

Answer 6

1. Uterine tubes
2. Uterus
3. Vagina
4. Clitoris
5. Mammary Glands

Question 7

Why does it make sense that both ovaries and testes have a tunica albuginea?

Answer 7

They are homologous organs

Question 8

Which portion of the ovary contains ovarian follicles?

Answer 8

The cortex

Question 9

What are the two components of an ovarian follicle? What important substance do follicular cells secrete?

Answer 9

Oocyte + follicular cell; estrogen

Question 10

What are the six stages of follicular developement?

Answer 10

1. Primordial follicle
2. Primary follicle
3. Secondary follicle
4. Vesticular follicle
5. Corpus luteum
6. Corpus albicans

Question 11

Which stages contain a primary oocyte? A secondary oocyte? No oocyte? What is the difference between a primary and secondary oocyte?

Answer 11

Primordial, primary, secondary; Vesticular; Corpus luteum and corpus albincans; a primary oocyte is arrested in meiosis phase I and a secondary is in meiosis phase II

Question 12

What important hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 12

progesterone and estrogen

Question 13

Under what circumstances does the corpus luteum regress to the corpus albicans?

Answer 13

The secondary oocyte is not fertilized

Question 14

What sequence of events initiates the first ovulation durin puberty?

Answer 14

When a female child reaches puberty, the hypothalamus increases the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (lutenizing hormone) that start to develop into a monthly ovarian cycle.

Question 15

What leads to menopause?

Answer 15

Estrogen levels drop, no follicular cells are left or the ones that are stop growing.

Question 16

What are the functions of FSH and LH during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle? Where are FSH LH released from?

Answer 16

They increase the development of ovarian follicles; anterior pituitary

Question 17

What hormone spikes to a high level, inducing ovulation?

Answer 17

Estrogen

Question 18

What is the source of high estrogen during the follicular phase?

Answer 18

Ovarian follicles

Question 19

What is the source of estrogen and progesterone in the luteal phase?

Answer 19

Corpus luteum

Question 20

What is the purpose of high estrogen and progesterone during the luteal phase?

Answer 20

Stabilize and build up the uterine wall

Question 21

What change in hormones allow menstruation to occur?

Answer 21

Drop in estrogen and progesterone levels.

Question 22

Where does oocyte fertilization usually occur?

Answer 22

In the uterine tube

Question 23

Where does implantation usually occur?

Answer 23

uterus

Question 24

What kind of epithelial cells does the uterine tube have? Why?

Answer 24

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 25

What are the functions of the uterus?

Answer 25

1. Site of implantation
2. Supports and protects the developing embryo/fetus
3. Ejects the fetus during labor

Question 26

What are the 2 distinct layers of the endometrium? Which layer includes columnar epithelial cells? Which layer is shed during menstruation?

Answer 26

Functional and Basal layers; Functional; Functional

Question 27

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle? How do they map onto the ovarian?

Answer 27

1. Menstual phase
2. Proliferative phase
3. Secretory phase

The follicular phase is between the menstrual phase and proliferative phase. Ovulation is between the proliferative phase and secretory phase. The luteal phase and the secretory phase are concurrent.

Question 28

What is the function of mammary glands?

Answer 28

To produce and secrete breast milk.

Question 29

Which 2 hormones control milk production and ejection respectively?

Answer 29

Prolactin and Oxytocin

Question 30

Where are prolactin and oxytocin released from?

Answer 30

Anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus, respectively.