Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What structures constitute the birth canal?

Answer 1

Vulva

Cervix

Vagina

Question 2

What are the layers of the uterus, from outermost to innermost?

Answer 2

Perimetrium

Myometrium

Endometrium

Question 3

From what area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from during pregnancy?

Answer 3

The isthmus

Question 4

How does the round ligament appear?

Answer 4

Fibrous appearance

Question 5

Where does the ovarian ligament run between?

Answer 5

Ovaries and uterus

Question 6

What is the appearance of the ovarian suspensory ligaements?

Answer 6

Hollow with ovarian vessels inside

Question 7

Where is the round ligament of the uterus found?

Answer 7

Between the two sheets of the broad ligament

Question 8

What is the normal position of the uterus?

Answer 8

Anteflexed

Anteverted

Question 9

What can happen if the uterus is retroverted and retroflexed, especially in early pregnancy?

Answer 9

Urinary incontinence

Miscarriage

Question 10

Why is it important to know the position of the uterus prior to instrumental delivery?

Answer 10

To avoid perforation of the uterus with instrumentation

Question 11

Where does the rectouterine space lie?

Answer 11

Between the rectum and the uterus

Question 12

Where does the uterovesical space lie?

Answer 12

Between the bladder and the uterus

Question 13

What are the fornices of the vagina?

Answer 13

Anterior

Posterior

Lateral

Question 14

Through which vaginal fornix can the rectouterine puch be accessed?

Answer 14

Posterior vaginal fornix

Question 15

What structures support the uterus?

Answer 15

Pelvic fascia

Muscles of pelvic floor

Question 16

What is the cardinal ligament of the uterus?

Answer 16

Transverse cervical ligament

Question 17

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 17

Infundibulum

Ampulla

Isthmus

Intramural/uterine part

Question 18

Which is the longest and widest part of the uterine tubes?

Answer 18

Ampulla

Question 19

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 19

In the ampulla of the uterine tubes

Question 20

What are the ligaments associated with the ovaries?

Answer 20

Ligament of ovary

Suspensory ovarian ligament

Question 21

Where does the ligament of the ovary run between?

Answer 21

From the uterus to ovaries

Question 22

Where does the suspensory ovarian ligament run between?

Answer 22

From ovaries to lateral pelvic wall

Question 23

What branches of the abdominal aorta supply the gonads and genitalia?

Answer 23

Gonadal and internal iliac arteries

Question 24

At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries originate?

Answer 24

L2

Question 25

In what structure does the ovarian artery descend?

Answer 25

Within the suspensory ligament and supplies ovarie via broad ligament

Question 26

Into what vein does the left ovarian vein drain?

Answer 26

Left renal vein

Question 27

Into what vein does the right ovarian vein drain?

Answer 27

Inferior vena cava

Question 28

Where does the uterine artery cross over the ureter?

Answer 28

At the level of the ischial spine at the junction of the cervix and lateral part of the fornix of the vagina

Question 29

Which group of lymph nodes receive lymph from the ovaries?

Answer 29

Para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 30

Where is lymph from the external orifice of the vagina drained to?

Answer 30

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 31

What lymph nodes drain the fundus and upper uterine body?

Answer 31

Pre-aortic group

Question 32

What lymph nodes drain the bulk of the uterine body?

Answer 32

Internal iliac group

Question 33

What lymph nodes drain the lower part of the uterine body?

Answer 33

Ecternal iliac group

Question 34

What lymph nodes drain the uterine cervix and upper vagina?

Answer 34

Internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

Question 35

What lymph nodes drain the lower vagina?

Answer 35

Sacral and common iliac

Question 36

How many lobes are in each breast?

Answer 36

15-25

Question 37

What are the boundaries of the breasts?

Answer 37

2nd rib 6th rib Lateral border of sternum Anterior axillary line

Question 38

What muscles are the deep surface of the breasts related to?

Answer 38

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior

Question 39

Branches of which arteries supply the mammary gland?

Answer 39

Branches of subclavian and axillary arteries

Question 40

What are the main lymph node groups draining the breasts?

Answer 40

Axillary lymph nodes (75%, lateral quadrants) Pectoral Parasternal Supraclavicular lymph nodes