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ANAT 214 > Neurovascular of Abdomen & Portal System > Flashcards

Neurovascular of Abdomen & Portal System Flashcards

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1
Q

abdomina aorta

A 
enters abdomen at T12 through aortic aperture
descends along vertebral column, left to midline
terminates at L4 where bifurcates into 2 common iliac A (2-2.5cm below umbilicus) 
paired parietal (posterior) 
paire visceral (lateral) 
unpaired visceral (anterior)
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2
Q

Paired parietal (posterior)

A

inferior phrenic: 1 pair, T12

lumbar arteries: 4 pairs (each level L1-L4)

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3
Q

paired visceral (lateral)

A

middle suprarenal: L1
renal: L1-L2
gonadal (testicular or ovarian) L2

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4
Q

unpaired

A 
celiac trunk T12 
superior mesenteric (L1) 
inferior mesenteric (L3)
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5
Q

inferior phrenic

A

1st branch from aorta, under aortic aperture
follows the inferior surface of diaphragm
gives superior suprarenal arteries

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6
Q

lumbar arteries

A

4 pairs for L1-L4
posterior aspect of abdominal aorta
like posterior intercostal: along vertebral body
vascularise spinal cord (segment) and posterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

Celiac trunk

A 
arises on anterior surface of aorta, right below aortic aperture
gives 3 branches: 
left gastric
splenic 
common hepatic artery
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8
Q

celiac trunk: left gastric

A

uppermost branch of celiac trunk
follows lesser curvature of stomach
gives: oesophageal branches
vascularise lesser curvature of stomach, inferior portion of esophagus, lesser omentum

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9
Q

common hepatic artery:

A

large vessel directed to the right

gives 1 main branches: proper hepatic & gastroduodenal arteries

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10
Q

proper hepatic

A

goes up toward liver
gives: right gastric artery. for lesser curvature of stomach
will anastamose with left gastric

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11
Q

gastroduodenal artery

A

goes down towards pancreas& duodenum
gives 2 branches
right gastro-omental artery
superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

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12
Q

splenic artery

A

large curled vessel directed to the left
passe posterior to stomach
gives: pancreatic arteries, left gastro-omental artery, short gastric artery

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13
Q

left gastro-omental artery

A

will anastomose with right gastro-omental artery

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14
Q

short gastric artery

A

vascularize the fundus of stomach

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15
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

anterior surface of aorta
behind neck of pancreas, anterior to left renal vein
vascularize midgut
gives inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anastomose with sup. pancreaticoduodenal)
all other branches for small intestine

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16
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

anterior surface of aorta
inferior of duodenum
vascularize hindgut
gives: left colic (will anastomose with middle colic via marginal colic branch) sigmoid & superior rectal

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17
Q

middle suprarenal

A

arise on each side of aorta, superior to renal arteries

vascularise suprarenal glands (superior pole of kidney

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18
Q

renal

A

large vessels arising on each side of aorta almost lateral to SMA
left renal artery is 1/2 shorter than right
right renal passes behind IVC
vascularize kidney: 1.2 L per minute
give inferior suprarenal arteries

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19
Q

gonadal arteries

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A

arise inferior to the renal arteries on the anterolateral surface of aorta
directed inferiorly, cross over ureter, travel down on psoas.
male: in spermatic cord in inguinal cnal
female: to ovary in pelvis cavity

20
Q

inferior vena cava

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A

receives blood from retro peritoneal& pelvic organs , wall of abdomen & pelvis, & lower limbs
originate where 2 common iliac veins merge
ascends on the right side of vertebral column
passed post to liver
enters thoracic cavity through caval aperture (T8)
corresponds to arteries except for the unpaired branches.

21
Q

tributaries of IVC

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A 
inferior phrenic 
hepatic vein 
suprarenal 
renal 
gonadal 
ascending lumbar 
lumbar veins
22
Q

inferior phrenic veins & lumbar veins

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A

drain posterior wall & diaphragm

accompany arteries of same name

23
Q

ascending lumbar

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A

between lumbar veins
continuous with azygos system
function as a collateral pathway between IVC and SVC

24
Q

veins of retroperitoneal organs: renal, suprarenal & gonadal veins

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A

important variation between right & left

left gonadal & suprarenal veins drain into left renal vein not directly in IVC contrarily to right side

25
veins of intraperitoneal organ
hepatic veins: drain liver return blood to circulation after filtration immediately inferior to caval aperture
26
portal vein system
nutrien-rich venous blood from capillary bed of the GI tract and associated organ to sinusoids of liver treated blood return to systemic circulation
27
portosystemic pathway
GI capillary--> venule--> tributaries of portal vein--> 2nd capillary system (liver) --> venule--> hepatic vein--> IVC
28
portal vein tributaries
``` list: hepatic portal vein splenic vein superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric small tributaries ```
29
hepatic portal vein
``` downstream vessel before liver passes post. to duodenum enters hepatoduodenal lig. major anatomical variation usually connection of splenic & superior mesenteric ```
30
splenic vein
drains spleen | receives short gastric, esophageal, left gastro-omental& sup. pancreaticoduodenal veins
31
superior mesenteric vein:
drains small intestine, & most of large intestine (same as SMA tibutaries) receives right gastro-omental & inf. pancreaticoduodenal veins
32
inferior mesenteric vein
drains hindgut, (same as IMA tributaries) left colic, sigmoidal, sup rectal (not middle +inf. rectal) drains into splenic vein, but sometime directly into hepatic portal vein.
33
small tributaries
draining directly into portal vein (close to liver) paraumbilical veins: associated with obliterated, umbilical veins, connected to anterior abdominal wall right& left gastric veins: drain small curvature of stomach & abdominal portion of esophagus cystic vein: drains gall bladder
34
portosystemic anastomosis
hepatic portal system drains abdominal visceral organs to liver if high portal vein pressure (cirrhosis), less blood flows to the liver, but drains into systemic circulation through portosystemic anastomos
35
portosystemic anastomosis (different junction)
gastroesophageal junction: esophageal veins from left gastric vein --> azygos reflux into esophageal veins = esophageal varice anorectal junction: sup rectal veins --> middle & inf. rectal from internal iliac veins causing: hemorrhoids umbilicus: para-umbilical veins--> ant. abdominal wall causing caput medusae
36
sympathetic system
arise from spinal cord of thoracic & lumbar level (T1-L2) preganglionic fibres leave the spine with spinal nerve of corresponding level enter sympathetic trunk the use 3 different options to reach a sympathetic ganglion
37
2 groups of sympathetic ganglia:
sympathetic trunk: located on each side of the spine are connected forming a chain prevertebral ganglion: ganglion located in regard of main branches from the aorta -coeliac -SM -IM aorticorenal
38
prevertebral ganglia & plexus
organization of cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons celiac: (2) associated with celiac trunk superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric aorticorenal
39
thoracic splanchnic
pass from sympathetic trunk in thorax to prevertebral plexus & ganglia pass through diaphragm crura greater splanchnic nerve: T5-T9- celiac ganglion associated with celiac trunk lesser splanchnic nerve: T10-T11--> to aorticorenal ganglion least splanchnic nerve: T12 renal plexus
40
parasympathetic system
from brainstem and sacral spinal cord from brain stem: 3,7, 9,10 sacral spinal nerve: S2,3,4 form pelvic splanchnic nerve contribute to autonomic plexus in pelvis, abdomen terminal synapse in parasympathetic ganglion that is always located near/ in the target organ
41
splanchnic nerves
visceral nerves carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system
42
vagal trunks
reach celiac and superior mesenteric regions | parasympathetic innervation to foregut& midgut
43
pelvic splanchnics
``` enters inferior hypogastric plexus ascend through hypogastric nerve reach inferior mesnteric region (sup. hypogastric plexus & aortic plexus) parasympathetic innervation to hindgut ```
44
abdominal prevertebral plexus
collection of nerve fibres surrounding aorta & branches fibres from: sympathetic (postganglionic) &prevertebral ganglia parasympathetic (preganglionic)
45
celiac plexus
celiac: nerve fibres related to celiac tunk and SMA parasympathetic: vagal trunk sympathetic: greater & lesser splanchnic celiac + sup. mesenteric + aorticorenal ganglia
46
aortic plexus
nerve fibres of ant. surface of abd. aorta, from SMA to aortic bifurcation parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic sympathetic: lumbar splanchnics inf. mesenteric ganglion
47
superior hypogastric plexus
below aortic bifurcation | connected to inferior hypogastric plexus via hypogastic nerve

ANAT 214 (10 decks)

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