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Pelvis Flashcards

Anatomy: Pelvis res & Bones (57 cards)

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1
Q

perineum

A

located between the thighs nd represents most inferior part of pelvic outlet.

Contains structures that support the urogenital and gastrointestinal systems,

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2
Q

anatomical boundaries of perineum

A 
Anterior; pubic symphysis 
posterior: tip of coccyx
laterally: inferior pubic rami and inferior ischial rami and sacrotuberous ligament 
Roof: pelvic floor
Base: skin and fascia
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3
Q

boundaries of anal triangle

A

Coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament and line between ischial tuberosities

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4
Q

Contents of nail triangle

A

Anal aperture.
External anal sphincter muscle
Ischioanal fossa (fat & connective tissue. Extend from skin of anal region to pelvic diaphragm)

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5
Q

Nerve supply of perineum

A

pudendal nerve: supplies whole perineum with somatic fibres

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6
Q

Urogenital triangle boundaries

A

pubic symphysis
ischiopubic rami
line between ischial tuberosities

Associated with structures of urogenital system: external genitalia and urethra

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7
Q

Layers of urogenital triangle

A 
deep perineal pouch 
perineal membrane
superficial peroneal pouch 
perineal fascia 
skin
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8
Q

Deep perineal pouch

A

potential space between deep fascia of pelvic floor and perineal membrane

Contains urethra, external urethral sphincter and vagina

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9
Q

Perineal membrane

A

layer of tough fascia, perforated by urethra and vagina

provides attachment for muscles of external genitalia

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10
Q

superficial perineal pouch

A

potential space between perineal membrane and superficial perineal fascia

Contains erectile tissue that forms clitoris.

Muscles: ischiocavernosis, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles

Location of Bartholin’s glands

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11
Q

Perineal fascia

A

continuity of abdominal fascia that has 2 components: superficial and deep fascia

Deep fascia; coverei superficial perineal muscles and protruding structures
Superficial fascia has superficial and deep layer

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12
Q

Skin of urogenital triangle

A

urethral and vaginal orifices open out onto skin

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13
Q

perineal body

A

irregular fibromuscular masss
located at junction of urogenital and anal triangles.
contains skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and collagenous and elastic fibres

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14
Q

Perineal body- attachments

A

Acts as a point of attachment for muscle fibres from pelvic floor and perineum itself

  • levator ani
  • bulbospongiosus muscle
  • superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
  • external anal sphincter muscles
  • external urethral sphincter muscle fibres
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15
Q

perineal body function

A

Point of attachment

Tear resistant body between vagina and external anal sphincter

Supports posterior part of vaginal wall against prolapse

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16
Q

perineum neuromuscular supply

A 
Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
Internal pudendal nerve
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17
Q

sciatic foramen

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen,
2 openings in posterior aspect of pelvis

Separated by Sacrospinous ligament

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18
Q

greater sciatic foramen

A

provides passageway for structures to pass from pelvis into gluteal region

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19
Q

greater sciatic foramen borders

A

superior: anterior sacroiliac ligament
posteromedial: sacrotuberous ligament

Anterolateral: greater sciatic notch of ilium

Inferior: Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine

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20
Q

contents of greater sciatic foramen

A

divided into 2 by piriformis muscle

Suprapiriform

  • superior gluteal artery and nerve
  • superior gluteal nerve

Infrapiriform foramen

  • sciatic nerve
  • pudendal nerve
  • inferior gluteal artery and vein
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • nerve to obturator interns
  • nerve to quadratus femoris
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21
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen

A

provide a communication between perineum of pelvis and gluteal region.
Lies inferiorly to pelvic floor.

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22
Q

lesser sciatic foramen borders

A

superior; Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine

Anterior: ischial spin, lesser sciatic notch, and ischial tuberosity

Posterior: sacrotuberous ligament

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23
Q

contents of lesser sciatic foramen

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A

internal pudendal artery and vein
pudendal nerve
obturator interns tendon
nerve to obturator internis

24
Q

articulations of hip bone

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A

sacroiliac joint
pubic symphysis
hip joint

25
composition of hip bone
ilium, pubic and ischium Form cup-shaped socket-> acetabulum, Head of femur articulates with acetabulum-> hip joint
26
triradiate cartilage
separates ilium, pubis and ischium | Fusion only begins 15-17
27
what does body of ilium form
superior part of the acetabulum (acetabular roof).
28
Surfaces of wing of ilium
Inner surface: concave shape, produces iliac fossa External surface: convex shape, attachments to gluteal muscles Superior margin is thickened -> forming iliac crest.
29
Indentation on posterior aspect of ilium
greater sciatic notch
30
pubis
most anterior portion of hip bone | Consists of a body, superior ramus and inferior ramps
31
pubic body
located medially Articulated with opposite pubic body at pubic symphysis Superior aspect is marked by rounded thickening (pubic crest), extends laterally as tubercle
32
superior pubic ramus
extends laterally from body to form part of acetabulum
33
inferior pubic ramus
projects towards ischium
34
ischium
forms posteroinferior part of the hip bone, | Composed of body, inferior ramus and superior ramus
35
posteromedial projection of bone near junction of superior ramps and body
ischial spine
36
Ligaments attached to ischium
Sacrospinous | sacrotuberous
37
pelvic girdle
2 hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
38
articulations within pelvis
sacroiliac joints sacrococcygeal symphysis pubic symphysis
39
functions of pelvis
transfer of weight from upper axial skeleton to lower appendicular components of skeleton provide attachment for several muscles and ligaments used in locomotion contains and protects abdominopelvic and pelvic viscera
40
Greater pelvis
false pelvis located superiorly provides support of lower abdo viscera
41
lesser pelvis
true pelvis located inferiorly within lesser pelvis reside pelvic cavity nd pelvic visceral
42
junction between greater and lesser pelvis
pelvic inlet
43
pelvic inlet (+ borders)
marks boundary between greater and lesser pelvis Determines size and shape of birth canal Posterior: sacral promontory and sacral wings lateral: arcuate lines on inner surface of ilium, and pectineal line on superior pubic ramus anterior: pubic symphysis
44
Pelvic outlet (+borders)
located at end of lesser pelvis, and beginning of pelvic wall Posterior: tip of coccyx lateral: ischial tuberosities and inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament anterior: pubic arch
45
Adaptation for childbirth
gynaecoid pelvis - oval-shaped inlet - Less prominent ischial spines - greater angled sub-pubic arch - shorter and more curved sacrum
46
Sacrum
large bone located at terminal part of vertebral canal
47
bony landmarks of sacrum
formed by fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae base: articulates superiorly with fifth lumbar vertebrae and assoc. intervertebral disc apex: coccyx auricular surface: located internally
48
dorsal surface of sacrum
coarse and rugged central ridge of bone: median sacral crest Immediate sacral crest Lateral sacral crest
49
Median sacral crest attachment
supraspinous ligament
50
immediate sacral crest attachment
posterior sacroiliac ligaments
51
Lateral sacral crestattachment
posterior sacroiliac ligaments and sacrotuberous ligament
52
pelvic surface of sacrum
sacral promontory - anterior projection of bone - forms posterior margin of pelvic inlet
53
Muscular attachments of sacrum (anterior surface)
Piriformis COccygeus Illiacus
54
Muscular attachments of sacrum (posterior surface)
Multifidus lumborum | Erector spinal
55
vasculature of sacrum
median sacral artery (continuation of abdominal aorta) lateral sacral arteries (arise from internal iliac artery) -supply meninges, sacrum and surrounding muscles
56
coccyx joints
articulates with sacrum at fibrocartilaginous joint: sacrococcygeal symphysis limited to minor flexion and extension, occurs passively during defecation & labour
57
Coccyx attachments
Gluteus maximus levator ani anococcygeal raphe

3- Reproduction (15 decks)

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