Feminism Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Feminism?
backing of women’s rights on the grounds of pol, soc, econ equality to men
1st Wave
mid C19 - 1920
women’s suffrage & prop rights
seneca rights convention in 1848 = start
secured votes for women
2nd Wave
1960s - early 1980s
equality & anti-discrimination, culture inequalities, gender norms, role of women
Equal Pay Act Roe V Wade (overturned)
3rd Wave
mid 1990s - 2010s
contin of 2nd as a response to its percieved failures e.g contin to fight sexual harras at work & lack of women in power
4th Wave
mid 2010s -
intersectionality, body positivity, trans inclusivity (new ruling suggests going backwards)
Liberal Feminism
concern = trad GR div in fam, media, edu - masc = dom fem subordinates
Oakley - sub of women in workplace stems from suboord of women at home
Sharpe - coming to an end
= optimistic view of future - dual £ fams
Criticisms of Liberal Feminism
X acknow women’s expers differ
although evi suggests masc & fem = social construc - doesn’t expl why men dom
Marxist Feminism
concerned w/ womens subord = link to cap soc
Beechy & Ansley
Criticisms of Marxist Feminism
reserve army of labour idea criticism bc ignores mens jobs & womens jobs
implies once cap has disappeared gender inequal will also disappear - ignores patri concept
Radical Feminism
gen inequal m NB than class
patri - women exploi & oppres by men in all aspect of soc life - comes from intimacy X wider soc
personal = pol - personal relas based on dif & unequal amounts of power
look at mens use of sex viol
patri defis of womens sexuality used to control women for men
Criticisms of Radical Feminism
X acknow historical changes
fail to think about class & ethn divisions
Black fems - = ethno
Black Feminism
pol & soc movement focusing on multidimensional aspects of oppression of Black women
Intersectional Feminism
acknows dif forms of discrim don’t occur sep - those w/ sev dif marg idens have unique exper - Black women = black & women
Dual System Approach
seeks to combine patri & cap - sex-gender system & econ system
patri cap - Hartmann (1979) sees cap & patri as 2 intertwined systems that form 1eg dom work limits womens ops for £ work but lack of oppur drives to mar
Delphy (1977) argues housegold = underrated & NB place of work - hw = dom mode of prod men dom bc have m econ power
Walby (1990) cap & patri combo to exploi women - evolu of priv patri - public patri - women in world of work but = disadvan - acknows inequals change overtime & dif women affected dif
Criticisms of Feminism
not much agreement between fems on how patri = defi
if patri = uni then must = bio eg women m be dependent during pregnancy/childbirth
Delamont (2001) many m divisions (class, income, ethn relig)
fail to take into account womens m powerful pos today
Post Feminism
fem X needed women largely have equal - Faludi (1992) fem = too crit of men - created male backlash - undermined fem movement
Abans fem grand theories & adopts PM approach - believe range of mascs & fems exist X gen patri/women
Equality Feminism
goal = androgynous ideal which men & women = equal partners - sym division of labour - want gender equality
Difference Feminism
men & women fundamen dif - bring dif v’s & quals to rela - esp raising children - assoc w/ view women = superior
Preference Theory
Hakim (2000) gender & work - women have m choices bc of contra etc
respond to choices dif - 20% = home cen, 60% = adaptive - combo work & fam, 20% = work cen
creates conflict between women - men = work centred so little conflict & contin dom
Scott (2008)
supports Hakim
sup for gen equal dec bc concerns of women’s careers taking priority over fam life - however alse dec in women thinking it solely their place to look after children & men to work
