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3- Reproduction > Female Reproductive tract > Flashcards

Female Reproductive tract Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

vulva

A

external female genitalia

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2
Q

vulva functions

A

sensory tissue during sexual intercourse
assists in micturition by directing flow of urine
protects internal female reproductive tract from infection

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3
Q

structures of vulva

A 
mons pubis
labia majora
lbia minora
vestibule
Bartholin's glands
clitoris
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4
Q

mons pubis

A

subcutaneous fat pad located anterior to pubic symphysis

Formed by fusion of labia majora

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5
Q

labia majora

A

two hair-bearing external skin folds
extend from mons pubis posteriorly to posterior commissure

Embryologically derived from labioscrotal swellings

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6
Q

labia minor

A

hails folds of skin, lie within labia major.
fuse anteriorly to form hood of clitoris and extend posteriorly either side of vaginal opening
merge posteriorly- creating fold of skin: fourchette

embryologically derived from urethral folds

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7
Q

vestibule

A

area enclosed by labia minora

contains openings of vagina and urethra

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8
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

secrete lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal
located either side of vaginal orifice

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9
Q

clitoris

A

located under clitoral hood
formed of erectile corpora cavernous tissue, becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation

embryologically derived from genital tubercle

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10
Q

Vascular supply of vulva

A

paired internal and external pudendal arteries

branches of internal iliac artery and femoral artery

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11
Q

Venous drainage of vulva

A

pudendal veins

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12
Q

Lymph drainage of vuvla

A

drains to nearby superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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13
Q

innervation of vulva

A

sensory and parasympathetic

Sensory

  • Anterior: ilioinguinal nerve (branch of genitofemoral)
  • Posterior: pudendal nerve

Clitoris and vestibule also receive parasympathetic innervation from cavernous nerves

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14
Q

vagina

A

distensible muscular tube which extends posterosuperiorly from external vaginal orifice to cervix

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15
Q

roles of vagina

A

Sexual intercourse
Childbirth
Menstruation

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16
Q

anatomical position of vagina

A

anterior: bladder & urethra
Posterior: rectouterine pouch, rectum and anal canal
lateral: ureters and levator ani muscle

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17
Q

anatomical structure of vagina

A

fibromuscular tube with anterior and posterior walls

Upper ending: vagina surrounds cervix, creating 2 fornices

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18
Q

Role of vaginal fornix

A

Posterior fornix acts as natural reservoir for semen after intravaginal ejaculation.
Semen retained in fornix liquefies in 20-30 minutes, allowing for easier permeation through cervical canal

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19
Q

histology of vagina

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
- provides protection and is lubricated by cervical mucus

Elastic lamina propria
- dense connective tissue layer which projects papillae into overlying epithelium

Fibromuscular layer
-comprises of 2 layers of smooth muscle; inner circular and outer longitudinal

Adventitia

  • fibrous layer
  • provides additional strength to vagina whilst also binding it to surround structures.
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20
Q

arterial supply of vagina

A

uterine and vaginal arteries

both branches of internal iliac artery

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21
Q

venous return of vagina

A

vaginal venous plexus

-drains into internal iliac veins via uterine vein

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22
Q

Lymphatic drainage of vagina

A

Superior: external iliac nodes
Middle: internal iliac nodes
Inferior: superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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23
Q

innervation of vagina

A

predominantly from autonomic nervous system

parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves arise from uterovaginal nerve plexus

Only inferior 1/5 of vagina receives somatic innervation via branch of pudendal nerve- deep perineal nerve

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24
Q

vaginal fistulae

A

open communication between vagina and one of the adjacent pelvic organs

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25
main types of vaginal fistulae
vesicovaginal - communication with bladder. urine enters vagina urethrovaginal - communication with urethra. urine enters vagina during urination rectovaginal - communication with rectum. faecal matter can enter vagina
26
cervix anatomical structure
ectocervix and Endocervical canal
27
ectocervix
portion of cervix that projects into vagina | lined by stratified squamous non-keratinised endothelium
28
External os
opening in ectocervix. Marks transition to Endocervical canal
29
endocervix
lined by mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium | Endocervical cnal ends, and the uterine cavity begins at internal os
30
Functions of cervix
Facilitates passage of sperm into uterine cavity - dilation of external and internal os Maintains sterility of upper female repro tract - protects uterine cavity and upper genital tract by preventing bacterial invasion - enviornment maintained by frequent wedding of endometrium, thick cervical mucus and a narrow external os.
31
Arterial supply of cervix
Uterine Artery
32
Venous drainage of cervix
plexus in borad ligament that drains into uterine veins
33
Lymphatic drainage of cervix
Iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes
34
uterus
secondary sex organ matures during puberty under influence of sex hormones produced by ovaries Responsible for maintenance and transportation of gametes.
35
Anatomical structure and location of uterus
thick-walled muscular organ capable of expansion to accommodate growing foetus Connected distally to vagina, and laterally to uterine tubes Anteverted with respect to vagina
36
histological structure of uterus
peritoneum - double layered membrane - continuous with abdo peritoneum myometrium - thick smooth muscle layer - undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy in preparation to expel foetus at birth endometrium - inner mucous membrane lining uterus - deep stratum basalis - superficial stratum functionalis: proliferates in response to oestrogen & becomes secretory in response to progesterone, Shed during menstruation
37
ligaments of uterus
``` broad ligament round ligament ovarian ligament cardinal ligament uterosacral ligament ```
38
broad ligament of uterus
double layer of peritoneum attaching sides of uterus to pelvis acts as mesentery for uterus and contributes to maintaining it in position
39
round ligament of uterus
remnant of gubernaculum extending from uterine horns to labia major via inguinal canal functions to maintain anteverted position of uterus
40
ovarian ligament of uterus
joins ovaries to uterus
41
cardinal ligament of uterus
located at base of broad ligament extends from cervix to lateral pelvic walls contains uterine artery and vein in addition to providing support to uterus
42
uterosacral ligament of uterus
extends from cervix to sacrum | provides support to uterus
43
Blood supply of uterus
uterine artery
44
venous drainage of uterus
plexus in broad ligament that drains into uterine veins
45
lymphatic drainage of uterus
iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes
46
innervation of uterus
sympathetic nerve fibres: uterovaginal plexus parasympthetic fibres: pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4) afferent fibres mostly ascend through inferior hypogastric plexus to enter spinal cord via T10-T12 and L1 nerve fibres
47
Fallopian tubes
lie in upper border of broad ligament, extending laterally from uterus, opening into abdo cavity, near ovaries
48
Functions of Fallopian tubes
assist in transfer and transport of ovum from ovary to uterus
49
How does fallopian structure help movement of female gamete
Inner mucosa is lined with ciliated columnar epithelial cells and peg cells (non-ciliated secretory cells). Waft ovum towards uterus and supply it with nutrients. smooth muscle layer contracts to assist with transportation of ova nd sperm. Muscle sensitive to sex steroid- peristalsis is greatest when oestrogen levels are high
50
Anatomical structure of Fallopian tubes
fimbriae - finger-like, ciliated projection which captures ovum from surface of ovary infundibulum -funnel-shaped opening near ovary to which fimbriae are attached ampulla - widest section of uterine tubes - fertilisation occurs here Isthmus - narrow section of uterine tubes connecting ampulla to uterine cavity
51
Arterial supply of Fallopian tubes
uterine and ovarian arteries
52
Venous drainage of Fallopian tubes
uterine and ovarian veins
53
Lymphatic drainage of Fallopian tubes
Iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes
54
Innervation of Fallopian tubes
Sympathetic and parasympathetic via nerve fibres from ovarian and uterine (pelvic) plexuses Sensory afferent fibres run from T11-L1
55
ovaries
female gonads develop within mesonephric ridge and descend through abdomen Paired, oval organs attached to posterior surface of broad ligament of uterus by mesovarium.
56
main functions of ovaries
produce oocytes in preparation for fertilisation produce sex steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, in response to pituitary Gonadotropins (LH and FSH)
57
Components of ovary
Surface - simple cuboidal epithelium Underlying this layer: dense connective tissue capsule Cortex - connective tissue stroma and numerous ovarian follicles Each follicle contains oocyte, surrounded by single layer of follicular cells medulla -formed by loose connective tissue and a rich neuromuscular network- enters via hilum of ovary
58
ligaments of ovary
2 peritoneal ligaments - suspensory ligament of ovary - ligament of ovary
59
suspensory ligament of ovary
fold of peritoneum extending from mesovarium to pelvic wall | contains neuromuscular structures
60
ligament of ovary (a peritoneal ligament)
extends from ovary to fungus of uterus | continues from uterus to connective tissue of labia magus, as round ligament of uterus
61
Main arterial supply of ovary
paired ovarian arteries (arise from abdominal aorta) Also contribution from uterine arteries
62
Venous drainage of ovary
paired ovarian veins Left ovarian vein drains into left renal vein Right ovarian vein drains directly into IVC
63
Ovary innervation
Sympathetic- ovarian plexus Parasympathetic- uterine plexus nerves reach ovaries via suspensory ligament of the ovary- to enter ovary at hilum
64
Lymphatic drainage of ovaries
drains into para-aortic nodes

3- Reproduction (15 decks)

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