Vessels, Nerves and Lymph Nodes of the Pelvis

Question 1

What arteries supply most of the pelvic viscera, and what organs do they not supply?

Answer 1

Right and left internal iliac arteries

Do not supply testes, ovaries or upper part of rectum

Question 2

What artery supplies the bladder, seminal gland and prostate?

Answer 2

Superior and inferior vesical arteries

Question 3

What are the origins of the superior and inferior vesical arteries?

Answer 3

Superior vesical artery- patent part of umbilical artery

Inferior vesical artery- anterior division of internal iliac artery

Question 4

What artery supplies the pelvic ureter, uterus, ligament of uterus, uterine tube and vagina?

Answer 4

Uterine artery

Question 5

What artery is the uterine artery a branch of?

Answer 5

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Question 6

What artery supplies the testes and ovaries?

Answer 6

Gonadal (testicular or ovarian)

Question 7

What artery is the gonadal artery a branch of?

Answer 7

Abdominal aorta

Question 8

What artery supplies the rectum?

Answer 8

Superior rectal artery

Question 9

What artery is the superior rectal artery a branch of?

Answer 9

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 10

What artery supplies the seminal glands, prostate and rectum?

Answer 10

Middle and inferior rectal arteries

Question 11

What artery are the middle and inferior rectal arteries a branch of?

Answer 11

Internal iliac artery

Question 12

What artery supplies the vagina and inferior part of the bladder?

Answer 12

Vaginal artery

Question 13

What artery is the vaginal artery a branch of?

Answer 13

Uterine artery

Question 14

What is the main artery to the perineum?

Answer 14

Internal pudendal artery

Question 15

What artery is the internal pudendal artery a branch of?

Answer 15

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Question 16

What artery supplies the pelvic muscles and head of femur?

Answer 16

Obturator artery

Question 17

What artery is the obturator artery a branch of?

Answer 17

Intenral iliac artery

Question 18

What do the superior and inferior vesical arteries supply?

Answer 18

Bladder

Seminal glands

Prostate

Question 19

What does the uterine artery supply?

Answer 19

Pelvic ureter

Uterus

Ligaments of uterus

Uterine tube

Vagina

Question 20

What do the gonadal arteries supply?

Answer 20

Testes or ovaries

Question 21

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

Answer 21

Rectum

Question 22

What do the middle and inferior rectal arteries supply?

Answer 22

Seminal glands

Prostate

Rectum

Question 23

What does the vaginal artery supply?

Answer 23

Vagina

Inferior part of urinary bladder

Question 24

What does the internal pudendal artery supply?

Answer 24

Perineum

Question 25

What does the obturator artery supply?

Answer 25

Pelvic muscles Head of femur

Question 26

What are the five veins that drain the pelvis?

Answer 26

Internal iliac veins Superior rectal veins Median sacral vein Gonadal veins Internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 27

Which rectal vein drains into the portal circulation?

Answer 27

Superior rectal vein

Question 28

Which rectal veins drain into the systemic circulation?

Answer 28

Inferior and middle rectal veins

Question 29

What is the clinical significance of the pelvic veins?

Answer 29

Haemorrhoids

Question 30

With which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with on its posterior side?

Answer 30

Vertebral venous plexus (causes bone mets in prostate cancer)

Question 31

What makes up the somatic component of the nerve supply to the reproductive organs?

Answer 31

Illioinguinal nerve + genitofemoral nerve

Question 32

Where does the illioinguinal nerve originate?

Answer 32

L1

Question 33

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 33

At the superficial inguinal ring

Question 34

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

Answer 34

The skin at the root of the penis or the labia

Question 35

Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate?

Answer 35

L1-L2

Question 36

Where does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 36

Deep inguinal ring

Question 37

What structure is supplied by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 37

The anterior aspect of the scrotum

Question 38

Where does the pudendal nerve arise from?

Answer 38

From S2-S4 via the sacral plexus

Question 39

What is the sympathetic innervation of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis in males?

Answer 39

L1 and L2 via the hypogastric plexus

Question 40

What is the sympathetic innervation of the female genital tract?

Answer 40

Ovarian and pelvic plexuses

Question 41

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the female genital tract?

Answer 41

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

Question 42

What is the innervation of male and female erectile tissues?

Answer 42

Parasympathetic fibres from S2-S4 via the hypogastric plexus

Question 43

What region do the external iliac lymph nodes drain?

Answer 43

Pelvic viscera (especially superior parts of anterior pelvic organs)

Question 44

What region do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain?

Answer 44

Gluteal region, deep perineum and inferior pelvic viscera

Question 45

What region do the sacral lymph nodes drain?

Answer 45

Postero-inferior pelvic viscera

Question 46

What nodes do the common iliac lymph nodes drain?

Answer 46

External iliac nodes Internal iliac nodes Sacral nodes