Femoral Triangle

Question 1

Floor of the femoral triangle contains what?

Answer 1

Pectineus and iliopsoas muscle

Question 2

Roof of the femoral triangle contains what?

Answer 2

Fascia lata

Question 3

Contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 3

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space with deep inguinal lymph nodes (femoral canal)

mnemonic = NAVEL (going towards the navel)

Question 4

Boundaries of the femoral triangle

Answer 4

Lateral border = Sartorius
Medial border = adductor longus
Base = inguinal ligament

Question 5

Femoral sheath

Answer 5

Funnel shaped continuation of transversalis fascia

Question 6

The femoral sheath encloses what part of the femoral vessel and canal?

Answer 6

The proximal part

Question 7

Femoral sheath ends how far distally to the inguinal ligament?

Answer 7

4-10 cm

Question 8

Femoral ring

Answer 8

The space that allows the femoral vein to distend in situations of hypertension and increased venous return. q

Question 9

What 2 things may you find in the femoral ring?

Answer 9

1. ) Deep inguinal lymph nodes

2. ) Potential opening for a hernia

Question 10

Femoral hernia

Answer 10

protrusion of abdominal viscera (often a loop of small intes- tine) through the femoral ring into the femoral canal.

Question 11

Why do most inguinal hernias occur in males?

Answer 11

inguinal hernias (approximately 86%) occur in males because of the passage of the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal

Question 12

What percentage of hernias are indirect hernias?

Answer 12

2/3

Question 13

Do males have more inguinal or femoral hernias?

Answer 13

inguinal

Question 14

Do females have more inguinal or femoral hernias?

Answer 14

(f)emoral

Question 15

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 15

protrusion through the inguinal ring and result of the failure of embryonic closure of the processes vaginalis after the testicle passes through it. This is congenital

Question 16

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 16

enters through a weak point in the fascia of the abdominal wall (hesselbach triangle)

Question 17

Inguinal lymph nodes drain from where?

Answer 17

lower limb (gluteal region), perineum & anal canal, anterior abdominal wall up to umbillicus

Question 18

Two groups of inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 18

Superficial and deep

Question 19

Two types of superficial lymph nodes

Answer 19

Proximal (horizontal) and distal (vertical)

Question 20

Proximal (horizontal) superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 20

Lie in the superficial fascia 1 cm inferior to the inguinal ligament. Drain into the external iliac lymph nodes

Question 21

Distal (vertical) superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 21

Lie along each side of the great saphenous vein. Drain into the external iliac lymph nodes

Question 22

Where does the great saphenous vein meet with the femoral vein?

Answer 22

In the saphenous opening

Question 23

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 23

1-3 nodes which lie along the femoral vein inside the femoral sheath or canal. Drain into the external iliac lymph nodes

Question 24

Femoral nerve

Answer 24

Largest branch of the lumbar plexus

Question 25

Where does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?

Answer 25

Just lateral to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and lateral to the femoral vessels

Question 26

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

Answer 26

Sartorius, Quadriceps femoris, Illiacus, and Pectineus mnemonic = Some Questions I Ponder

Question 27

Meralgia paresthetica

Answer 27

compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament. It causes pain along the lateral thigh

Question 28

Saphenous nerve

Answer 28

The distal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve that accompanies the femoral vessels

Question 29

Where the the saphenous nerve become superficial?

Answer 29

between sartorius and gracilis

Question 30

What does the saphenous nerve supply?

Answer 30

The anterior and medial knee and leg and the medial foot.

Question 31

Adductor canal

Answer 31

Intermuscular passage or fascial tunnel that contains the superficial femoral artery, femoral vein, and branches of the femoral nerve

Question 32

Where does the adductor canal begin and end

Answer 32

Begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus

Question 33

Adductor hiatus

Answer 33

Opening in tendon of adductor Magnus. Femoral vessels reach the popliteal fossa via this archway

Question 34

What artery is the chief arterial supply to the lower limb?

Answer 34

Femoral artery

Question 35

The femoral artery gives rise to what?

Answer 35

The descending genicular artery (around the knee)

Question 36

The descending genicular artery gives rise to what branches?

Answer 36

Articular and saphenous branch

Question 37

Profunda Femoris supplies what?

Answer 37

The proximal femur

Question 38

What does profunda femoris give rise to?

Answer 38

The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Question 39

Medial circumflex femoral artery supplies what?

Answer 39

It is the primary supply to the femoral head and neck

Question 40

Lateral circumflex femoral artery supplies what? What are its 3 branches?

Answer 40

Lateral thigh muscles and femur head. Ascending, transverse, and descending

Question 41

The great saphenous vein can be used for what?

Answer 41

Venous access and coronary bypass surgery

Question 42

Saphenous cutdown

Answer 42

Removing a piece of the saphenous vein for access to the venous system. During this procedure the saphenous nerve may be nicked which results in numbness of the medial border of the foot.

Question 43

Originating site of a femoral hernia

Answer 43

The femoral ring

Question 44

Why are femoral hernias more common in females?

Answer 44

Wider pelvis