Female reproductive system

Question 1

ovary: description and suspension

Answer 1

almond shaped organ

suspended by mesentery: mesovarium (part of broad ligament)

Question 2

ovary: embryological

Answer 2

originally develop high on posterior abdominal wall
descend before birth to the pelvic cavity
lie on the lateral wall, inferior to pelvic inlet
during descent bring nerve blood supply, drainage

Question 3

ovary: role

Answer 3

oogenesis

egg are ovulated towards opening of fallopian tube

Question 4

ovary are intra or retro peritoneal?

Answer 4

both intra and retro peritoneal

superior: intra
inferior: retroperitoneal

Question 5

ligament of ovary

Answer 5

inferior pol of ovary is attached to superolateral corner of uterus

Question 6

suspensory ligament of ovary

Answer 6

peritoneal fold covering vessels (ovarian vessels) & nerve from abdominal wall to superior pole of ovary

Question 7

fallopian tube: description and role

Answer 7

paired muscular tubes
extend from superolateral corners of uterus
role: site of egg fertilization
transmit ova from ovary and sperm from uterine cavity

Question 8

fallopian tube: components

Answer 8

infundibulum: trumpet shaped terminal part, open to peritoneal cavity next to ovary
fimbriae: fringe of tissue around ostium of F. tube
amppulla: widest part- site of fertilization
isthmus: narrowest part before uterus
uterine part: segment that passes through uterine wall

Question 9

extrauterine implantation

Answer 9

ectopic pregnancy

tubal pregnancy and abdominal pregnancy

Question 10

regular implantation site

Answer 10

uterine endometrium (superior part of uterus

Question 11

tubal pregnancy

Answer 11

in uterine tube in ampulla or isthmus

abdominal pain and tenderness due to distension of tube, abnormal bleeding and peritonitis

Question 12

abdominal pregnancy

Answer 12

on fimbriae, could be released in peritoneal cavity
will implant on rectouterine pouch
maybe continue to full term and baby can be delivered by laparotomy

Question 13

uterus

Answer 13

pearshaped musclar organ
center of pelvis 
between bladder and rectum 
role: site of fertilized eff and implantation
site of development of embryo
parturition of fetus

Question 14

uterus components

Answer 14

body: fundus: round superior end where uterine tubes open to uterine cavity
isthmus: narrow inferior segment
extends into cervix
cervix: short cylinder
central chanal cervical canal
supravaginal part: above vagina
vaginal part: protrudes into the upper vagina
uterine cavity

Question 15

uterine cavity

Answer 15

narrow space within uterine body within uterine body
communicates with lumen of fallopian tubes
vaginal internal os and external os

Question 16

cervix changes after birth

Answer 16

from nulliparous to multiparous

Question 17

vagina: description and role

Answer 17

distensible fibromuscular tube from vulva to cervix
length varies, enlarges during sexual arousal
anteriorly bladder and urethra
posteriorly rectum
role: copulatory organ in women

Question 18

vagina component

Answer 18

vaginal canal: lumen of vagina
normal collapse
internal end of canal enlarged vaginal vault
vaginal vault: receive semen during intercours
sper make their way through external os, cervical canal, internal canal, uterine cavity, F tube, ampulla
speculum is needed to open a vaginal canal to examine the vaginal cervix

Question 19

angles of uterus/cervix/vagina

Answer 19

uterus: mobile, change position, bladder, rectum
flexion: angle between uterine body & isthmus
body of uterus is normally anteflexed on the cervix
over the bladfer
version: angle between cervical canal & vagina
cervix: normally angled forward on the vagina
cervix projects into the upper anterior aspect of vaginal vault
vagina: superior and posteriorly oriented
60d to horizon and 45d to uterus

Question 20

peritoneum

Answer 20

draps over bladder over bladder and body of uterus, rectum and post. supravaginal part of cervix
double fold on each side of uterus: broad ligament
form pouches
fold over uterosacral ligament
form recto uterine fold

Question 21

vesico-uterine pouch

Answer 21

anterior, between bladder and uterus

Question 22

recto-uterine pouch

Answer 22

between uterus and rectum

lowest part of peritoneal cavity

Question 23

ligament of female of pelvic cavity

Answer 23

uterus/ vagina complex is supported by pelvic floor

maintain uterus

Question 24

round ligament of uterus

Answer 24

superolateral corners of uterus, iguinal canal to labia majora
maintain anteversion of uterus

Question 25

uterine ligament

Answer 25

from cervix to pelvic wall split into 3 transverse cervical ligament (cardinal) cervix to lateral pelvic wall protect uterine vessel + maintain central postion puboecervical: pubic bone to cervix uterosacral: sacrum to cervix maint central position

Question 26

broad ligament

Answer 26

double folds of peritoneum extending on each side of uterus to lateral wall mesosalphinx: F tube mesovarium: ovary mesometrium: uterine body and lateral side of pelvis

Question 27

vulva

Answer 27

external female genitalia structure | erectile tissue associated muscles, accessory gland

Question 28

erectile tissue

Answer 28

2 corpora cavernosa | 2 bulbs of the vestibule

Question 29

bulbs of the vestibule

Answer 29

on each side of vaginal opening firmly anchored to perineal membrane join ant. on midline: glans of clitoris homologous in male: corpus spongiosum

Question 30

corpora cavernosa

Answer 30

crura: proximal part of corpora cavernosa attached to pubic arch body of clitoris: formed by the free part of corpora cavernosa

Question 31

skeletal muscles: ischiocavernosus

Answer 31

ischiocavernosus: cover cura of anchored to ischial tuberosity and pubic arch roles: forces blood from crura into body clitoris for erection

Question 32

skeletal muscle: bulbospongiosus

Answer 32

cover the bulb of the vestibule anchored to perineal body and perineal membrane role: forces blood into distal region of clitoris

Question 33

innervation skeletal muscle

Answer 33

pudendal nerve S2-S4

Question 34

greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's)

Answer 34

small pea shaped muscous glands posterior to the bulbs of the vestibule in labia majora located superficial to the perineal membrane duct opens into vestibule & posterolateral aspect of vagina role: lubricate vestibule during sexual arousal homologous in male: bulbo- urethral glands

Question 35

para-urethral glands (Skene's)

Answer 35

small glands on each side of the urethra duct drains into the urethra role: lubricate vestibule & labia during sexual arousal female ejaculation homologous to prostate

Question 36

labia majora:

Answer 36

most external 2 broad skin& fatty folds unite anteriorly to form mons of pubis (Venus) fatty tissue found over the pubic symphysis

Question 37

labia minora

Answer 37

2 delicate hairless skin fold found inside the labia majora

Question 38

clitoris

Answer 38

is located at ant junction of labia minora

Question 39

vulval vestibule

Answer 39

region between 2 labia minora | contains urethral and vaginal orifices and accessory glands