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ANAPHY > FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (LEC) > Flashcards

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (LEC) Flashcards

1
Q

produces new individuals and makes use of sex cells/gametes

A

Sexual reproduction

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2
Q

formed by testes and ovaries

A

Gametes (sperm & egg)

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3
Q

produces one cell (a zygote)with one set of
chromosomes from each parent

A

Fertilization

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4
Q

Creates genetic variation

A

Sexual reproduction

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5
Q

produce gametes & secrete sex hormones

A

Gonads

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6
Q

study of female reproductive system

A

Gynecology

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7
Q

study of urinary & male reproductive system

A

Urology

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8
Q

produce eggs (oöcytes) & hormones

A

Ovaries

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9
Q

transport the eggs

A

Uterine tubes

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10
Q

where fetal
development occurs

A

Uterus

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11
Q

birth canal

A

Vagina

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12
Q

constitute the vulva

A

External genitalia

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13
Q

produce milk

A

Mammary glands

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14
Q

Pair of organs, size of
unshelled almonds in
upper pelvic region

A

The Ovary

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15
Q

Capsule of dense Connective tissue

A

The Ovary

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16
Q

just deep to
capsule; contains follicles
with egg cells (oöcytes)

A

Cortex

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17
Q

middle region
composed of connective
tissue, blood vessels &
lymphatics

A

Medulla

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18
Q

peritoneal membrane
covering the ovary

A

Germinal epithelium

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19
Q

Contain oöcytes (egg cells) in various stages of development

A

Ovarian Follicles

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19
Q

Ovarian Follicles secrete _____ that function for
* Growth and repair of uterine lining
* Regulation of monthly female cycle
* Female sexual characteristics (women smooth muscle, curvy body, high pitched voice)
* Maintenance of bone and muscle

A

estrogens

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20
Q

In Ovarian Follicles ______ releases an oöcyte
each month during ovulation

A

Mature (Graafian) follicle

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21
Q

In Ovarian Follicles _______ develop
within follicles

A

Oöcytes (egg cells)

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22
Q

In Ovarian Follicles ______ is a Single layer of squamous cells
around the oöcyte

A

Primordial follicle

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22
Q

In Ovarian Follicles ______ have Layers of cuboidal granulosa
cells around the oöcyte
* Granulosa cells secrete
estrogens

A

Primary follicle

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23
Q

In Ovarian Follicles ______ is where Antral cavity forms

A

Secondary follicle

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24
Q

In Ovarian Follicles ______ is where Follicle mature ready to ovulate
oöcyte

A

Graafian follicle

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24
Q

Follicle ruptures
releasing oöcyte

A

Ovulation

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24
Q

After ovulation, empty follicle
becomes a _______

A

Corpus Luteum

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24
Q

Corpus Luteum secretes _______ which completes the
preparation of uterine lining

A

Progesterone

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24
Q

Corpus Luteum secretes _______ which work with progesterone

A

Estrogens

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24
Q

Corpus Luteum secretes _______ which relaxes uterine muscles
and pubic symphysis

A

Relaxin

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24
Q

Corpus Luteum secretes _______ which decreases secretion of
FSH and LH

A

Inhibin

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24
Q

a white scar tissue left after the corpus luteum dies.

A

Corpus albicans

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24
Q

In Oögenesis Germ cells from yolk sac migrate to ovary and become potential egg cells called _______

A

oögonia

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24
Q

In _______ millions of oögonia produced by mitosis
but most of them degenerate (atresia)

A

fetus

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24
Q

Some develop into immature egg cells called
________ during fetal development

A

primary oöcytes

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24
Q

200,000 to __________ of primary oöcytes are present at birth then 40,000 remain at puberty but only ____ mature during a
woman’s reproductive life

A

2 million and 400

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24
Q

Each month about __ primary oöcytes become
secondary oöcytes but usually only one survives to
be ovulated from Graffian follicle

A

20

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24
Q

Egg forming cells (oöcytes) go through
two divisions

A

Oögenesis

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24
Q

In Oögenesis it Starts with a 2n=46 1º/primary oöcyte that divides, resulting in two n=23 cells,
but one is a large 2º/secondary oöcyte and one is a small 1st polar body that may itself divide

_______ only occurs if
2º/secondary oöcyte is fertilized. Results in one large n=23 ovum (egg) and one small n=23 2nd polar body

A

Second division

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24
Q

Oögenesis results in one large
________ (zygote) and possibly
three small polar bodies

A

fertilized egg

24
Q

Narrow, 4 inch tube
that extends from the
ovary to uterus

A

Uterine or Fallopian Tubes

24
Q

In Uterine or Fallopian Tubes _______ is open,
funnel-shaped portion
near the ovary

A

Infundibulum

24
Q

In Uterine or Fallopian Tubes ____ are moving
finger-like processes

A

Fimbriae

24
Q

In Uterine or Fallopian Tubes _____ is central
region of tube

A

Ampulla

24
Q

In Uterine or Fallopian Tubes ______ is the narrowest portion that joins the uterus

A

Isthmus

24
Q

events occurring in the uterine tube
______ sweep oöcyte into tube

A

Fimbriae

24
Q

events occurring in the uterine tube
_____ and peristalsis move oöcyte along

A

Cilia

24
Q

events occurring in the uterine tube
_____ reaches oöcyte in ampulla

A

Sperm

24
Q

occurs within 24 hours after ovulation

A

Fertilization

24
Q

reaches uterus about 7 days after ovulation

A

Zygote

24
Q

Site of menstruation
& development of fetus

A

Uterus

24
Q

the uterus is _____ inches long by 2 inches. Wide and 1 inches thick

A

3

24
Q

Subdivided into fundus,
body & cervix

A

Uterus

24
Q

In the Uterus
Simple columnar epithelium
– Stroma of connective tissue
and endometrial glands

A

Endometrium

24
Q

In the Uterus the Endometrium has _____ that sheds during menstruation

A

Functional layer

24
Q

In the Uterus the Endometrium has _____ that Replaces functional layer
each month

A

Basal layer

24
Q

In the Uterus the ______ has 3 layers of smooth muscle

A

Myometrium

24
Q

In the Uterus the ______ has a Visceral peritoneum

A

Perimetrium

24
Q

Changes in the Endometrium
Stage 1: Day 1-5

A

menstruation

24
Q

Changes in the Endometrium
Stage 2: Day 5-13

A

pre-ovulatory stage

24
Q

Changes in the Endometrium
Stage 3: Day 14

A

ovulation

25
Q

Changes in the Endometrium
Stage 4: Day 15-28

A

post-ovulatory stage

25
Q

Blood Supply to the Uterus

________ branch as arcuate arteries and radial
arteries that supply the myometrium

A

Uterine arteries

26
Q

Blood Supply to the Uterus

____ & ____ branches penetrate to the endometrium
– their constriction due to hormonal changes starts menstrual cycle
– Degeneration and regeneration of spiral arteries causes the
functionalis to shed during menstruation

A

Straight & spiral branches

26
Q

Blood Supply to the Uterus

______ supply the stratum functionalis and is responsible for bloody menstruation

A

spiral arteries

27
Q

Female organ of copulation

A

Vagina

27
Q

Passageway for birth, menstrual flow and intercourse

A

Vagina

28
Q

– 4 inch long fibromuscular organ ending at cervix
– Lies between urinary bladder and rectum
– Orifice partially closed with membrane (hymen)

A

Vagina

28
Q

pudendum

A

vagina

28
Q

Lies external to the vagina and includes the mons
pubis, labia, clitoris, and vestibular structures

A

External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)

28
Q

in External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)

the _____ is a round, fatty area overlying the pubic
symphysis

A

Mons pubis

28
Q

in External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)

the _____ is a elongated, hair-covered, fatty skin folds homologous to the male scrotum

A

Labia majora

29
Q

in External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)

the _____ is a hair-free skin folds lying within the labia majora; homologous to the ventral penis

A

Labia minora

29
Q

in External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)

the _____ is a
– Pea-size glands flanking the vagina
– Homologous to the bulbourethral glands
– Keep the vestibule moist and lubricated

A

Greater vestibular glands

29
Q

in External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)

the _____ (homologous to the penis) is a
– Erectile tissue hooded by the prepuce
– The exposed portion is called the glans

A

Clitoris

30
Q

in External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)

the _____ is a
– Diamond-shaped region between the pubic arch
and coccyx
– Bordered by the ischial tuberosities laterally

A

Perineum

30
Q

Modified sweat glands that produce milk (lactation)

A

Mammary Glands

30
Q

Amount of adipose tissue determines ______

A

size of breast

31
Q

Milk-secreting mammary glands alveoli open by ______ at the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

32
Q

pigmented area around nipple

A

Areola

32
Q

suspend breast from deep fascia of pectoral muscles

A

Suspensory (Cooper’s) ligaments

32
Q

Milk production and secretion

develop the ducts system in the breasts

A

Estrogens

33
Q

Milk production and secretion

develop the milk-secreting glands
which are called alveoli

A

Progesterone

33
Q

Milk production and secretion

stimulate milk synthesis in the alveoli

A

Prolactin

33
Q

Milk production and secretion

stimulate milk ejection from the alveoli

A

Oxytocin

34
Q

Milk ejection (release from glands)

stimulates the hypothalamus to
produce oxytocin

A

Nursing

34
Q

Milk ejection (release from glands)

____ secreted from the posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin

34
Q

Milk ejection (release from glands)

_____ causes smooth muscles around alveoli to contract and squeeze milk into lactiferous
ducts, lactiferous sinuses and into the nipple

A

Oxytocin

34
Q

Operated by positive feedback

A

Milk ejection (release from glands)

35
Q

capsule of connective tissue deep to the germ epithelium

A

Tunica albuginea

36
Q

has many layers of granulosa cells, secrete more estrogen

A

Mature oocytes

37
Q
  1. Zona pellucida
  2. Corona radiata
  3. Vitelline membrane
  4. Ooplasm
  5. Germinal vesicle
  6. Germinal spots
A

Ovum structure

38
Q

when _____ of ovarian follicles happens it enlarges, increase in layers, increase in anthrum

A

Maturation

39
Q

Oogonia is more _____ in fetal life than adult because there is no hormonal stimulation

A

numerous

40
Q

Spermatids and spermatozoans have haploid number of _______ because the 23 from sperms is added with the 23 from egg cells

A

chromosomes

41
Q

Oogenesis is done in _____ unlike spermatogenesis

A

stages

42
Q

Only 1 oocyte is produced by women per ____

A

month

43
Q

During intercourse, only 1000 sperm passes vagina, only _____ to ____ reach the ovum

A

300 to 400

43
Q

layer of myometrium that is being shed during menstruation, the fleshy one

A

Stratum functionalis

ANAPHY (5 decks)

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