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Question 1

Question: When reporting on supplementary information required by a designated accounting standard setter, presented with the basic financial statements, what should the auditor of a nonissuer do?

A. Include a separate report section that references the required supplementary information.
B. Include a reference to the required supplementary information in the opinion paragraph.
C. Include an emphasis-of-matter paragraph that references the required supplementary information.
D. Make no reference to the required supplementary information in the report.

Answer 1

Correct Answer: A. Include a separate report section that references the required supplementary information.

Explanation: The audit report for nonissuers must contain a separate section with the heading “Required Supplementary Information” when it includes reporting on required supplementary information presented alongside the basic financial statements. This distinct section ensures clarity and compliance with auditing standards, properly addressing the auditor’s responsibility regarding the supplementary information without altering the main opinion paragraph of the audit report. Options B, C, and D do not align with the standards for reporting on required supplementary information and thus are incorrect choices for handling such information in an audit report for nonissuers.

Question 2

Question: Under which of the following circumstances would an auditor most likely include an emphasis-of-matter paragraph in the audit report without modifying the auditor’s unmodified opinion?

A. Management’s estimates of the effects of future events are deemed unreasonable.
B. Certain transactions cannot be audited due to management’s records retention policy.
C. To highlight a material but justified change in accounting principle.
D. The auditor is only engaged to audit the balance sheet, not the other basic financial statements.

Answer 2

Correct Answer: C. To highlight a material but justified change in accounting principle.

Explanation: An emphasis-of-matter paragraph is used by auditors to draw attention to matters that are disclosed in the financial statements and are of such importance that they are fundamental to users’ understanding of the financial statements, such as a material but justified change in accounting principle. This addition to the audit report does not affect the auditor’s unmodified opinion on the financial statements.

Choice “A” is incorrect because if management’s estimates are unreasonable and materially misstate the financial statements, the auditor should not retain an unmodified opinion but rather express a qualified or an adverse opinion.
Choice “B” is incorrect because limitations on the scope of the audit, whether due to actions by management or other circumstances, might lead the auditor to qualify the opinion or disclaim an opinion, rather than adding an emphasis-of-matter paragraph without modifying the opinion.
Choice “D” is incorrect because auditing only the balance sheet does not inherently require an emphasis-of-matter paragraph; the need for such a paragraph depends on the matter’s relevance and disclosure in the financial statements, not on the scope of the financial statements audited.

Question 3

Question: To ensure that an entity’s financial statements are presented fairly in conformity with the applicable financial reporting framework, which of the following is NOT a requirement for the principles selected?

A. The principles must be applied on a basis consistent with those followed in the prior year.
B. The principles must present information in the financial statements that is classified and summarized in a reasonable manner.
C. The principles must reflect transactions in a manner that presents the financial statements within a range of acceptable limits.
D. The principles must be appropriate in the circumstances for the particular entity.

Answer 3

Correct Answer: A. The principles must be applied on a basis consistent with those followed in the prior year.
解释：为了使财务报表被认为是按照适用的财务报告框架公允列报的，严格来说，会计原则的应用不一定要与上一年保持一致。虽然为了可比性，通常希望会计原则的应用保持一致，但会计原则可能会发生变化。当出现这种变化时，必须根据财务报告框架对其进行适当的说明和披露。因此，重点是确保任何变动都是透明的，不会误导财务报表的使用者。

• 选择 “B “**是错误的，因为所选择的原则确实必须在财务报表中以合理分类和汇总的方式呈现信息。
• 选择 “C “**是错误的，因为所选择的原则必须以在可接受范围内的方式反映交易，以确保财务报表的公允性和可靠性。
• 选择 “D “**不正确，因为所选择的原则必须适合特定实体的情况，确保财务报表准确反映实体的财务状况和业绩。

Question 4

Question: An Auditor’s Responsibility and Misstated Financial Statements Due to Fraud
Question:
An auditor issued an unmodified opinion on financial statements that were materially misstated due to fraud. Which statement is true regarding the auditor’s responsibility?

Options:

A. The auditor should not issue an unmodified opinion if all three fraud risk factors are present.

B. The auditor is not responsible for the wrong opinion if the client hid the fraud.

C. The auditor has met their responsibility if they did not observe any fraud risk factors.

D. The auditor has fulfilled their duty if the audit was properly planned and performed, including assessing the risk of fraud.

Answer 4

Explanation:
Correct Answer: D - The auditor’s main duty is to plan and conduct the audit to reasonably assure that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. This process includes assessing the risk of material misstatement because of fraud.

A is incorrect because the presence of fraud risk factors alone doesn’t automatically mean that an unmodified opinion shouldn’t be issued; it’s about how those risks are addressed.
B is incorrect as the auditor’s responsibility isn’t waived even if the client conceals fraud.
C is incorrect because not observing fraud risk factors doesn’t guarantee the absence of fraud risk; the key is whether the audit was appropriately planned and conducted.

Question 5

A CPA’s report on audited financial statements under U.S. auditing standards would be inappropriate if it referred to:
A. Management’s responsibility for the financial statements.
B. Evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used.
C. Significant estimates made by management.
D. The CPA’s assessment of sampling risk factors.

Answer 5

Explanation
Choice “D” is correct. The CPA’s report on audited financial statements does not include matters related to the auditor’s
assessment of specific risk factors.
Choice “A” is incorrect. The CPA’s report on audited financial statements includes an explanation that management is
responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements.
Choices “B” and “C” are incorrect. The CPA’s audit includes evaluating the appropriateness of the accounting policies used
and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
presentation of the financial statements. This is mentioned in the auditor’s responsibility paragraph.

审计报告的目的是向读者传达审计结果，包括财务报表是否公平地反映了公司的财务状况，而不是详细介绍审计过程中的每一项风险评估。因此，审计报告通常包括以下内容：

管理层对财务报表的责任声明。
CPA对审计结果的意见，例如财务报表是否公平呈现了公司的财务状况。
对使用的会计政策和管理层的重大估计的评估。
审计报告不会具体提到CPA对取样风险因素的评估，因为这属于审计计划和执行的内部过程，而不是审计结果的一部分。

Question 6

In an auditor’s report for a nonissuer, where does the auditor describe the type of work done and which financial statements were audited?

Options:

A. Emphasis-of-matter section
B. Scope section
C. Basis for Opinion section
D. Opinion section

Answer 6

Explanation:
Correct Answer: D - The Opinion section of the auditor’s report outlines the type of audit engagement, specifies the financial statements audited, the entity’s name, and the financial statement dates. This section communicates the nature of the engagement and the scope of the financial statements covered by the audit.

A is incorrect because Emphasis-of-matter paragraphs highlight significant matters that are already presented or disclosed in the financial statements, without affecting the auditor’s opinion.

B is incorrect as there is no specific “scope” paragraph in the audit report for a nonissuer; such details are integrated into other sections of the report.

C is incorrect because the Basis for Opinion section discusses the standards followed during the audit, auditor’s independence, and the auditor’s assessment of the evidence obtained, rather than detailing the engagement or financial statements audited.

Question 7

The opinion paragraph in an auditor’s report for a nonissuer should include a statement that:
A: Includes the word independent to clearly indicate that the report is from an independent auditor.
B. Describes the auditor’s responsibility for expressing an opinion on the financial statements.
C. Identifies the applicable financial reporting framework and its origin.
D. Indicates that management is responsible for the fair presentation of the financial statements.

Answer 7

Correct Answer: C - The opinion paragraph should include the auditor’s opinion on the financial statements and identify the applicable financial reporting framework and its origin. This clarifies the basis of the auditor’s opinion regarding the financial statements.

A is incorrect because the auditor’s independence is typically stated in the report’s title, not within the opinion paragraph.

B is incorrect as the auditor’s responsibility to express an opinion on the financial statements is described in a separate paragraph dedicated to the auditor’s responsibilities, not in the opinion paragraph.

D is incorrect because the management’s responsibility for the fair presentation of the financial statements is outlined in a separate paragraph that discusses management’s responsibilities, not within the opinion paragraph.

Question 8

Question:
A client refuses to adjust financial statements for auditor’s proposed changes that are collectively not material and requests the auditor to issue a report based on these numbers. What is correct regarding the financial statement presentation?

Options:

A. The financial statements are considered free from material misstatement, and no additional disclosure is needed.

B. The financial statements have unadjusted errors that should lead to a qualified opinion.

C. The financial statements do not adhere to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

D. The financial statements are free from material misstatement, but the adjustments must be disclosed in the notes.

Answer 8

Explanation:
Correct Answer: A - If the cumulative effect of the unadjusted changes is immaterial to the financial statements, the auditor can issue an unmodified (unqualified) opinion. There is no requirement to disclose immaterial adjustments in the financial statement notes, as they are not considered to significantly impact the fair presentation of the financial condition.

B is incorrect because a qualified opinion is issued when there are material misstatements that are not pervasive. In this case, since the adjustments are not material, an unmodified opinion is appropriate.

C is incorrect because financial statements are deemed to adhere to GAAP if they are free from material misstatement, even if immaterial adjustments are not made.

D is incorrect because the requirement for disclosure in the notes applies to material information. Immaterial adjustments do not necessitate note disclosure for the financial statements to be considered fairly presented.

Question 9

When a PCAOB auditing standard indicates that an auditor “could” perform a specific procedure, how should the auditor decide
whether and how to perform the procedure?
A. By evaluating whether the audit is likely to be subject to inspection by the PCAOB.
B. By soliciting input from the issuer’s audit committee.
C. By exercising professional judgment in the circumstances.
D. By comparing the PCAOB standard with related AICPA auditing standards.

Answer 9

Explanation
Choice “C” is correct. The words “may,” “might,” and “could” describe actions and procedures that auditors have a
responsibility to consider. Matters described in this fashion require the auditor’s attention and understanding. How and
whether the auditor implements these matters in the audit will depend on the exercise of professional judgment in the
circumstances consistent with the objectives of the standard.
Choice “A” is incorrect. Whether the audit is likely to be subject to inspection by the PCAOB should not be a factor on the
auditor’s decision to perform a procedure.
Choice “B” is incorrect. The auditor should not solicit input from the issuer’s audit committee, as audit procedure decisions
need to be made by the auditor.
Choice “D” is incorrect. “Could” does not mean that the auditor should compare the PCAOB standard with the related AICPA
standards.标准的目的不同：PCAOB标准和AICPA（美国注册会计师协会）标准虽然在很多方面是相似的，但它们服务的目标群体不同。PCAOB主要针对公开交易公司的审计，而AICPA标准适用于广泛的审计环境，包括非公开交易的公司和其他组织。因此，直接比较两套标准并不总是适用于决定执行特定审计程序的必要性。

Question 10

When financial statements contain a departure from U.S. GAAP because, due to unusual circumstances, the statements would
otherwise be misleading, the auditor should express an opinion that is:
A. Adverse.
B. Qualified or adverse, depending on pervasiveness.
C. Qualified.
D. Unmodified.

Answer 10

Explanation
Choice “D” is correct. When circumstances indicate that a financial presentation in accordance with U.S. GAAP would be
misleading, a departure from U.S. GAAP is permissible. In such cases, the auditor should issue an unmodified opinion
because the financial statements are not materially misstated.
Choices “C”, “A”, and “B” are incorrect. The auditor’s opinion need not be qualified or adverse because the financial
statements are presented fairly.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is a basic element of the auditor’s report under U.S. auditing standards?
A. An audit includes evaluating the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management.
B. The financial statements are consistent with those of the prior period.
C. The auditor evaluated the overall internal control.
D. The disclosures provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatement.

Answer 11

Explanation
Choice “A” is correct. Under U.S. auditing standards, the auditor’s audit report includes a statement that: “In performing an
audit in accordance with GAAS, we evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of
significant accounting estimates made by management…”
選項D正确的表述应该强调审计师的目标是获取关于财务报表整体是否免于重大错报的合理保证，而不是专门针对披露部分的保证。

Question 12

An auditor is unable to complete a procedure during an audit. Based on this situation, which opinion is least likely to be
rendered?
A. A disclaimer of opinion.
B. A qualified opinion.
C. An adverse opinion.
D. An unmodified opinion.

Answer 12

Explanation
Choice “C” is correct. An adverse opinion is rendered when there is a departure from GAAP, which is not the case
in this question.
现在，假设在另一个审计项目中，审计师试图验证某项重要的财务数据，但由于客户无法提供足够的支持文件，审计师无法完成这个审计程序。在这种情况下，审计师首先会尝试执行替代的审计程序来获取所需的审计证据。如果替代程序也无法执行，审计师可能面临无法获取足够适当审计证据的情况。

如果未能完成的程序仅影响财务报表的一部分，并且这部分不足以导致整体报表的不公平呈现，审计师可能发表保留意见而不是反对意见。
如果问题普遍到足以影响审计师对整个财务报表的判断，且无法通过其他方式获得足够的审计证据，审计师可能选择发表免责声明，而不是反对意见。反对意见是针对财务报表中存在的广泛且重大的不公平表述，而不是审计过程中的具体执行障碍。

Question 13

Which of the following phrases would an auditor of a nonissuer most likely include in the auditor’s report when
expressing a qualified opinion due to inadequate disclosure?
A. Do not present fairly.
B. Except for the omission of the information described in the basis for qualified opinion section.
C. Subject to the departure from generally accepted accounting principles, as described above.
D. With the foregoing explanation of these omitted disclosures.

Answer 13

Explanation
Choice “B” is correct. When inadequate disclosure has a material but not pervasive effect on the financial
statements, the auditor’s opinion should state “In our opinion, except for the omission of the information described
in the basis for qualified opinion section of our report…”
Choice “A” is incorrect. The statement “do not present fairly” would be used in an adverse opinion, not a qualified
opinion.

Question 14

Under which of the following circumstances would an auditor most likely issue either a qualified or a disclaimer of
opinion?
A. The financial statements contain an immaterial departure from generally accepted accounting principles
(GAAP).
B. There is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.
C. The auditor performed alternative substantive procedures to provide adequate assurance due to missing
documentation.
D. The client’s attorney refused to respond to the letter of audit inquiry.

Answer 14

Explanation
Choice “D” is correct. The refusal of a client’s attorney to respond to an audit inquiry letter is an example of a
scope limitation. The auditor must use professional judgment in determining whether that scope limitation warrants
a qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion.
Choice “A” is incorrect. If the financial statements contain an immaterial departure from GAAP, an unmodified
opinion still may be used. When the issue reaches a material level, the auditor would consider using a different
opinion such as qualified, adverse, or a disclaimer.

Question 15

An auditor’s report under U.S. auditing standards that refers to a scope limitation that is material but not pervasive
contains the words, “In our opinion, except for the below-mentioned limitation on the scope of our audit. …” This is
considered a(n):
A. Qualified opinion
B. Example of inappropriate wording
C. Disclaimer of opinion
D. Adverse opinion

Answer 15

Explanation
Choice “B” is correct. 如果审计师说“除了（Except for）”，这通常意味着他们对大部分财务报表表示赞同，但对某一特定部分有保留。
如果问题是因为范围限制而不是财务报表本身错误，正确的做法是发表保留意见而不是直接否定整个报表。
审计报告不应直接说“因为审计范围的限制”，而是应该强调这种限制可能对财务报表造成的“可能影响”。 “In our opinion, except
for the possible effects of the matter described in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section ….”

范围限制（Scope Limitation）：当审计师无法获取足够适当的审计证据，且该限制对审计的影响是重大但非普遍时，会考虑发表保留意见（Qualified Opinion）。

Question 16

A scope limitation sufficient to preclude an unmodified opinion always will result when management:
A. Prevents the auditor from reviewing the audit documentation of the predecessor auditor.
B. Engages the auditor after the year-end physical inventory is completed.
C. Requests that certain material accounts receivable not be confirmed.
D. Refuses to acknowledge its responsibility for the fair presentation of the financial statements in conformity
with GAAP.

Answer 16

Correct Answer: D - Management’s refusal to acknowledge their responsibility for the fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) directly prevents the auditor from issuing a standard unmodified opinion. The acknowledgment of responsibility is a fundamental aspect of the management’s declaration needed for an unmodified opinion.

A is incorrect because not reviewing the predecessor auditor’s documentation is an issue related to engagement acceptance rather than a direct scope limitation for issuing an opinion.

B is incorrect as auditors can perform alternative procedures to verify inventory balances even if they were not present at the year-end inventory count.

C is incorrect because auditors can use alternative procedures to gather sufficient evidence about accounts receivable if confirmation is not possible.

Question 17

If a new retail client’s restrictions prevent an auditor from observing any physical inventories, which constitute 40% of the entity’s assets, and also affect the auditor’s ability to audit cost of goods sold, without any possible alternative auditing procedures, what type of opinion should the auditor express?

Options:

A. Unmodified opinion with an emphasis-of-matter paragraph.

B. Qualified opinion.

C. Disclaimer of opinion.

D. Adverse opinion.

Answer 17

Explanation:
Correct Answer: C - When an auditor cannot observe inventory or utilize alternative auditing procedures, especially when such inventory is a significant portion of the entity’s assets and affects crucial areas of the financial statements, a scope limitation is present. Given the materiality and pervasiveness of this issue, a disclaimer of opinion is warranted because the auditor lacks the necessary evidence to form an opinion on the financial statements.

A is incorrect because an unmodified opinion suggests the financial statements are presented fairly in all material respects, which is not achievable without sufficient audit evidence.

B is incorrect because a qualified opinion suggests that except for the effects of the matter to which the qualification relates, the financial statements are presented fairly. This situation’s impact is too significant for merely a qualification.

D is incorrect because an adverse opinion indicates that the financial statements do not present fairly the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. An adverse opinion is used for pervasive misstatements, not scope limitations.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about modifications to the independent auditor’s unmodified opinion report for a
nonissuer?
A. A disclaimer of opinion and an adverse opinion both include modification to the introductory paragraph.
B.An auditor would modify different paragraphs when rendering either a qualified opinion due to a departure from GAAP or an adverse opinion due to a departure from GAAP.
C. An auditor would modify the same paragraphs when rendering either a qualified opinion due to a departure
from GAAP or a qualified opinion due to a scope limitation.
D. Modifications to the independent auditor’s report result in qualified, adverse or negative assurance opinions,
or a disclaimer of opinion.

Answer 18

Explanation
Choice “C” is correct. A qualified opinion due to a scope limitation and a qualified opinion due to a GAAP departure
require modifications to both the Opinion section and the Basis for Opinion section of the auditor’s report.

Question 19

If a publicly held company issues financial statements that purport to present its financial position and results of
operations but omits the statement of cash flows, the auditor ordinarily will express a(an):
A. Disclaimer of opinion.
B. Review report.
C. Qualified opinion.
D. Unmodified opinion with an emphasis-of-matter paragraph.

Answer 19

选择不发表免责意见（Disclaimer of Opinion）而是选择发表保留意见（Qualified Opinion）的原因在于，免责意见通常是在审计师因为范围限制而无法获取足够适当的审计证据，并且因此无法判断财务报表是否整体上公平呈现，这种情况下可能对财务报表的整体公平呈现有重大且普遍的影响时发表的。范围限制通常涉及到审计师无法审查到足够的信息来形成对财务报表整体公平性的意见。

然而，在本例中，公司发行的财务报表省略了现金流量表。这被视为对一项特定财务报表组成部分的省略，而不是审计范围的限制。换句话说，审计师能够对财务报表的其他方面进行审计，但是财务报表因缺少现金流量表而未能完全符合一般公认会计原则（GAAP）。由于现金流量表是财务报表不可或缺的一部分，其缺失影响了财务报表的完整性和公平呈现，但这种情况并不导致审计师无法对财务报表的其他部分形成意见。

因此，当一家公司的财务报表省略了现金流量表这样一个重要组成部分时，审计师会发表保留意见（Qualified Opinion），而不是免责意见（Disclaimer of Opinion）。保留意见表明，除了因省略现金流量表而可能影响的财务报表部分外，财务报表整体上公平呈现了公司的财务状况和经营成果。这反映了一个具体的、非普遍性的问题，而不是审计范围的全面限制。

Question 20

Under which of the following circumstances would the expression of a disclaimer of opinion be inappropriate?
A. The company issues financial statements that purport to present financial position and results of operations, but refuses to include the related statement of cash flows.
B. The auditor is unable to determine the extent of or the amounts associated with a pervasive employee fraud scheme.
C. Management refuses to produce documentation verifying the ownership of its equipment and production facilities.
D. The chief financial officer and the chief executive officer are unwilling to sign the management representation letter.

Answer 20

选项A描述了公司拒绝包括现金流量表在其财务报表中。现金流量表是根据通用会计准则（GAAP）所要求的财务报表组成部分，对于完整的财务报表集合是必不可少的。因此，这种情况下的问题更多是关于财务报表的不完整性，而非审计证据的缺失。这种情况通常会导致保留意见（如果影响不普遍）或不利意见（如果影响普遍），而不是免责意见。
为什么“C”不是正确选择：
选项C涉及管理层拒绝提供验证其设备和生产设施所有权的文件。这种情况下，审计师因为无法获取到足够的适当审计证据来验证关键的财务信息而遇到了范围限制。当这种范围限制是普遍且重大的，且审计师因此无法对财务报表整体是否公平呈现形成意见时，发表免责意见可能是适当的。因此，如果管理层的拒绝行为导致了对财务报表重大部分的审计证据获取受阻，免责意见可能是恰当的反应。
总结：
选项“A”之所以是正确的，是因为它描述了财务报表的不完整性问题，这种问题通常不会导致免责意见，而是导致保留或不利意见。而选项“C”描述的是一种潜在的范围限制，这种情况下，如果影响普遍且重大，发表免责意见可能是适当的。然而，选择“A”而不是“C”的关键在于理解免责意见是针对审计证据获取受限的情况，而非财务报表某一部分的省略。

Question 21

When an auditor of a nonissuer expresses an adverse opinion, the Opinion section should include:
A. The principal effects of the departure from generally accepted accounting principles.
B. The substantive reasons for the financial statements being incorrect or misleading.
C. A direct reference to a separate section disclosing the basis for the opinion.
D. A description of the uncertainty or scope limitation that prevents an unmodified opinion.

Answer 21

选项C的详细说明：
“反对意见的基础”部分：这一部分是审计报告的核心，其中详细描述了审计发现的问题，以及这些问题为何导致财务报表不能公平地呈现公司的财务状况。这些问题可能包括对收入、费用、资产或负债的重大错误计量，或者对财务报表的误导性陈述。
意见段落中的引用：在意见段落中直接引用“反对意见的基础”部分，强调了审计师对财务报表整体公平呈现持反对立场的原因。这样做增加了报告的透明度，使利益相关者能够理解导致审计师发表反对意见的具体原因。
其他选项为何不正确：
选项A和选项B：虽然反对意见可能会讨论与GAAP偏离的主要影响以及财务报表错误或误导性的具体原因，但这些讨论通常包含在“反对意见的基础”部分中，而不是直接在意见段落中详细说明。
选项D：描述不确定性或范围限制通常与发表保留意见或免责声明有关，而不是反对意见。反对意见专注于财务报表中存在的重大且普遍的错误或误导性陈述，导致报表整体上不公平地呈现。

Question 22

Which of the following procedures is an auditor least likely to perform if material disclosures required by GAAP are
omitted?
A. Discuss the omission of such information with those charged with governance.
B. Discuss the omission of such information with management.
C. Disclose the omitted information in the notes to the financial statements.
D. Disclose the omitted information in the basis-for-modification paragraph.

Answer 22

Explanation
Choice “C” is correct. Management is responsible for the financial statements. The auditor may include information
within the auditor’s report, but may not include information within the financial statements and the related notes.
Choice “A” is incorrect. When material disclosures required by GAAP are omitted, the auditor should first discuss
the omission of such information with management. If necessary, the auditor should also discuss this with those
charged with governance.
Choice “B” is incorrect. When material disclosures required by GAAP are omitted, the auditor should first discuss
the omission with management.
Choice “D” is incorrect. When material disclosures required by GAAP are omitted, the auditor should disclose the
omitted information in the basis-for-modification paragraph.

Question 23

When an independent CPA assists in preparing the financial statements of a publicly held entity, but has not audited or
reviewed them, the CPA should issue a disclaimer of opinion. In such situations, the CPA has no responsibility to apply
any procedures beyond:
A. Determining whether management has elected to omit substantially all required disclosures.
B. Documenting that internal control is not being relied on.
C. Ascertaining whether the financial statements are in conformity with GAAP.
D. Reading the financial statements for obvious material misstatements.

Answer 23

为何选择D：
D选项指的是CPA在这种情况下所需进行的最基本水平的审查活动。即使CPA没有对财务报表进行审计或审查，他们也应当通过初步阅读来确认没有明显的重大错报。这是对财务报表进行最基本的质量控制，以确保其不含有明显的重大错误。
其他选项为何不正确：
A选项（确定管理层是否选择省略几乎所有必需的披露）：这通常是在审计或审查中考虑的事项，而在仅协助准备财务报表而不进行审计或审查的情况下，CPA无需深入到这种程度的审查。

B选项（记录不依赖内部控制）：在未审计或审查财务报表的情况下，CPA不需要对内部控制进行评估或记录其依赖性。

C选项（确定财务报表是否符合GAAP）：虽然确保财务报表符合GAAP是重要的，但在未进行审计或审查的情况下，CPA的职责不包括进行深入的GAAP一致性分析。

Question 24

Question:
Which statement is not true about an auditor’s responsibility regarding subsequent events?

Options:

A. The auditor must continue to make inquiries between the financial statements date and the auditor’s report date.

B. The auditor must keep making inquiries between the auditor’s report date and when the report is issued.

C. The auditor must continue inquiries between the financial statements date and when sufficient audit evidence is gathered.

D. The auditor does not need to continue inquiries after the auditor’s report date.

Answer 24

Explanation:
Correct Answer: B - An auditor does not have an active responsibility to make continuing inquiries after the auditor’s report date. The auditor’s responsibility for subsequent events primarily extends until the date of the auditor’s report, not beyond. Once the auditor’s report has been dated, the auditor’s responsibility for subsequent events and inquiries typically ceases, except under specific circumstances that might require the reopening of the audit.

A and C are incorrect because the auditor does have a responsibility to perform continuing inquiries up to the date of the auditor’s report and until sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained.

D is incorrect as it correctly states that the auditor does not have an active responsibility to make continuing inquiries after the date of the auditor’s report, but this is a true statement, not a false one regarding the auditor’s responsibilities.

Question 25

Question: What should a predecessor auditor do before reissuing their audit report for financial statements that will be presented alongside those audited by a different auditor? Options: A. Check board meeting minutes after the original audit report date. B. Update the reissued report's date to when extra procedures were done. C. Seek lawyer's advice on significant litigation after the report's original date. D. Get letters from the former client's management and the new auditor.

Answer 25

Correct Answer: D - Before reissuing an audit report, a predecessor auditor should obtain letters from both the management of the former client and the new auditor. These letters should confirm that no new audit findings have been made that would affect the financial statements the predecessor auditor reported on, and if there have been any subsequent events or changes in management's previous representations that would require the financial statements to be adjusted or disclosed differently.

Question 26

If a CPA completes audit fieldwork on August 13 for financial statements ending June 30, and learns of a significant event on August 27 that is properly disclosed in the notes, what is the CPA responsible for when dating the audit report August 27? Options: A. Only events up to August 13. B. Just the disclosed event on August 27. C. Events up to August 13 and the disclosed event on August 27. D. All events up to August 27.

Answer 26

Correct Answer: D - By dating the audit report August 27, the CPA assumes responsibility for all subsequent events up to that date, not just the event disclosed or events occurring up to the original fieldwork completion date.

Question 27

Under U.S. auditing standards, in which of the following situations would an auditor ordinarily issue an unmodified audit opinion without an emphasis-of-matter paragraph? A. The auditor decides to make reference to the audit of a component auditor as a basis, in part, for the auditor's opinion. B. The entity issues financial statements that present financial position and results of operations, but omits the statement of cash flows. C. The auditor wishes to emphasize that the entity had significant related party transactions. D. The auditor wants to draw attention to an uncertainty related to the outcome of unusually important litigation.

Answer 27

重大关联方交易（选项C）：当实体进行了重大的关联方交易，审计师可能会通过强调事项段落来特别指出这些交易，尤其是当这些交易对财务报表的理解非常重要时。 不确定性和重要诉讼（选项D）：当存在与未决诉讼或其他不确定性相关的事项，且这些事项对财务报表的影响重大时，审计师可能会使用强调事项段落来指出这种不确定性。这是为了确保财务报表的使用者意识到这些不确定性可能对实体的财务状况产生重大影响。 无需强调事项的情况： 参考组成部分审计师的审计工作（选项A）：当审计师在其审计意见中部分基于组成部分审计师的工作时，通常不需要加入强调事项段落。在这种情况下，审计师会在报告中适当修改，指出对某些财务报表部分的审计是由另一位审计师完成的，但这并不需要通过强调事项段落来特别指出。 不能发表无保留意见的情况： 省略现金流量表（选项B）：如果实体的财务报表省略了现金流量表，这通常会导致审计师发表有保留意见，因为现金流量表是根据一般公认会计原则（GAAP）要求的财务报表的一个重要组成部分。

Question 28

Subsequently discovered facts that lead to a change in an audit opinion may be presented in: 1. emphasis of matter paragraph 2. other matter paragraph

Answer 28

both 强调事项段落（Emphasis of Matter Paragraph） 作用：用来强调审计师认为使用财务报表的人员应当注意的事项，这些事项已在财务报表或注释中适当披露。它不用于介绍后来发现的事实。 记忆方法：将“强调事项”联想为在现有的路线图上加上一道亮光，提示“这里有看点”，但不改变路线本身。 其他事项段落（Other Matter Paragraph） 作用：用来报告与审计师报告相关但不是财务报表内容本身的事项，如审计范围的限制或审计报告使用的限制。 记忆方法：将“其他事项”想象成审计报告的“附录”，用来补充说明报告外的重要信息，但不直接涉及财务数据的调整或财务报表的重新解释。

Question 29

A nonissuer changes from an accounting principle not in accordance with the applicable reporting framework to an accounting principle in accordance with the applicable reporting framework. How should the auditor characterize such a change? A. As a change in reporting entity. B. As a change in accounting principle. C. As a correction of a misstatement. D. As a change in classification.

Answer 29

Explanation Choice "C" is correct. Because the original accounting principle was not in accordance with the applicable reporting framework, the change is considered the correction of a previous misstatement. The auditor would need to evaluate the materiality of the misstatement and consider whether the previous opinion requires modification.

Question 30

An auditor most likely would add an other-matter paragraph when: A. A change in a reporting entity results in financial statements which, in effect, are those of a different reporting entity. B. The entity changes the depreciable life of an asset from eight years to five years. C. Current period financial statements are audited and presented in comparative form with reviewed financial statements from the prior period. D.The auditor concludes that substantial doubt remains about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable amount of time.

Answer 30

Explanation Choice "C" is correct. An auditor would add an other-matter paragraph when current period financial statements are audited and presented in comparative form with compiled or reviewed financial statements from the prior period or in comparative form with prior period financial statements that were not audited, reviewed, or compiled. 選項 D 不正確的原因在於，当审计师得出结论认为存在实质性疑问关于被审计实体是否能够持续经营时，根据美国审计标准，审计师会在审计报告中加入一个关于持续经营能力实质性疑问的单独段落，而不是添加一个“其他事项段落”(other-matter paragraph)。

Question 31

When an entity changes its method of accounting for income taxes, which has a material effect on comparability, the auditor should refer to the change in an emphasis-of-matter paragraph added to the auditor's report. This paragraph should identify the nature of the change and: A. Describe the cumulative effect of the change on the audited financial statements. B. Explain why the change is justified under generally accepted accounting principles. C. State the auditor's explicit concurrence with or opposition to the change. D. Refer to the financial statement note that discusses the change in detail.

Answer 31

D 假设一家公司在其2023年度的财务报告中改变了其收入税的会计处理方法，从加速折旧法转变为直线折旧法。这种变更对公司的财务状况和经营结果有重大影响，并且需要在财务报表中充分披露。 在这种情况下，审计师在审计报告中添加一个强调事项段落，目的是引起财务报表使用者对这一变更的注意。审计师不会在强调事项段落中详细讨论这种变更的影响或是评价其合理性，而是会指引报表使用者阅读财务报表中的具体注释，以获取关于收入税会计政策变更的详细信息。 例如，强调事项段落可能是这样的： “如财务报表注释X所述，公司在2023年改变了其收入税的会计处理方法。我们引导读者参考该注释以获取关于此变更的详细信息。” 这个例子说明了审计师如何通过强调事项段落来处理会计政策的重大变更，同时确保了审计报告的客观性和引导财务报表使用者去查找更多相关信息的目的。

Question 32

An entity's comparative financial statements include the financial statements of the prior year that were audited by a predecessor auditor whose report is not presented. If the predecessor's report was qualified, the successor should: A. Update the audit report to show shared responsibility. B. Tell the client that they can't present comparative financial statements this way. C. Only give an opinion on this year's statements without mentioning last year's. D. Explain why the previous year's audit was qualified.

Answer 32

Option "D" is correct. The new auditor must disclose why the previous auditor qualified their report, including: Acknowledging the work was done by another auditor. The type of opinion and reasons for any modifications by the previous auditor. Any emphasis-of-matter or other specific paragraphs from the previous auditor's report. When the previous auditor's report was issued. 选项 "D "是正确的。新审计师必须披露前任审计师对其报告提出保留意见的原因，包括 承认工作是由另一位审计师完成的。 前任审计师修改意见的类型和原因。 前任审计师报告中的任何强调事项或其他特定段落。 前任审计师报告的发布时间。

Question 33

In which of the following circumstances may an auditor include an other-matter paragraph in an audit report of a nonissuer? A. A material weakness in internal control exists. B. The audited financial statements include a material misstatement. C.The entity engaged in significant transactions with a related party during the year under audit and subsequent to year-end. D. The auditor has been engaged to report on an entity's financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP and under IFRS.

Answer 33

D "Other-matter paragraph": This phrase indicates that the information to be included in the audit report is not related to the material presented in the financial statements but is still relevant to the users' understanding of the audit, the auditor's responsibilities, or the audit report. "Engaged to report on more than one set of financial statements": This indicates a situation where the auditor is reporting on financial statements prepared under different accounting frameworks, which is precisely the scenario described in option "D". It suggests additional information is necessary to help users understand the context of the audit(s). "Prepared under U.S. GAAP and under IFRS": This specifically points to the auditor dealing with two different sets of accounting principles, highlighting the need for clarification in the audit report regarding how these different frameworks affect the auditor's report. C--> should use an emphasis of matter paragraph.

Question 34

When there has been a change in accounting principles, but the effect of the change on the comparability of the financial statements is not material, the auditor should: A. Explicitly state whether the change conforms with GAAP. B. Not refer to the change in the auditor's report. C. Refer to the note in the financial statements that discusses the change. D. Refer to the change in an emphasis-of-matter paragraph.

Answer 34

B is correct 不重要的会计原则变更：当会计原则的变更对财务报表的可比性影响不重大时，审计师不需要在审计报告中提及这一变更。 D--> A change in accounting principles, which has a material effect on the comparability of financial statements, would refer to the change in an emphasis-of-matter paragraph.

Question 35

Upon finding facts after issuing an audit report that would have changed that report, what should an auditor deem most critical? A. The cost vs. benefit of more procedures to assess the new facts. B. How the findings affect the last five years' financial reports. C. If the client agrees to correct and disclose to those relying on the reports. D. If the client will pay for extra work needed.

Answer 35

Explanation: C is correct. The auditor prioritizes the client's readiness to amend and publicly correct the financial statements, as this directly impacts the reliability of the issued financial statements and the auditor's responsibility to the public. A is not correct because the auditor must assess the impact of new findings, ignoring the cost-benefit analysis. B is not correct as the auditor must evaluate the effects on past financial statements, not just the previous five years. D is not correct because the auditor's main concern is the integrity of the financial statements, not receiving additional fees for further procedures.

Question 36

An auditor should restrict the use of the auditor's communication related to the audit of a nonissuer's financial statements by including an alert when the written communication: A. Discloses material weaknesses in internal control that elevate the risk of misstatements in the financial statements. B. Documents a financial risk that the auditor discussed with those charged with governance on previous audit engagements. C. Describes a potential change in accounting methods and its potential effect on the results of operations and financial position. D. Is based on measurement or disclosure criteria that the auditor determined to be suitable only for a limited number of users who can be presumed to have an adequate understanding of the criteria.

Answer 36

知识点总结： 限制使用说明的情况：当审计沟通基于的衡量或披露标准被审计师认为仅适用于一小部分预期能够充分理解这些标准的用户时，应在审计沟通中包含限制使用说明。这通常涉及专业判断或特定会计准则的应用，这些准则可能对一般用户来说难以理解。 为何选择D： 选项D提及了审计沟通基于的衡量或披露标准仅适合于有能力充分理解这些标准的限定用户群，这正是需要加入限制使用说明的情况。

Question 37

Question: An auditor finished auditing a company's financials for the year ended December 31, Year 3, and initially dated the audit report March 13, Year 4. Before releasing the report, an event on March 14, Year 4, led to revisions in the Year 3 financials and an updated note. The updated audit report was dated April 11, Year 4, and released on April 12, Year 4. The auditor is responsible for reviewing subsequent events up to which date? Options: A. April 11, Year 4. B. March 13, Year 4. C. April 12, Year 4. D. March 14, Year 4.

Answer 37

Explanation: Correct Answer: A. The auditor is responsible for subsequent events until April 11, Year 4, the new date of the audit report. This period is when the auditor must review events that could affect the financial statements. Why Others Are Incorrect: B is not correct because March 13, Year 4, was the initial report date, not the final one after revisions. C is incorrect as April 12, Year 4, is the release date of the report, not the cut-off for reviewing subsequent events. D is not correct because even though March 14, Year 4, is when the event happened, the auditor's responsibility extends to the new report date, April 11, Year 4.

Question 38

If a subsequently discovered fact becomes known to the auditor after the report release date, the auditor should first: A. Discuss the matter with management. B. Determine the effects and issue revised financial statements. C. Notify each member of the board of directors that the auditor will seek to prevent future reliance on the auditor's report. D. Notify regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over the client that the auditor's report should no longer be relied upon.

Answer 38

Explanation Choice "A" is correct. 选项 B 表明，审计员负责确定后来发现的事实对财务报表的影响，并出具经修订的财 务报表。这是不正确的，因为编制和公允列报财务报表的主要责任在于管理层，而不是审计师。审计师的职责是审计管理层编制的财务报表，并就财务报表是否不存在因欺诈或错误造成的重大错报发表意见。 如果在审计报告发布后发现了可能影响财务报表的事实，审计师的第一步是与管理层讨论该事项（选项 A）。讨论的目的是让管理层了解情况，以便他们确定新发现的事实对财务报表的影响。然后，管理层决定是否需要修改财务报表以及如何修改。 管理层的责任包括确保财务报表准确无误并符合适用的财务报告框架，进行必要的更正，并在必要时重新发布财务报表。审计师可以建议或协助管理层理解新发现的事实对财务报表的潜在影响，但并不承担修改财务报表本身的职责。因此，选项 B 不是正确答案；它错误地将主要属于管理层的责任赋予了审计师。

Question 39

Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform in obtaining evidence about subsequent events? A. Investigate changes in long-term debt occurring after year-end. B. Determine that changes in employee pay rates after year-end were properly authorized. C. Send confirmations for a material A/R balance from a customer originating after year-end. D. Inquire about payroll checks that were recorded before year-end but cashed after year-end.

Answer 39

A】 Long-term debt that matures within one year is reported as a current liability on the balance sheet. An auditor reviews changes in long-term debt occurring after year-end to evaluate whether such debt is appropriately classified on the balance sheet.

Question 40

An auditor most likely would add an emphasis-of-matter paragraph when: A. Restricting the use of the auditor's report. B. The financial statements of the prior period were audited by a predecessor auditor and the predecessor's audit report is not reissued. C. The auditor chooses to report on supplementary information presented with the financial statements in the auditor's report, rather than in a separate report. D. Describing a justified change in accounting principle that has a material effect on the entity's financial statements.

Answer 40

Explanation Choice "D" is correct. An auditor would add an emphasis-of-matter paragraph when describing a justified change in accounting principle that has a material effect on the entity's financial statements. Choice "A" is incorrect. An auditor would add an other-matter paragraph when restricting the use of the auditor's report. Choice "B" is incorrect. An auditor would add an other-matter paragraph when the financial statements of the prior period were audited by a predecessor auditor and the predecessor's audit report is not reissued. Choice "C" is incorrect. An auditor would add a separate section with the heading "Supplementary Information" when the auditor chooses to report on supplementary information presented with the financial statements in the auditor's report, rathe than in a separate report.

Question 41

When can a group audit partner decide not to mention a subsidiary's auditor in the report? A. Is unable to review the audit programs and audit documentation of the component auditor. B. Issues an unmodified opinion on the consolidated financial statements. C. Is satisfied as to the independence and professional reputation of the component auditor. D. Learns that the component auditor issued an unmodified opinion on the subsidiary's financial statements.

Answer 41

Explanation: Correct answer: C. If the group audit partner trusts the subsidiary auditor's independence and professional reputation, they can issue an opinion without mentioning the subsidiary auditor's work. A. Incorrect because not being able to review the subsidiary auditor's work would usually require mentioning them in the report. B. Incorrect because issuing an unmodified opinion doesn't relate to whether the subsidiary auditor is mentioned. D. Incorrect because the type of opinion the subsidiary auditor issued isn't the determining factor for mentioning them.

Question 42

The inclusion of an emphasis-of-matter paragraph in the auditor's report: A. May be used as a substitute for the auditor expressing a qualified opinion. B. Does not affect the auditor's opinion. C. May be used as a substitute for financial statement disclosures excluded by management. D. Affects the auditor's opinion.

Answer 42

Explanation Choice "B" is correct. The inclusion of an emphasis-of-matter paragraph in the auditor's report does not affect the auditor's opinion. The emphasis-of-matter paragraph should indicate that "Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter." Choice "A" is incorrect. The inclusion of an emphasis-of-matter paragraph in the auditor's report may not be used as a substitute for the auditor expressing a qualified opinion. Choice "C" is incorrect. The inclusion of an emphasis-of-matter paragraph in the auditor's report may not be used as a substitute for financial statement disclosures excluded by management. Choice "D" is incorrect. The inclusion of an emphasis-of-matter paragraph in the auditor's report does not affect the auditor's opinion. The emphasis-of-matter paragraph should indicate that "Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter."

Question 43

When should an auditor revise a past opinion on financial statements in comparative reports? A. If asked to reissue a report by a former client. B. If there's a change in opinion due to inconsistency with the current year's statements. C. If last year's statements are restated to align with accounting standards. D. If last year's statements are restated due to a change in the reporting entity.

Answer 43

Explanation: C is correct because auditors must update their report if they find that previous financial statements, now restated, align with accounting standards, reflecting a change from a previous qualified or adverse opinion to an unmodified one. A is incorrect because a request from a former client does not necessitate a change in the auditor's opinion upon reissuing the report. B is incorrect as differing opinions between years do not mandate a change in the previously issued opinion. D is incorrect because restating financial statements for changes in the reporting entity does not automatically lead to a change in the auditor's opinion on the prior year's statements.

Question 44

When might a group engagement partner not mention a subsidiary's auditor in their report? A. Can't confirm the subsidiary auditor's independence or reputation. B. Oversaw the subsidiary auditor's work directly. C. Finds reviewing the subsidiary auditor's work impractical. D. The subsidiary's financials are significant to the overall financial statements.

Answer 44

Explanation: B is correct. If the group engagement partner directly oversaw the subsidiary auditor's work, they might not reference the subsidiary auditor in their report, assuming full responsibility for the audit work conducted.

Question 44

Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform to obtain evidence about the occurrence of subsequent events? A. Verify inventory pledged under loan agreements by confirming the details with financial institutions. B. Inquire about the current status of transactions that were recorded on the basis of preliminary data. C. Compare the financial statements being reported on with those of the prior year. D. Trace information from shipping documents to sales invoices and sales journal transactions.

Answer 44

A. 透過與金融機構確認詳細資訊，核實貸款協議下的抵押庫存。 該程式更多地與核實截至資產負債表日期的庫存的存在和權利和義務主張有關，而不是確定後續事件。 B. 詢問根據初步資料記錄的交易的當前狀態。 該程式可能會提供後續事件的證據，因為它有助於審計師根據記錄初步資料後發生的更好資訊或事件，確定是否需要對財務報表進行任何調整。 C. 將報告的財務報表與前一年的財務報表進行比較。 這種比較有助於分析程式和理解財務報表專案的逐年變化，但它並不專門針對識別後續事件。 D. 追蹤從運輸單據到銷售發票和銷售日記賬交易的資訊。 該程式旨在驗證銷售交易的發生及其正確記錄，而不是具體識別後續事件。

Question 45

Which of the following procedures would an auditor generally perform regarding subsequent events? A. Inspect inventory items that were ordered before the year-end but arrived after the year-end. B. Review the client's cutoff bank statements for several months after the year-end. C. Compare the latest available interim financial statements with the statements being audited. D. Test internal control activities that were previously reported to management as inadequate.

Question 46

What does dual dating an audit report indicate about the auditor's responsibility for subsequent events? A. Responsibility is only for the specific subsequent event mentioned. B. Responsibility extends to all events up to the report issuance. C. Responsibility extends to all events up to the later date mentioned. D. Responsibility is only for events until the last mentioned subsequent event.

Answer 46

正确答案是 A. 仅限于引用的特定事件。 已调整的后续事件（Recognized Subsequent Events）：这类事件提供了财务报表日存在的情况的额外证据。这些事件通常需要在财务报表中调整已经记录的数额。例如，如果一项法律诉讼在财务报表日之后但在审计报告日之前解决，且其解决提供了对财务报表日存在的义务的额外证据，那么可能需要对财务报表进行相应的调整。 未调整的后续事件（Non-Recognized Subsequent Events）：这类事件是在财务报表日之后发生的，对财务报表的公允展示有重要影响，但并不调整已经记录的数额。这类事件通常需要在财务报表的注释中进行披露。例如，如果一家公司在财务报表日之后但在审计报告日之前签订了一项重大合同，这可能需要在财务报表的注释中披露，而不是调整财务报表的数额。 当使用双重日期（Dual Date）的审计报告时，它通常涉及到未调整的后续事件，即在原始审计报告日期之后、财务报表发布之前发生的特定事件。审计师使用双重日期来限定其对这类特定后续事件的考虑和责任，而不是所有可能发生的事件。双重日期允许审计师对原始审计报告日期之后发生的、需要在财务报表注释中披露的特定事件承担责任，而不是扩展到所有后续事件。

Question 47

After issuing an unmodified opinion on financial statements, a CPA learns of a material loss not reflected in the statements. Management refuses to adjust for this. What should the CPA do next? A. Issue and distribute revised financial statements to known creditors. B. Inform the entity's board of directors about management's refusal. C. Tell creditors the financial statements and auditor's report should not be relied upon. D. Distribute a revised auditor's report to known creditors.

Answer 47

Explanation: B is correct because the auditor should inform the board about management's refusal to adjust, seeking their intervention. A is incorrect because only the client, not the auditor, can issue revised financial statements. C is incorrect because notifying creditors directly is a later step if the board does not act. D is incorrect as the auditor does not issue a revised report but may withdraw the original report if necessary.

Question 48

What is the least likely auditor's report option for GAAP-required supplementary information? A. Report includes an opinion on whether supplementary information is fairly stated. B. Report includes a separate section on applied procedures to supplementary information. C. A disclaimer of opinion on the supplementary information. D. Report includes an opinion on supplementary information with use restriction.

Answer 48

Explanation: D is correct because there's no requirement to restrict the auditor's report on GAAP-required supplementary information. A is incorrect as an opinion may be expressed if auditing procedures are applied. B is incorrect because the auditor may report on the applied procedures in a separate section. C is incorrect as a disclaimer can be included, stating no opinion is expressed on the supplementary information.

Question 49

It is not appropriate to refer a reader of an auditor's report to a financial statement footnote for details concerning: A. Sale of a discontinued operation. B. The results of confirmation of receivables. C. Subsequent events. D. The pro forma effects of a business combination.

Answer 49

Explanation Choice "B" is correct. Details concerning the results of audit procedures (such as the results of confirmation of receivables) generally do not appear in the footnotes. Choice "A" is incorrect. Sale of a discontinued operation may be discussed in an emphasis-of-matter paragraph of the auditor's report, which would also refer to the related footnote. Choice "C" is incorrect. Subsequent events may be discussed in an emphasis-of-matter paragraph of the auditor's report, which would also refer to the related footnote. Choice "D" is incorrect. The pro forma effects of a business combination may be included in an emphasis-of-matter paragraph of the auditor's report, which would also refer to the related footnote.

Question 50

When audited financial statements are presented in a client's document containing other information, the auditor should: A. Perform inquiry and analytical procedures to ascertain whether the other information is reasonable. B. Read the other information to determine that it is consistent with the audited financial statements. C. Perform the appropriate substantive auditing procedures to corroborate the other information. D. Add an other-matter paragraph to the auditor's report without changing the opinion on the financial statements.

Answer 50

Explanation Choice "B" is correct. The auditor should read the "other information" in a client's document containing audited financial statements to determine that it is consistent with the audited financial statements. Choice "A" is incorrect. Performing analytical procedures or any other procedure is not necessary. Choice "C" is incorrect. The auditor has no obligation to perform any procedure to corroborate "other information" contained in a document such as an annual report. Choice "D" is incorrect. A separate section with the heading "Other Information" clarifying the auditor's responsibility with respect to the other information would be added to the report rather than an other-matter paragraph.

Question 51

what should be included in the opinion paragraph when an audience expresses a qualified opinion? 1. when read in conjunction with norte X 2, when the foregoing eplanation

Answer 51

no-no A qualified opinion phrase is, "In our opinion, except for [reference to matter giving rise to qualification] described in the Basis for Qualification section of our report..."

Question 52

When a CPA reports on financial statements prepared on a cash basis, the report should: A. Mention a separate paragraph for justifying and agreeing with the non-GAAP method. B. State why this accounting basis is better for readers than GAAP. C. Refer to management's responsibility note for the financial statements. D. Indicate that the accounting basis is an OCBOA, different from GAAP.

Answer 52

Explanation: D is correct because a report on OCBOA financial statements should clarify that the accounting basis is non-GAAP, referencing the relevant footnote. A is not correct as the emphasis-of-matter paragraph should state the accounting basis without needing to justify or show concurrence with it. B is not correct since the report does not assess the usefulness of the cash basis over GAAP. C is not correct because the reference should be to the note describing the accounting basis, not to management's responsibility.

Question 53

An auditor is engaged to report on selected financial data that are included in a client-prepared document containing audited financial statements. Under these circumstances, the report on the selected data should: A. State that the presentation is prepared in accordance with a special purpose framework. B. Restrict the use of the report to those specified users within the entity. C. Be limited to data derived from the entity's audited financial statements. D. Indicate that the data are subject to prospective results that may not be achieved.

Answer 53

Explanation Choice "C" is correct. When the audit engagement includes reporting on selected financial data, the report prepared by the auditor should be limited to the data that was obtained from the financial statements Choice "A" is incorrect. The presentation of selected financial data is not prepared in accordance with a special purpose framework. Choice "B" is incorrect. The report is not required to be restricted to specific individuals within the organization. Choice "D" is incorrect. The presentation of selected financial data is not a form of prospective financial statement.

Question 54

The quarterly data required by SEC Regulation S-K have been omitted. Which of the following statements must be included in the auditor's report? A. The auditor will review the selected data during the review of the subsequent quarterly financial data. B. The auditor was unable to review the data. C. The company has not presented the selected quarterly financial data. D. The company's internal control provides an adequate basis to complete the review.

Answer 54

《C》 選項B表述為「審計師無法審閱數據」，可能給人的印象是審計師由於某種原因（如時間限制、資料不可用等）未能審閱數據，而非公司未提供該數據。這個選項的表述可能會引起誤解，因為它沒有直接指出是因為公司沒有提供必需的季度數據。在審計報告中，明確性和準確性是非常重要的，特別是當涉及到遵守SEC規定和報告要求時。 在這種情況下，直接指出公司未提供所需的季度數據（如選項C所述）是更為準確和直接的表述方式。它明確指出了問題的所在，即公司未能符合SEC規定S-K的要求。而選項B的表述方式則留下了審計師未能審閱數據的原因模糊不清，可能讓人誤解為審計師的問題，而不是公司未提供數據的問題。因此，即使數據被省略確實意味著審計師無法審閱它們，但更重要的是要清楚地指出是公司未提供這些數據，這是選項C被選為正確答案的原因。

Question 55

When auditing a company that doesn't issue stock (a nonissuer), what does an auditor have to do with extra information like pension details that's not in the main financial statements but is still needed by accounting rules? Choices: A. Check the extra information to make sure it's similar to last year's. B. Do a few specific checks on the extra information. C. Just make sure the extra information isn't missing. D. Hire an expert to check if what the company says about the extra information is correct.

Answer 55

Explanation: Choice B is correct. The auditor needs to do some specific checks on the extra information and mention this in a special part of the audit report called "Required Supplemental Information." Choice A is wrong. The auditor doesn't need to check if the extra information matches last year's. Choice C is wrong. The auditor also has to check if the extra information follows accounting rules closely and if it's presented accurately compared to the whole financial statements. Choice D is wrong. The auditor doesn't need to get an expert to confirm the company's claims about the extra information.

Question 56

uestion: When audited financial statements are included in a document with additional non-audited information, what should an auditor do? A. Include an additional paragraph in the audit report about this other information without changing the financial statement opinion. B. Conduct inquiries and analytical procedures to verify if the additional information is accurate. C. Carry out detailed audit procedures to confirm the accuracy of the non-audited information. D. Review the additional information to ensure it does not conflict with the audited financial statements.

Answer 56

Correct Answer: D. Review the additional information to ensure it does not conflict with the audited financial statements. Explanation: The auditor's responsibility is to review any non-audited information included in a document with audited financial statements to check for consistency with those financial statements. This ensures that the additional information does not contain any material misstatements or inconsistencies that could mislead the users of the financial statements. 選項B: 進行詢問和分析程序以確定其他信息是否合理。 這個選項錯誤的原因在於，雖然詢問和分析程序可能有助於獲得對其他信息的一定了解，但審計師在審計財務報表時並不要求對文件中的非財務報表信息進行詳細的分析或驗證。審計師的主要職責是確保其他信息與已審計的財務報表一致，而不是去驗證其他信息的準確性或合理性。 選項C: 執行適當的實質性審計程序來證實其他信息。 選項C的錯誤在於，審計師對於文件中包含的其他信息（比如管理層討論與分析部分）沒有義務進行實質性審計程序。審計師的責任主要是確保這些信息沒有與已審計的財務報表產生重大不一致。這並不意味著審計師需要對這些非財務信息進行實質性證實。

Question 57

In a special audit report for financial statements using the cash basis, what should the emphasis-of-matter paragraph include? A. A reference to the financial statement note explaining the accounting basis. B. A justification for not following generally accepted accounting principles. C. A comparison of operational results with those under generally accepted accounting principles. D. A confirmation of fair presentation under another comprehensive basis of accounting.

Answer 57

Explanation: A is correct because the report should direct readers to the note in the financial statements where the cash basis of accounting is described. B is incorrect because the auditor's report doesn't need to justify the departure from GAAP. C is incorrect as the report doesn't detail how results differ from GAAP to the cash basis. D is incorrect because the emphasis is on referring to the note describing the basis, not on stating the fair presentation under another basis.

Question 58

Reports on special purpose frameworks are issued in conjunction with: A. Interim financial information reviewed to determine whether material modifications should be made to conform with GAAP. B. Feasibility studies presented to illustrate an entity's results of operations. C. Compliance with reporting requirements to be filed with a specific regulatory agency. D. Pro forma financial presentations designed to demonstrate the effects of hypothetical transactions.

Answer 58

选项 C 是正确答案，因为它与使用特殊目的框架的财务报告直接相关。特殊目的框架是不同于公认会计原则（GAAP）的会计方法，用于特定原因，如遵守法规或合同协议。这些框架包括现金基础、税收基础、监管基础和合同基础会计。 当报告的发布与遵守向特定监管机构提交报告的要求有关时，往往涉及特殊目的框架， 因为监管机构可能要求以不同于公认会计原则的方式列报财务信息。例如，监管机构可能会要求公司在编制财务报表时使用税务会计的税基或该实体所处行业的特定监管基础。 这类报告旨在满足监管机构和依赖这些信息的利益相关者的特定需求，而不是为了符合公认会计原则。因此，审计师就这些特殊目的框架出具报告，以证明财务报表是根据所应用的框架公允列报的，这与选项 C 的描述直接吻合。

Question 59

Which best describes the auditor's responsibility for other information that is outside the basic financial statements, but is included in documents containing audited financial statements? A. Read the other information and consider whether it is materially consistent with the audited financial statements. B. The auditor has no responsibility to read the other information in a document containing audited financial statements. C. Apply certain limited procedures to the required supplementary information and add an other-matter paragraph to the financial statement audit report. D. Issue an opinion on the supplementary information and include a statement restricting the use of the report. Explanation

Answer 59

Explanation Choice "A" is correct. The auditor should read the other information and consider whether it is materially consistent with the audited financial statements. Choice "B" is incorrect. The auditor has a responsibility to read the other information and consider whether it is materially consistent with the audited financial statements. Choice "C" is incorrect. When audited financial statements are presented in a client's document containing required supplementary information that is outside the basic financial statements, the auditor should apply certain limited procedures to the required supplementary information and add a separate section with the heading "Required Supplementary Information," not an other-matter paragraph, to the audit report.

Question 60

Which of the following is not a special purpose framework? A. Basis of accounting used by an entity to file its income tax return. B. Basis of accounting used by an entity to comply with the financial reporting requirements of a government regulatory agency. C. Basis of accounting promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board. D. Cash receipts and disbursements basis of accounting.

Answer 60

Explanation Choice "C" is correct. IFRS (the standards promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board) and GAAP (the standards promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board) are general purpose frameworks. Special purpose frameworks include: 1. Cash basis and modified cash basis 2. Tax basis 3. Regulatory basis 4. Contractual basis 5. Other basis 選項B提到的是“Basis of accounting used by an entity to comply with the financial reporting requirements of a government regulatory agency.” 這種會計基礎被認為是一種**監管基礎(regulatory basis)**的特殊目的框架(special purpose framework)。監管基礎會計是根據特定政府監管機構的要求而制定的，用於滿足該機構對財務報告的具體規定。這種會計基礎可能與一般公認會計原則(GAAP)或國際財務報告準則(IFRS)有所不同，專門用於符合特定行業或法規環境下的報告要求。例如，銀行和保險公司可能需要根據其監管機構的特定要求準備財務報告，這些要求可能與一般商業企業使用的會計準則不同。

Question 61

An entity prepares its financial statements on its income tax basis. A description of how that basis differs from GAAP should be included in the: * A. Auditor's engagement letter. B. Management representation letter. C. Notes to the financial statements.åç D. Emphasis-of-matter paragraph of the auditor's report.

Answer 61

選項C: 財務報表的附註 正確選項：當一個實體根據其所得稅基礎準備財務報表時，這種基礎與通用會計原則（GAAP）的不同應該在財務報表的附註中被描述。附註是財務報表的一部分，提供了重要的背景信息和對財務報表中數據的解釋，包括會計政策、計量基礎和其他對理解財務狀況及經營成果至關重要的信息。 為什麼正確：附註直接對財務報表的閱讀者提供了有關會計基礎差異的信息，這對於理解財務報表的準備基礎是必要的。 選項D: 審計報告中的強調事項段落 不正確選項：強調事項段落用於審計報告中，以引起報告使用者對財務報表中某些事項的特別注意，這些事項在審計員的判斷中對財務報表的理解是重要的。雖然強調事項段落可以用來指向財務報表附註中的相關說明，但它本身並不提供有關所得稅基礎與GAAP差異的具體描述。 為什麼不正確：強調事項段落旨在指出報表中已有的信息，而不是提供新的、詳細的解釋或描述。它可能指出附註中的解釋，但詳細信息應該在附註本身找到。 簡而言之，選項C（財務報表的附註）直接提供有關所得稅基礎與GAAP之間差異的詳細信息，這對於理解報表至關重要。而選項D（強調事項段落）則用於引導讀者注意到財務報表或其附註中已經提供的重要信息，而不是自身提供該信息。

Question 62

Question: Which of the following issues is most likely prevented by obtaining a signed engagement letter from the client? A. Management decides not to correct a material misstatement the auditor thought would be corrected. B. The client needs an audit for a special framework, but the auditor lacks the necessary expertise. C. Management doesn't inform the auditor about a significant event before issuing the audit report. D. There's a disagreement about the contingent fee terms for the audit.

Answer 62

Explanation: B is correct. An engagement letter helps avoid misunderstandings by clearly defining the audit's framework and the auditor's capabilities. A is incorrect because a representation letter, not an engagement letter, would address uncorrected misstatements. C is incorrect as a representation letter, not an engagement letter, confirms all significant events are disclosed. D is incorrect because engagement letters cover fee arrangements, but contingent fees aren't allowed in audits.

Question 63

Which of the following is required before accepting a new audit engagement? I. Making inquiries of the predecessor auditor regarding management integrity. Il. Making inquiries of the predecessor auditor regarding matters that may affect the conduct of the audit. III. Understanding the prospective client's business and the industry in which it operates. A. 1, 11, and III. B. I only. C. Only I and III. D. Only || and III.

Answer 63

Explanation Choice "B" is correct. before accepting a new audit engagement, it's necessary to inquire about management's integrity. Other tasks like inquiring about audit conduct matters and understanding the client's business can be done after the engagement is accepted.

Question 64

Which of the following statements would least likely appear in an auditor's engagement letter? A. Our engagement is subject to the risk that material errors or fraud, including defalcations, if they exist, will not be detected. B. Fees for our services are based on our regular per diem rates, plus travel and other out-of-pocket expenses. C. After performing our preliminary analytical procedures we will discuss with you the other procedures we consider necessary to complete the engagement. D. Arrangements to be made with the predecessor auditor.

Answer 64

下面是对选项 "C "正确而其他选项不正确的原因的简化分析： - 选项 "C "**是正确的，因为它涉及与客户讨论具体的审计程序，这不是典型的做法。审计程序由审计师确定，而不是与客户协商。业务约定书可能会概述审计的一般范围和性质，但不会包括在初步分析程序后讨论和商定具体审计程序的条款。 - 选择 "A "** 谈到了审计的固有限制，这是业务约定书的标准部分。它提出了这样的期望，即虽然审计师将进行审计以合理保证财务报表没有重大错报，但仍有可能无法发现某些重大错报。 - 选择 "B "** 详细说明收费的依据，这在业务约定书中很常见。这使审计业务的财务条款更加清晰并达成一致。 - 选择 "D "** 提及与前任审计师作出安排，这也适合写入业务约定书中，尤其是在了解为何更换前任审计师以及确保不存在可能影响接受新审计业务的问题时。

Question 65

At a minimum, an understanding with a client should include: A.The objectives and limitations of the engagement, as well as the responsibilities of management and of the auditor. B.The auditor's opinion regarding whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. C. The specific audit procedures the auditor plans to perform. D. The assessed level of the risk of material misstatement.

Answer 65

Explanation Choice "A" is correct. At a minimum, an understanding with a client should include the objectives and limitations of the engagement, as well as the responsibilities of management and of the auditor. Choice "B" is incorrect. The auditor does not issue an opinion until the audit is complete. Choice "C" is incorrect. The understanding typically does not include specific audit procedures. Choice "D" is incorrect. The auditor's risk assessment procedures are not performed until after an understanding with the client has been established.

Question 66

The element of the audit planning process most likely to be agreed upon with the client before implementation of the audit strategy is the determination of the: A. Pending legal matters to be included in the inquiry of the client's attorney. B. Timing of inventory observation procedures to be performed. C. Procedures to be undertaken to discover litigation, claims, and assessments. D. Evidence to be gathered to provide a sufficient basis for the auditor's opinion.

Answer 66

B A ,C,D需要審計師的專業判斷，而不是跟客戶商議

Question 67

Question: Before accepting an audit engagement, a CPA evaluates if certain conditions suggest doubts about management's integrity. Which condition is most likely to raise such doubts? Options: A. Large differences between forecasted and actual financial statements. B. Denial of access to senior management's salary information. C. Large inventory write-offs just before year-end for several years. D. Discovery of related party transactions in the draft financial statements.

Answer 67

Correct Answer: B Explanation: Option "B" is correct because if an auditor is denied access to sensitive information like senior management salaries, it might suggest concerns about management's transparency and integrity. Auditors need full access to relevant information for a fair presentation of financial statements. Option "A" is incorrect as differences between forecasted and actual financials don't inherently indicate management dishonesty; they could result from various legitimate factors. Option "C" is incorrect because consistent annual inventory write-offs, although significant, may reflect a business characteristic rather than management integrity issues. Option "D" is incorrect as the presence of related party transactions in itself does not imply a lack of integrity; such transactions can be normal business operations.

Question 68

In connection with an audit of a nonissuer, the auditor would ordinarily use an engagement letter to: A. Determine which of the company's financial statement notes will be compiled by the auditor during the audit B. Mutually agree upon contingent fees between the company and the auditor. C. Specify any arrangements concerning the involvement of the company's internal auditors on the audit. D. Assert that a properly planned audit will detect and identify all material misstatements.

Answer 68

Explanation: An audit engagement letter typically includes details such as the scope of the audit, the auditor's responsibilities, the client's responsibilities, and other significant arrangements, including the involvement of internal auditors or other staff of the entity in the audit process. This helps in setting clear expectations and responsibilities for both the auditor and the client, enhancing the audit's effectiveness and efficiency. Options A and B are incorrect as they involve activities that could impair the auditor's independence. Option D is incorrect because an audit cannot guarantee the detection of all material misstatements due to inherent limitations. 選項A的錯誤 角色衝突：審計師的主要職責是提供對財務報表的獨立和客觀的審計意見。如果審計師參與編制這些報表或附註，則他們實際上是在評估自己的工作，這創造了一個明顯的利益衝突，並可能影響到他們意見的客觀性和獨立性。 獨立性原則：國際審計準則和各國專業操守準則都強調審計師在執行審計工作時必須保持獨立。這包括避免執行任何可能使他們與客戶之間產生太過緊密關係的服務，從而可能影響他們的判斷或被視為有偏見。 服務限制：多數專業操守準則都明確禁止或嚴格限制審計師提供某些非審計服務給其審計客戶，特別是那些與會計記錄或財務報表的編制直接相關的服務，因為這些活動可能會威脅到審計師的獨立性。

Question 69

Question: What factor is most likely to lead a CPA to decide against accepting a new audit engagement? Options: A. Management not allowing substantive tests before year-end. B. Management ignoring its duty to keep a good internal control environment. C. Inability to assess if related party transactions were fair. D. Not understanding the prospective client's internal audit software.

Answer 69

Correct Answer: B Explanation: Option "B" is the correct choice because a strong internal control environment is crucial for reliable financial reporting. If management neglects this responsibility, it undermines the foundation of effective internal controls, significantly increasing audit risk to an unacceptable level. Option "A" is incorrect as substantive tests are typically done after the year-end when financial statements are complete. Option "C" is incorrect because related party transactions are not expected to be on arm's-length terms, and this factor alone doesn't generally affect a CPA's decision to accept a new client. Option "D" is incorrect as a CPA's lack of familiarity with a client's specific internal audit technology does not directly impact the decision to accept an audit engagement.

Question 70

Question: Which types of documentation are typically provided by the predecessor auditor for review? Options: A. Results of the audit procedures and Risk assessment procedures. B. Results of the audit procedures, Risk assessment procedures, and Client's significant accounting policies. C. Results of the audit procedures, Prior period engagement letter, and Risk assessment procedures. D. Prior period engagement letter and Client's significant accounting policies.

Answer 70

Correct Answer: A Explanation: The predecessor auditor usually allows the successor auditor to review documentation that directly relates to the audit's planning, the assessment of audit risk, the procedures carried out during the audit, and the results of those procedures, along with any matters of continuing significance for the audit. The client's significant accounting policies, while crucial for the audit, are typically provided by the client itself, not the predecessor auditor. Similarly, the prior period engagement letter, detailing the agreement between the client and the predecessor auditor, is not standard documentation shared with the successor auditor.

Question 71

Which of the following factors most likely would influence an auditor's determination of the auditability of an entity's financial statements? A. The existence of related party transactions. B. The complexity of the information system relevant to financial reporting. C. The adequacy of the accounting records. D. The operating effectiveness of controls.

Answer 71

A. 相关方交易的存在。 不正确：虽然相关方交易需要特别注意，因为它们可能涉及潜在的利益冲突或不公平的交易条件，但它们本身通常不会影响财务报表的可审计性。审计师需要对这些交易进行适当的审计程序，但它们不会阻止财务报表的审计过程。 B. 与财务报告相关的信息系统的复杂性。 不正确：信息系统的复杂性可能会要求审计师采取更专业的技术或使用信息技术专家来理解系统和执行审计程序。尽管如此，复杂的信息系统并不直接影响财务报表的可审计性，而是可能影响审计的范围和深度。 C. 会计记录的充分性。 正确：如果一个实体的会计记录不充分，这可能会阻碍审计师获得足够适当的审计证据。会计记录的质量和完整性是评估财务报表可审计性的关键因素。不充分的记录可能意味着审计师无法验证财务报表中的金额和披露的准确性。 D. 控制的运行有效性。 不正确：内部控制的运行有效性是在决定可审计性之后，审计过程中评估的一个方面。虽然控制的有效性对于审计风险评估和审计计划是重要的，但它并不是决定财务报表是否可被审计的直接因素。控制的有效性更多地影响审计过程中的测试方法和范围，而不是判断财务报表是否可以审计。

Question 72

What detail is usually agreed upon between management and the auditor before starting field work? A. The specific matters to be included in the communication with those charged with governance. B. The minimum amount of misstatements that may be considered to be significant deficiencies in internal control C. The schedules and analyses that the client's staff should prepare. D. The effects that inadequate controls may have over the safeguarding of assets.

Answer 72

让我们逐个解释这些选项，以了解在审计策略讨论中，哪些细节通常会在审计师和客户管理层之间达成一致： A. 与治理负责人沟通时要包含的具体事项 错误：在开始现场工作之前，审计师可能还不清楚需要与治理负责人沟通的具体事项。这些通常是在审计过程中根据发现的情况来确定的。 B. 可能被视为内部控制重大缺陷的最小错误金额 错误：虽然审计师可能会设定一个初步的重要性水平，但这是审计判断的一部分，通常不会与客户讨论。此外，重大的内部控制缺陷是因为它们表明存在材料错报的潜在可能，而不是基于任何实际错报超过特定阈值。 C. 客户员工应准备的时间表和分析 正确：在开始现场工作之前，审计师很可能会与管理层讨论客户员工所需提供的协助。这包括准备特定的时间表和分析，是与客户建立共识的一部分，以确保审计过程顺利进行。 D. 控制不足可能对资产保护的影响 错误：在开始现场工作之前，审计师不太可能已经识别出控制上的不足或评估它们可能的影响。这些发现通常是审计过程中的结果，而不是审计开始之前讨论的内容。

Question 73

The primary objective of an auditor when considering the acceptance of an initial audit engagement of a nonissuer is to A. Specify the degree to which management intends to rely on the auditor's testing of internal controls. B. Limit the auditor's responsibility if management fails to provide written representations. C. Agree with management on the timing of tests at interim and year end. D. Establish whether the preconditions for an audit are present.

Answer 73

Explanation Choice "D" is correct. The primary objective of an auditor when considering the acceptance of an initial audit engagement of a nonissuer is to establish whether the preconditions for an audit are present. Choice "A" is incorrect. Management should not rely on the auditor's testing of internal control. Management is responsible for assessing their internal control based on their own monitoring of internal control. Choice "B" is incorrect. The auditor should not accept an engagement if management will not provide written representations. Choice "C" is incorrect. Determination of the timing of tests occurs after acceptance of an initial audit engagement.

Question 74

Under which condition can an independent auditor accept an audit engagement after the fiscal year has ended? Options: A. Agreeing to issue a disclaimer of opinion due to missed tests. B. Having a going concern assertion from the previous auditor. C. Being able to assess control risk below maximum. D. Overcoming limitations like verifying year-end inventory.

Answer 74

Correct Answer: D Explanation: An auditor can accept an engagement after the fiscal year-end if they can address any issues arising from the late start. This includes finding alternative methods to gather sufficient audit evidence, such as for inventory verification, to support the financial statements. Option A is incorrect because accepting an engagement with the intention of issuing a disclaimer for missing key tests is not appropriate. Option B is incorrect as the decision to accept should not be based solely on the previous auditor's conclusions. Option C is incorrect because the ability to assess control risk at below maximum does not directly relate to the timing of accepting an engagement.

Question 75

Question: What do the auditor and management typically agree upon before starting audit fieldwork? Options: A. Evaluating plans for adverse economic conditions. B. Identifying fraud risk factors. C. Coordinating client personnel assistance for data preparation. D. Discussing control weaknesses with governance.

Answer 75

Correct Answer: C Explanation: Before fieldwork begins, the auditor and management usually establish an understanding regarding the audit strategy. This includes planning for the assistance of client personnel in preparing necessary data and documents, rather than evaluating economic plans, identifying fraud risks, or discussing control weaknesses, which are tasks performed during or after fieldwork.

Question 76

When a nonissuer changes an audit to a review, how should the review report reflect this change? A. Add a disclaimer of an audit opinion. B. Mention why the engagement was changed. C. Note the original audit engagement without explaining the change. D. Do not mention the engagement change at all.

Answer 76

Explanation: D is correct because if the accountant agrees to change an audit to a review, the review report is issued as if it were the planned engagement from the start, without mentioning the change. A is wrong because a review report should not include an audit opinion disclaimer. B is wrong as the review report does not detail reasons for the engagement change. C is incorrect because there should be no mention of the original audit engagement in the review report.

Question 77

When assessing the internal auditors' competence, the independent CPA should obtain information about the: A. Internal auditors' access to records and information that is considered sensitive. B. Policies prohibiting the internal auditors from auditing areas where relatives are employed. C. Educational background and professional certification of the internal auditors. D. Organizational level to which the internal auditors report.

Answer 77

- **选项 "C "正确**： 内部审计师的教育背景和专业证书直接反映了他们有效开展审计工作的能力。会计原则、审计准则和相关法规方面的知识是进行全面、准确审计的基础。注册内部审计师 (CIA) 或注册会计师 (CPA) 等认证表明其专业能力和道德标准达到了公认的水平。通过评估这些方面，独立注册会计师可以衡量内部审计职能的可靠性和工作质量。 - **选择 "A "不正确**： 虽然获取记录和信息对内部审计师有效履行职责至关重要，但这并不直接表明他们的能力。能否接触到记录和信息更多地体现了他们的工作范围以及管理层对他们的信任。 - **选择 "B "不正确**： 有关利益冲突的政策，如审计亲属受雇的领域，涉及内部审计师的客观性和独立性，而不是他们的能力。虽然这些政策很重要，但不能直接反映审计师的审计技能或知识。 - **选项 "D "不正确**： 内部审计师所隶属的组织级别是其独立性和在组织内部所能施加的潜在影响的指标。较高的隶属关系（如直接向审计委员会或董事会报告）可增强内部审计职能的独立性，但这同样不能直接评估他们的能力。

Question 78

When an auditor increases the planned assessed level of control risk because certain control activities were determined to be ineffective, the auditor would most likely increase the: A. Extent of tests of details. B. Level of detection risk. C. Extent of tests of controls. D. Level of inherent risk.

Answer 78

当审计师发现某些控制活动无效时，这意味着组织为防止或发现错误和欺诈而实施的控制措施没有发挥预期的作用。这种情况会增加审计师的担忧，即客户的内部控制可能无法防止或发现错报，从而导致更高的控制风险。 以下是审计师可能会增加细节测试程度的原因，如选项 "A "所示： ###细节测试的范围 - **正确的选择**： 增加细节测试的范围意味着审计师计划执行更详细的审计程序或检查更多的项目/交易。这样做是为了弥补较高的控制风险。由于控制措施无效，审计师不能依赖它们，而必须执行更多实质性程序，将审计风 险降低到可接受的水平。 ###检测风险水平 - 降低，不增加**： 检测风险是指审计师无法检测到某项断言中存在的重大错报的风险。如果由于控制无效而增加了控制风险，审计师希望降低检测风险，以将总体审计风险保持在可接受的水平。要做到这一点，就要进行更多的实质性测试，而不是提高检测风险本身的水平。 ### 控制测试的范围 - 确定无效后不增加**： 一旦审计师确定控制措施无效，增加控制措施的测试范围既无效率也无效果。测试控制的目的是评估其有效性。如果控制措施已被视为无效，审计师就需要调整实质性测试的方法。 ### 固有风险程度 - 不直接相关**： 固有风险是指假设没有相关控制措施，某项断言发生重大错报的可能性。它与业务或交易的性质有关，不受审计师控制风险评估的直接影响。因此，发现控制无效不会导致内在风险水平的调整。 总之，当发现控制活动无效时，增加细节测试的范围有助于审计师收集更多证据，确保财务报表不存在重大错报，从而弥补增加的控制风险。

Question 79

Under which of the following circumstances should an auditor consider confirming the terms of a large complex sale? A. When the assessed level of detection risk over the sale is high. B. When the combined assessed level of inherent and control risk over the sale is moderate. C. When the combined assessed level of inherent and control risk over the sale is high. D. When the assessed level of control risk over the sale is low.

Answer 79

選項A與選項C的主要區別在於它們反映的風險類型和審計應對策略。選項A關注的是發現風險，主要通過改變審計程序的性質、時機和範圍來管理。而選項C則是在內在風險和控制風險都高的情況下，強調需要進行更多確認來直接獲取證據，以確保財務報表的準確性和完整性。選項C更直接地指向了在高風險情況下增加審計證據的必要性。

Question 80

Which of the following should an auditor do when control risk is assessed at the maximum level? A. Perform more tests of controls. B. Document the assessment. C. Perform fewer substantive tests of details. D. Document the control structure more extensively.

Answer 80

選項B：記錄評估 正確。當控制風險評估為最高水平時，審計師需要在審計工作文件中記錄這一評估，並基於此評估結果調整其審計計畫，通常意味著增加實質性程序（如實質性測試的細節）以獲取足夠適當的審計證據。 為什麼其他選項不正確？ 選項A：當控制風險評估為最高水平時，進行控制測試的效用降低，因為審計師已經預期這些控制措施不可靠。因此，增加控制測試並不是首選策略。 選項C：當控制風險處於最高水平時，實際上需要執行更多的實質性測試，而不是減少，以彌補控制風險高的影響，確保財務報表的準確性。 選項D：雖然理解被審計單位的控制結構是必要的，但一旦控制風險評估為最高，額外的記錄工作不會對審計策略產生實質性的影響。評估後的重點應該放在如何通過實質性程序來獲取證據上。

Question 81

Question: During a group audit, what is not a responsibility of the group engagement team when determining materiality? A. Set materiality levels for components that will be audited by the group team. B. Establish materiality for specific transactions, balances, or disclosures that could impact decisions. C. Only assess overall materiality for the group financial statements, ignoring performance materiality. D. Create a threshold for what is considered significant to the group financial statements.

Answer 81

Explanation: Correct Answer: C. The group engagement team is responsible for evaluating both the overall materiality for the group financial statements and performance materiality. Incorrect Choices: A, B, and D are tasks the group engagement team should undertake as part of their materiality assessment in a group audit.

Question 82

Question: Which of the following is not an element of a CPA firm's quality-control policies and procedures applicable to the firm's accounting and auditing practice? A. Human Resources B. Engagement/Client Acceptance and Continuance C. Investment Strategies D. Monitoring

Answer 82

Correct Answer: C. Investment Strategies Explanation: The elements of a CPA firm's quality control, applicable to the firm's accounting and auditing practice, include Human Resources, Engagement/Client Acceptance and Continuance, Leadership responsibilities, Performance of the Engagement, Monitoring, and Ethical requirements, as remembered by the mnemonic "HELP ME." Investment Strategies is not an element of a CPA firm's quality control.

Question 83

Which of the following would not be a primary function of an audit strategy? A. Provide the scope of the audit. B. Outline reporting objectives. C. Outline the nature, extent and timing of audit procedures. D. Provide a preliminary assessment of materiality and tolerable misstatement.

Answer 83

The audit strategy and audit plan serve complementary roles in the auditing process, each with distinct purposes: ### Audit Strategy The audit strategy is a broad plan that outlines the scope, timing, and direction of the audit and provides guidance for developing a detailed audit plan. Key functions of the audit strategy include: - **Defining the Scope of the Audit:** Establishing the overall audit scope, considering the financial statements' characteristics and the reporting framework. - **Outlining Reporting Objectives:** Setting objectives for the audit to ensure that the auditor meets all reporting deadlines and compliance requirements. - **Assessing Materiality and Tolerable Misstatement:** Making a preliminary assessment of materiality to guide the planning and performance of the audit. This helps in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures. - **Identifying Significant Areas:** Determining significant areas of the financial statements and any potential problems or risks that need special attention. ### Audit Plan The audit plan is more detailed and includes the specific procedures that the auditor needs to perform to obtain audit evidence. It's developed based on the strategy outlined and includes: - **Nature, Extent, and Timing of Audit Procedures:** Detailed plans of what procedures will be performed, how extensively they will be carried out, and when they will be executed. - **Resource Allocation:** Determining the need for specialized skills, assigning staff to various elements of the audit, and scheduling their work. - **Risk Management Procedures:** Identifying and planning the audit procedures that are necessary to address the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. In summary, the **audit strategy** sets the overall direction and scope of the audit and identifies key areas of focus, while the **audit plan** details specific audit procedures needed to gather sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support the auditor's opinion on the financial statements.

Question 84

The COSO Cube is used to most effectively illustrate that: A. Monitoring activities are secondary to the other components. B. The entity level is held most accountable for the five components. C. All categories of objectives and components are applicable across all organizational levels. D. The most relevant objectives for the various organizational structure levels are the compliance objectives.

Answer 84

The logic behind the COSO Cube and its related question revolves around understanding the comprehensive framework that COSO (the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission) provides for evaluating and improving an organization's internal control systems. The COSO framework is visually represented by a three-dimensional cube that integrates three key dimensions: 1. **Components of Internal Control:** These are the critical aspects or elements that make up an organization's internal control system. According to COSO, there are five such components: - Control Environment - Risk Assessment - Control Activities - Information and Communication - Monitoring Activities 2. **Objectives Categories:** The COSO framework categorizes objectives into three groups that an organization's internal control system aims to support: - Operations objectives (efficiency and effectiveness of operations), - Reporting objectives (reliability of reporting), and - Compliance objectives (compliance with applicable laws and regulations). 3. **Organizational Levels:** The framework applies to various levels within an organization, including the entity level, divisional level, operating unit level, and functional level. The COSO Cube effectively illustrates how these three dimensions intersect and how the five components of internal control are applied across all levels of the organization and across all objective categories. This holistic approach underscores that: - All components are integral and interrelated; no component is less important or secondary (countering Choice A). - Accountability for implementing and maintaining the internal control components is distributed across all levels of the organization, not just at the entity level (countering Choice B). - The framework emphasizes the importance of all categories of objectives (operations, reporting, and compliance) across the entire organization, illustrating that the system of internal control is designed to address a broad spectrum of objectives, not just compliance (countering Choice D). Therefore, the logic is to convey the comprehensive and integrated nature of the COSO framework in supporting an organization's internal control across different objectives and organizational levels, as summarized in Choice C. This choice correctly reflects the essence of the COSO Cube by highlighting the applicability and relevance of all components of internal control across all categories of objectives and at all levels within an organization.

Question 85

Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of a physical access control? A. Separates unauthorized individuals from computer resources. Minimizes the risk of incurring a power or hardware failure. C. Provides authentication of users attempting to log into the system. D. Protects systems from the transmission of Trojan horses.

Answer 85

Explanation Choice "A" is correct. Physical access control is designed to keep unauthorized people away from computer resources, like using locks on computer room doors to ensure only authorized personnel can enter. Choice "B" is incorrect. Physical access control doesn't prevent power or hardware failures; it's about restricting physical access, not about hardware reliability. Choice "C" is incorrect. Physical access control doesn't handle user authentication for system login; that's the job of security software. Choice "D" is incorrect. Physical access control doesn't stop software threats like Trojan horses; it's focused on physical, not software security.

Question 86

Which of the following factors would the independent auditor most likely consider in assessing the objectivity of an internal auditor? A. The internal auditor was previously an employee of the auditor's public accounting firm. B. The internal auditor has obtained the Certified Internal Auditor designation. C. The audit committee reviews employment decisions related to the director of internal auditing. D. The internal auditor attends a number of comprehensive continuing professional education courses each year.

Answer 86

本问题及其答案选项背后的逻辑围绕着从独立审计师的角度评估内部审计师的客观性。这里所说的客观性是指内部审计师在履行职责时不带偏见、不存在利益冲突、不受组织内其他人的不当影响的能力。以下是每个选项与客观性概念的关系： - **选项 "C "正确**： 如果本应独立于管理层的审计委员会审查与内部审计总监有关的聘用决定，则意味着一层独立性和监督。这种设置有助于确保内部审计职能不受管理层压力的影响，并能客观行事。审计委员会的参与表明，治理结构支持内部审计师的客观性。 - **选择 "A "不正确**： 内部审计师以前是审计师所在公共会计师事务所的员工，这一事实可能会引起有关独立性的问题，但更直接的问题是潜在的偏见或利益冲突，而不是其当前角色的客观性。这种情况不会直接评估内部审计师在公司内部客观履行当前职责的能力。 - **选项 "B "不正确**： 拥有注册内部审计师称号表明其在内部审计领域具有一定的专业能力和知识水平。虽然专业能力至关重要，但它并不能直接评估内部审计师在其组织角色中的客观性。 - **选项 "D "不正确**： 参加专业教育课程是内部审计师致力于保持和提高能力的一个指标。与选择 "B "一样，这一因素与其说与客观性有关，不如说与审计师的能力有关。 这里的逻辑强调了治理结构和监督机制（如审计委员会的参与）在支持和评估内部审计职能的客观性方面的重要性，而不是主要表明专业能力或背景的因素。

Question 87

According to COSO, the proper tone at the top helps a company to do each of the following, except: A. Create a compliance-supporting culture that is committed to enterprise risk management. B. Navigate gray areas where no specific compliance rules or guidelines exist. C. Adhere to fiscal budgets and goals as outlined by the internal audit committee and board of directors. D. Promote a willingness to seek assistance and report problems before it is too late for corrective action.

Answer 87

本问题评估对特雷德韦委员会赞助组织委员会（COSO）在内部控制和企业风险管理框架中描述的 "高层基调 "概念的理解。高层基调 "指的是组织领导者在公司治理、风险管理和控制方面营造的道德氛围和文化。以下是每个选项背后的逻辑分解： - **选择 "C "是正确的**，因为确定 "高层基调 "的主要作用涉及道德行为、诚信以及合规和风险管理文化。虽然财政预算和目标对组织管理很重要，但它们与 "高层基调 "概念中强调的道德文化和治理实践没有直接关系。此外，内部审计委员会的主要职责是监督内部控制、风险管理和治理流程的有效性，而不是制定财政预算和目标。 - **选择 "A "不正确**，因为创建一种致力于企业风险管理的合规支持文化正是 "高层基调 "所要达到的目标。通过促进道德行为、诚信和对合规的承诺，组织的领导者可以营造一种支持风险管理和遵守法律法规的环境。 - **选择 "B "不正确**，因为适当的 "高层基调 "的主要好处之一是在规则和准则可能不明确的领域（"灰色地带"）指导决策。组织领导层确立的道德文化和价值观为员工做出符合组织道德标准和风险管理实践的决策提供了框架。 - **选择 "D "是不正确的**，因为促进员工寻求帮助和及时报告问题的意愿是健康的组织文化和有效风险管理的一个基本方面。这种意愿受到 "高层基调 "的直接影响，因为在组织领导者重视诚信、开放和问责的环境中，员工更容易放心地报告问题。 理解 "高层基调 "的概念对于认识领导层在道德、合规和风险管理方面的行为和态度如何影响整个组织的文化以及管理风险和实现目标的有效性至关重要。

Question 88

In assessing the competence of a client's internal auditor, an independent auditor most likely would consider the: A. Results of ratio analysis that may identify unusual transactions and events. B. Client's policies that limit the internal auditor's access to management salary data. C. Evidence supporting a low assessed level of control risk. D. Internal auditor's compliance with professional internal auditing standards.

Answer 88

Choice "D" is correct: The competence of an internal auditor is closely tied to their adherence to professional auditing standards. Compliance with these standards demonstrates the internal auditor's professionalism, knowledge, and ability to conduct audits in a manner that meets established criteria. This can include the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) standards or other relevant frameworks. The external auditor can evaluate this by reviewing the internal auditor's audit plans, procedures, documentation, and overall audit approach. Choice "C" is incorrect: An external auditor's assessment of a low level of control risk might reflect well on the internal controls environment of the organization, which could be partly attributed to effective work by the internal audit function. However, this does not provide direct evidence of the internal auditor's competence. Control risk assessment is broader and encompasses more than just the work or competence of the internal auditor.

Question 89

Question: In which of the following circumstances may an auditor, such as Strapp LLP, provide information from the Carfagno Inc. audit to a third party without Carfagno's permission? A. When Carfagno's bank requests audit details for a significant loan application. B. When Carfagno's shareholders ask for audit documentation to review investment decisions. C. When Strapp LLP is legally sued by Carfagno Inc. and must defend itself in court. D. When Carfagno's competitors request audit insights for market analysis.

Answer 89

Correct Answer: C. When Strapp LLP is legally sued by Carfagno Inc. and must defend itself in court, the auditor may provide necessary information to their attorneys without Carfagno's permission.

Question 90

Which activity does not represent the ongoing monitoring of controls within Falco Insurance Group, Inc.? Options: A. Reviewing detailed profit margins regularly. B. Confirming compliance for significant payments. C. Reporting on internal controls to the audit committee. D. Evaluating substantial adjustments in financial reserves.

Answer 90

Explanation: Option "C" does not reflect the direct, regular activities associated with ongoing monitoring of controls but rather pertains to reporting on the control environment's status to the audit committee. Here's what ongoing monitoring typically includes: 1. **Regular Management and Financial Reviews**: High-level reviews by management to understand the business's financial health and operating effectiveness, such as reviewing financial reports and key performance indicators. 2. **Supervisory Activities**: Actions by supervisors to check the quality of their subordinates' work and adherence to established policies and procedures. 3. **Comparison of Actual Performance with Budgets and Forecasts**: This includes analysis of variances that could indicate issues with control processes. 4. **Regular Reconciliations**: Ensuring that account balances are reconciled regularly to detect and correct discrepancies. 5. **Verification of Compliance with Policies**: This can involve checks to ensure that transactions are authorized appropriately and comply with established policies. 6. **Analysis of Operations**: Review of operations to identify unexpected results or unusual transactions that might indicate control failures.

Question 91

Question: When an auditor is learning about an issuer's internal control on information and communication, which aspect should they focus on? A. Board or audit committee's oversight on financial reporting. B. Significant transaction classes in financial statements. C. Management's philosophy on internal control. D. Ethical values of top management.

Answer 91

Explanation: B is correct because auditors need to understand significant transactions and how they are communicated and processed within the financial reporting system. A, C, and D are related to the control environment component of internal control, focusing on oversight responsibilities, management's operational philosophy, and ethical values, respectively, and not directly on information and communication aspects.

Question 92

The monitoring component of internal control excludes: A. Eliminating controls that are not operating effectively. B. Assessing information derived from external parties. C. Improving controls that are not operating effectively. D. Assessing the quality of control performance over time.

Answer 92

Explanation Choice "A" is correct. Monitoring is the process of assessing the quality of internal control performance over time and taking necessary corrective actions. Eliminating a control that is not operating effectively would not be an appropriate corrective action. Choice "B" is incorrect. Information derived from external parties (such as customer complaints and regulator comments) may be useful in identifying problems with the internal control structure. Choice "C" is incorrect. Improving controls that are not operating effectively would be part of the monitoring process. Choice "D" is incorrect. Assessing the quality of control performance over time is the primary function of the monitoring component.

Question 93

Which of the following pairs of accounts would be analyzed together in the audit documentation? A. Notes payable and notes receivable. B. Notes receivable and interest income. C. Interest income and interest expense. D. Accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable.

Answer 93

选择 B： 应收票据和利息收入 - **直接关系**： 应收票据是欠公司的款项，随着时间的推移会产生利息。利息收入是这些应收票据产生的收入。因此，存在直接关系，因为利息收入来自应收票据金额。 - **为什么正确**： 将这两个账户放在一起分析，可以让审计师评估记录的利息收入与应收票据余额的关系是否准确。这是一个自然的搭配，因为一个直接影响另一个。

Question 94

When a client's lawyers can't conclude on lawsuits, what should an auditor do? A. Check if lawsuit info in financial statements is enough, then issue a standard opinion. B. Keep auditing but note the limited info in a different opinion. C. Stop the audit. D. Ask lawyers again after auditing, and if still unclear, say they can't give an opinion.

Answer 94

Explanation: A is right because if lawyers can't predict lawsuit outcomes, the auditor just needs to make sure the financial statements explain this well and then can give a normal opinion if everything else is fine. B is wrong because there's no issue with what the auditor could check, so changing the opinion isn't needed. C is too drastic because the issue isn't with the audit's scope. D is wrong because following up with lawyers is okay, but there's no need to say they can't give an opinion just because of the lawsuits.

Question 95

Question: In the planning stage of an audit, what is a CPA most likely to do? Options: A. Talk about last year's audit changes with governance. B. Ask the client’s lawyer about any legal issues. C. Compare actual financial data to budgets and forecasts. D. Get a confirmation from management about the completeness of financial records.

Answer 95

A.就上一年度的审计调整与管理层沟通--这是审计流程的重要组成部分，但通常与审计的完成或总结阶段更为相关，在这一阶段，审计师会与管理层讨论审计结果，包括审计调整。这在一定程度上会影响本年度的规划，但主要不是规划活动。 B.向客户的律师询问有关未决和威胁诉讼及评估的情况--虽然了解诉讼和评估对审计师来说至关重要，但这些询问通常是在审计过程的后期进行的，此时审计师正在评估需要在财务报表中披露或说明的或有事项和承诺。 C.将记录的财务信息与预算和预测的预期结果进行比较 - 这一程序与审计的计划阶段最为吻合。将实际财务信息与预算和预测进行比较有助于审计师了解实体的业务，并确定财务报表中存在重大错报潜在风险的领域。通过将工作重点放在高风险领域，有助于制定审计计划。 D.获取管理层关于所有财务记录可用性的陈述 - 获取管理层的陈述是审计过程的重要组成部分，但通常在审计结束时进行，作为对管理层在整个审计过程中所作陈述的整体评估的一部分。这是获取审计证据的一部分，但不是规划阶段的活动。

Question 96

Question: If audit procedures show that accounts receivable have doubled but the allowance for doubtful accounts percentage is unchanged, which explanation would be satisfactory? A. More receivables are now overdue than last year. B. The company improved how it records cash received. C. The company opened another store and credit sales matched the first store. D. The company now sells less to customers with bad credit.

Answer 96

Explanation: C is correct because if the company expanded by adding a similar store, it would be reasonable for receivables to increase without a change in the allowance percentage, assuming similar collection rates. A is wrong because if more accounts are overdue, the allowance percentage should rise. B is wrong because better cash receipt controls should lead to lower, not higher receivables. D is wrong because selling less to those with bad credit should lower the allowance percentage.

Question 97

When the auditor's risk assessment is based on the effective operation of controls, the audit will most likely involve: A. Reducing inherent risk for most of the assertions relevant to significant account balances. B. Identifying specific controls relevant to specific assertions. C. Changing the timing of substantive tests by omitting interim-date testing and performing the tests at year-end. D. Performing more extensive substantive tests with larger sample sizes than originally planned.

Answer 97

選項"B"是正確的。當審計師的風險評估基於內部控制的有效運作時，審計師應該識別出與特定斷言相關的具體控制措施，這些控制措施有可能防止或發現那些斷言中的重大錯誤。這個過程涉及評估內部控制系統的設計和運作，以及控制措施如何與財務報表的各項斷言相關聯。 選項"A"是不正確的。固有風險是指在不考慮內部控制的情況下，由於錯誤的存在可能導致某個賬戶或交易類型出現重大錯誤的風險。固有風險的評估是獨立於控制風險進行的，因此不會因為審計師基於內部控制的有效運作而調整固有風險的評估。

Question 98

The scope of an audit is not restricted when an attorney's response to an auditor as a result of a client's letter of audit inquiry limits the response to: A. The probable outcome of asserted claims and pending or threatened litigation. B. The attorney's opinion of the entity's historical experience in recent similar litigation. C. Matters to which the attorney has given substantive attention in the form of legal representation. D. An evaluation of the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome of the matters disclosed by the entity.

Answer 98

選項"C"是正確的。當律師的回應限於其已經實質性關注並提供法律代表服務的事項時，審計的範圍不會受限。律師可能會限制其回應於被認為個別或集體材料的事項。 選項"D"是不正確的。當律師的回應僅限於對被披露事項不利結果可能性的評估時，可能會限制審計的範圍。律師的回應應包含對索賠性質、進展以及應對意圖的描述。 選項"B"是不正確的。當律師的回應僅限於對實體在近期類似訴訟中的歷史經驗的看法時，可能會限制審計的範圍。律師的回應應當針對當前情況，而當前情況可能與歷史經驗不同。 選項"A"是不正確的。當律師的回應僅限於已主張索賠和懸而未決或威脅性訴訟的可能結果時，可能會限制審計的範圍。律師的回應還應包含對索賠性質、迄今進展和應對意圖的描述，以及未主張的索賠。

Question 99

The degree of audit risk always present in an audit engagement is referred to as a combination of nonsampling and sampling risk. Which of the following is an example of nonsampling risk? A. A control not being as effective as the auditor believes. B. The auditor selecting inappropriate auditing procedures. C. The auditor concluding the account balance is not materially misstated when it is, in fact, materially misstated. D. A control being more effective than the auditor believes.

Answer 99

選項"B"是正確的。非抽樣風險包括所有不由於抽樣而產生的審計風險方面。非抽樣風險的例子包括審計師選擇了不適當的審計程序、使用了不恰當的審計證據，以及審計師未能識別所檢查文件中的錯誤。 選項"A"是不正確的。控制措施實際效果不如審計師所認為的有效是抽樣風險的一個例子。這是評估控制風險過低的風險。 選項"C"是不正確的。審計師錯誤地結論賬戶餘額沒有重大錯報的情況是抽樣風險的一個例子。這是錯誤接受的風險。 選項"D"是不正確的。抽樣風險源於當測試控制或實質性測試僅限於一個樣本時，審計師的結論可能與如果對賬戶餘額或交易類別中的所有項目進行了測試所得出的結論不同的可能性。控制措施實際效果比審計師所認為的更有效是抽樣風險的一個例子。這是評估控制風險過高的風險。

Question 100

Which of the following factors most likely would cause a CPA not to accept a new audit engagement? A. The inability to review the predecessor auditor's working papers. B. The prospective client's unwillingness to permit inquiry of its legal counsel.

Answer 100

選擇"A"是不正確的，因為無法審閱前任審計師的工作底稿並不一定會導致會計師拒絕接受新的審計任務。根據專業審計標準，即使不能審閱前任審計師的工作底稿，新上任的審計師仍可以進行審計，只是他們需要執行適當程度的工作來證實開戶財務報表餘額的正確性。 專業標準要求審計師在計劃和實施審計工作時，對客戶的財務報表開戶餘額進行足夠的審計程序，以獲得對這些餘額的合理保證。這可以通過執行其他審計程序來實現，例如詢問管理層、觀察存貨盤點、檢視後續事項或其他獨立的證據。 相反，選擇"B"是正確的，因為如果潛在客戶不願意允許審計師詢問其法律顧問，這可能會阻礙審計師獲取審計證據，特別是關於潛在訴訟、索賠和評估的信息。這些信息對於評估公司的財務狀況和了解可能影響財務報表的法律事項是必不可少的。如果這些信息無法獲得，會計師可能無法對財務報表的某些方面發表意見，這可能會導致會計師拒絕接受審計任務或提供帶有保留意見的審計報告。

Question 101

Communicating to the audit team an increased need for professional skepticism during an audit in response to assessed risks of material misstatement at the financial statement level is an example of: A. A combined approach. B. A substantive procedure. C. A test of controls. D. An overall response.

Answer 101

**選項"D"（整體響應）**是正確的，因為這種溝通活動是對審計整體策略的一部分調整，旨在提高團隊對可能出現的錯報風險的警覺性。這不是針對任何具體的審計程序，而是關於如何在整個審計過程中執行這些程序的指導。 **選項"A"（綜合方法）**是不正確的。綜合方法指的是審計師同時進行控制測試和實質性程序。提高專業懷疑態度的需求是一種整體策略，而不是一種結合控制測試和實質性程序的方法。 **選項"B"（實質性程序）**是不正確的。實質性程序是指直接測試賬戶餘額、交易或披露的金額的審計程序。提高專業懷疑態度的需求是關於審計方法的整體指導，而不是特定的實質性測試。 **選項"C"（控制測試）**是不正確的。控制測試是指審計師測試客戶存在的內部控制措施。提高專業懷疑態度的需求與測試內部控制的效力無關，而是一個關於如何進行整個審計工作的整體策略。

Question 102

Which of the following is a sampling risk that is associated with the efficiency of an audit? A. Risk of assessing control risk too high. B. Risk of incorrect acceptance. C. Inherent risk. D. Detection risk.

Answer 102

**选项"A"（评估控制风险过高）**是正确的，因为这种风险与审计的效率相关联。如果审计师过高地评估了控制风险，可能导致他们进行更多的实质性测试而不是依赖内部控制，这样会增加审计工作量和时间，从而影响审计效率。实际上，如果内部控制实际上比审计师评估的更有效，那么这种过度的审计活动就是不必要的。 **选项"B"（错误接受风险）**是不正确的，因为这种风险与审计的有效性相关。错误接受风险是指审计师错误地认为财务报表的某个方面没有重大错报的风险，而实际上存在重大错报。这会导致审计师无法发现实际存在的问题，影响审计的有效性。 **选项"C"（固有风险）和选项"D"（检测风险）**都不正确，因为它们都不是抽样风险。固有风险是指在没有考虑内部控制的情况下，某一断言出现重大错报的潜在风险。检测风险是指审计师未能通过实施适当的审计程序来发现存在的重大错报的风险。这两种风险与审计的整体风险模型相关，而不是直接关联到审计效率或抽样风险。

Question 103

When using classical variables sampling for estimation, an auditor normally evaluates the sampling results by calculating the possible error in either direction. This statistical concept is known as: A. Standard deviation. B. Projected error. C. Reliability. D. Precision.

Answer 103

*选项"D"（精度）**是正确的，因为精度描述的是审计师对抽样结果的评估，特别是关注可能误差的范围。在审计背景下，精度通常与误差的允许上限有关，这个上限反映了在给定置信度下，整体估计值可能偏离总体真实值的程度。 **选项"A"（标准偏差）**是不正确的。标准偏差是度量一组数据分布的变异性或离散程度的统计量，它表明数据点与平均值的偏离程度。虽然标准偏差是评估数据变异性的重要工具，但它本身并不直接用于评估抽样结果的可能误差范围。 **选项"B"（预测误差）**是不正确的。预测误差指的是基于样本结果对总体中的误差进行的最佳估计。尽管预测误差是审计师用来估计总体误差的一种方法，但“精度”更直接地涉及到评估可能误差范围的概念。 **选项"C"（可靠性）**是不正确的。可靠性衡量的是使用的程序频繁地在估计值和总体值之间产生差异的程度。尽管可靠性是一个重要的统计概念，特别是在评估抽样方法的有效性时，但它并不是直接用于描述审计师通过计算两个方向上可能误差的统计概念。

Question 104

Which of the following would be considered an analytical procedure? A. Projecting the deviation rate of a statistical sample to the population. B. Testing purchasing, shipping, and receiving cutoff activities. C. Comparing inventory balances to recent sales activities. D. Reconciling physical counts to perpetual records and general ledger balances.

Answer 104

分析性程序（Analytical Procedures）的例子 比较本期与前期的财务比率：例如，审计师可能会比较本期的应收账款周转率与前期的比率，以识别收款周期的任何显著变化。 趋势分析：审计师可能会分析销售收入、成本和其他重要财务指标多年的趋势，以识别不符合预期的变化。 行业比较：将客户的财务数据与行业平均水平或主要竞争对手进行比较，以评估客户的财务表现是否符合行业趋势。 **选项"C"（对库存余额与近期销售活动进行比较）**代表了分析性程序的应用，因为它涉及对财务数据间关系的评估。这种比较有助于识别数据之间可能存在的不一致性或异常趋势，是分析性程序的典型例子。 实质性测试（Substantive Tests）的例子 实质性分析性程序：审计师可能会计算并分析毛利率的变化，以检测可能的库存评估问题或销售收入的错误记录。 测试详细信息： 对账测试：例如，将银行对账单与公司账簿进行对账，以确认现金余额的准确性。 确认：向第三方（如客户或供应商）发送确认函，以独立验证应收账款或应付账款的余额。 检查支持文件：审计师可能会检查采购订单、发票和付款记录，以验证交易的发生、金额和分类的准确性。 测试控制（Tests of Controls）的例子 观察：审计师现场观察库存计数过程，以评估是否遵循了适当的内部控制程序。 询问和访谈：与财务和非财务人员讨论其执行的内部控制活动，如授权支出的程序。 检查文件和记录：审查员工的时间卡是否得到了适当的批准，或者检查合同是否有必要的签字和批准。 重新执行客户的控制活动：审计师可能会重新执行某些控制，如重新计算工资表，以验证控制活动的执行是否正确。

Question 105

Confirmation of accounts receivable that have been categorized initially by an auditor as "exceptions" most likely could be due to: A. Responses that were faxed rather than mailed to the auditor. B. Payments mailed to the client that have not been recorded. C. Accounts receivable that have been classified as uncollectible. D. Customers who have credit or zero balances with the client.

Answer 105

这道题目考察的是审计师在执行应收账款确认过程中遇到的所谓“异常”情况的理解。异常是指在确认过程中发现的与实体记录信息不符的情况。正确理解何种情况最可能导致异常的识别，对于评估和处理这些异常至关重要。 **选项"B"（客户已邮寄给客户的付款未被记录）**是正确的，因为这种情况直接导致了实体的记录与客户提供的确认信息之间的差异。如果客户已经寄出了付款，但该付款在确认日期（如12/31/Year 1）时尚未被实体记录，客户在确认时可能会指出他们的余额为$0，而实体的记录则显示还有未结余额。这种差异需要审计师进一步调查，以确定是否存在错报。 **选项"A"（通过传真而非邮寄向审计师确认的回应）**是不正确的。回应的传递方式（传真或邮寄）不会直接导致异常。异常是指信息不符，而非确认方式的问题。尽管电子确认可能需要额外的验证步骤，但这并不构成异常。 **选项"C"（已被分类为无法收回的应收账款）**是不正确的。应收账款的不可收回性关乎于估值的问题，而与存在性或权利和义务的确认无关。即使客户确认了欠款余额的正确性，这也不会被视为异常，因为确认目的是验证余额的存在性，而非其可收回性。 **选项"D"（有信用余额或零余额的客户的确认）**也是不正确的。拥有信用余额或零余额的客户的确认不会被初始分类为异常。异常是指实体记录与确认方提供的信息之间存在差异的情况，而拥有信用余额或零余额本身并不构成信息差异，除非实体记录显示与此不符的信息。

Question 106

Question: Which of the following is not a method of analyzing financial information? A. Calculating the percentage of each income statement item relative to net sales for industry comparison. B. Estimating the rate of errors by comparing sample results to the overall data. C. Predicting this year's expenses using last year's figures and the current budget, then comparing with the reported amounts. D. Forecasting this year's sales based on industry trends and comparing with the reported sales.

Answer 106

不被视为分析性程序的例子： **选项"B"（通过比较统计样本的结果与实际总体特征来预测偏差率）**正确地被指出为不属于分析性程序。这是因为它涉及到使用统计方法来评估样本结果是否代表整个总体，而不是通过分析财务数据间的关系或趋势来识别可能的异常。这种方法更多地关联于实质性测试的一部分，尤其是在测试控制有效性或评估账户余额的正确性时使用的统计抽样技术。 被视为分析性程序的例子： **选项"A"（将收入表账户余额的美元金额转换为净销售额的百分比，以便与行业平均值进行比较）**是一个典型的分析性程序，通过比较公司数据与行业平均值，审计师可以识别出与行业趋势不一致的地方。 **选项"C"（基于前一年的费用和当年的预算估计当年的预期费用，并与财务报表中记录的金额进行比较）**也是分析性程序的一个例子，通过比较实际数据与预期数据，审计师可以识别费用记录是否存在异常。 **选项"D"（基于同一行业类似实体的销售趋势来预测当年的预期净销售额，并与财务报表中记录的金额进行比较）**同样是一个分析性程序，它利用了行业趋势分析来预测公司的销售表现，然后将这些预测与实际记录的销售数据进行比较。

Question 107

Which of the following audit techniques ordinarily would provide an auditor with the least assurance about the operating effectiveness of a control activity? A. Inquiry of client personnel. B. Inspection of documents and reports. C. Observation of client personnel. D. Preparation of system flowcharts.

Answer 107

选项"D"指的是准备系统流程图。虽然这确实涉及审计师对系统的观察和理解，但关键在于流程图的准备主要是为了帮助审计师理解内部控制系统的设计和流程，而不是直接评估这些控制措施是否在实际操作中有效执行。

Question 108

Which of the following documents are examples of audit evidence generated by the client? A. Customer purchase orders and bank statements. B. Shipping documents and receiving reports. C. Bills of lading and accounts receivable confirmations. D. Vendor invoices and packing slips.

Answer 108

在审计过程中，审计证据可以来自于客户内部生成的文档或外部独立来源提供的文档。审计师利用这些证据来评估财务报表的准确性和完整性。理解哪些文档是由客户生成，哪些是从外部获取，对于判断证据的可靠性和相关性至关重要。 客户内部生成的审计证据 **选项"B"（发货单据和接收报告）**是正确的。这些都是客户内部生成的证据，因为它们是由客户自己的操作过程产生的，而不是从企业外部独立来源获得。发货单据记录了客户发出商品的信息，而接收报告记录了客户接收到货物的详细情况。这些内部文档可以帮助审计师评估销售和采购过程的准确性和完整性。 客户外部获取的审计证据 **选项"A"（客户购买订单和银行对账单）**是不正确的，因为这些都是从外部独立来源获得的证据。客户购买订单由客户的客户提供，银行对账单由银行提供，这些独立来源增加了审计证据的可靠性。 **选项"C"（提单和应收账款确认函）**也是不正确的。提单是由运输公司提供的，而应收账款确认函是直接向客户的客户发送并由他们回复的，这些都是从外部独立来源获得的证据。 **选项"D"（供应商发票和装箱单）**同样不正确。这些文档由供应商提供，因此是从企业外部独立来源获得的证据。

Question 109

To determine the sample size for a test of controls, an auditor should consider the tolerable deviation rate, the allowable risk of assessing control risk too low, and the: A. Expected deviation rate. B. Upper deviation rate. C. Risk of incorrect acceptance. D. Risk of incorrect rejection.

Answer 109

**选项"A"（预期的偏差率）**是正确的。预期偏差率是审计师在执行抽样计划之前对总体偏差率的最佳估计。这一估计基于审计师的专业判断和可能的前期测试结果，帮助审计师决定需要多大的样本量来合理评估控制的有效性。 **选项"B"（上限偏差率）**是不正确的。上限偏差率是在执行抽样计划后用于评估余额的概念，它代表在一定置信水平下，总体偏差率可能达到的最高水平。这与确定测试控制的样本大小不直接相关。 **选项"C"（错误接受的风险）和选项"D"（错误拒绝的风险）**都不正确。错误接受的风险和错误拒绝的风险是与实质性测试相关的概念，特别是在评估账户余额或交易的准确性时考虑的风险。在测试控制的背景下，我们更关注控制是否有效，而不是账户余额的直接准确性。

Question 110

In planning an audit, the auditor's knowledge about the design of relevant controls should be used to: A. Identify the types of potential misstatements that could occur. B. Document the assessed level of inherent risk. C. Determine whether controls have been circumvented by collusion. D. Assess the operational efficiency of internal control.

Answer 110

识别潜在的错报类型 **选项"A"（识别可能发生的错报类型）**是正确的。通过了解相关控制的设计，审计师可以识别财务报表中可能出现的错报类型。例如，如果审计师发现一个重要的收入确认控制设计不当，这可能会导致收入被过早或错误地确认，从而增加了收入错报的风险。 内在风险的评估 **选项"B"（记录评估的固有风险水平）**是不正确的。内在风险的评估主要基于业务的性质、经济环境以及其他与控制设计无关的因素。虽然了解控制设计对识别风险有帮助，但固有风险的评估更多地关注于可能导致财务报表错报的因素。 防范勾结绕过控制 **选项"C"（确定控制是否被勾结绕过）**是不正确的。虽然理解控制设计可以帮助识别控制可能被绕过的情况，特别是通过勾结，但这通常不是审计规划阶段的主要关注点。勾结的识别和评估可能在审计过程中的后期阶段进行，尤其是在实质性测试阶段。 内部控制的运行效率 **选项"D"（评估内部控制的运行效率）**是不正确的。审计师关注的是内部控制的运行有效性，而不是其运行效率。有效性关注控制是否能够防止或发现并纠正财务报表中的重大错报，这是审计的关键目标。

Question 111

The refusal of a client's attorney to provide information requested in an inquiry letter generally is considered: A. Equivalent to a significant deficiency in internal control. B. Reason to withdraw from the engagement. C. A limitation on the scope of the audit. D. Grounds for an adverse opinion.

Answer 111

选项"C"（审计范围的限制） 正确。当律师拒绝提供审计询函中请求的信息时，这限制了审计师能够获取的证据范围，因此被视为审计范围的限制。这可能导致审计师无法对财务报表中的某些方面做出全面的评估，进而可能需要审计师发表限制范围的（qualified）或免责的（disclaimer）意见。 如果以下情形发生，审计师可能会考虑退出业务： 管理层信函（Management Representation Letter）未提供：如果客户的管理层拒绝提供管理层信函，这通常被视为一个重大问题。管理层信函是审计过程中的一个关键组成部分，它包含管理层对财务报表准确性的声明和确认。如果管理层不愿提供这种确认，这可能表明存在无法解决的审计风险，导致审计师无法完成审计。 律师询证函（Lawyer's Letter）回应不充分：虽然律师拒绝提供律师询证函不是直接的退出业务理由，但如果律师的回应不充分，导致审计师无法对重大的诉讼、索赔和评估进行适当的评估，且没有其他方式能够获得足够的审计证据，审计师可能会因为这种范围限制而考虑退出业务。 客户拒绝改正或提供关键信息：如果客户拒绝改正已知的重大错报，或者拒绝提供对完成审计至关重要的信息（这可能包括由律师持有的某些文件），并且这些问题对财务报表的公允呈现构成了重大影响，审计师可能会因为无法获取足够的适当审计证据而考虑退出业务。

Question 112

If an auditor of an issuer examines purchase orders obtained from the issuer to verify proper authorization of transactions, then the auditor is conducting: A. A reperformance. B. A confirmation. C. An observation. D. An inspection.

Answer 112

选项"D" - 检查（Inspection）： 正确。检查涉及审查记录或文件，这是审计中常用的一种测试程序。在这种情况下，审计师通过检查采购订单来验证这些交易是否获得了适当的授权，这属于检查文件的过程。 选项"A" - 重执行（Reperformance）： 不正确。重执行是指审计师独立地执行原本作为实体内部控制一部分的程序或控制措施。这与检查发行人提供的采购订单验证授权不同。 选项"B" - 确认（Confirmation）： 不正确。确认是一种特定类型的询证，涉及从独立第三方获取关于账户余额、交易或事件的陈述。例如，审计师可能会向银行或客户发送确认函以验证账户余额或特定交易的准确性。 选项"C" - 观察（Observation）： 不正确。观察是指审计师观看他人执行的过程或程序。例如，审计师可能会观察库存计数过程来评估这一过程的有效性，这与检查文档的活动不同。

Question 113

The trough of a business cycle is generally characterized by: A. Shortages of essential raw materials and rising costs. B. Unused productive capacity and an unwillingness to risk investments. C. Declining purchasing power and unused productive capacity. D. Increasing purchasing power and increasing capital investments.

Answer 113

商业周期低谷的一般特征是（ ）： - A. 基本原材料短缺，成本上升。 B. 生产能力闲置，不愿冒险投资。 C. 购买力下降，生产能力闲置。 D. 购买力增强，资本投资增加。 说明 选择 "B "是正确的。商业周期的低谷是一个经济低点，对未来没有积极的指标。其特点是 其特点是生产能力闲置，不愿意冒险进行新的投资。 选择 "A "不正确。高峰期可能出现短缺。 选择 "C "不正确。购买力下降伴随着通货膨胀；在低谷不太可能。 选择 "D "不正确。购买力的提高和资本投资的增加伴随着经济复苏。

Question 114

When an audit team identifies a high risk of inventory misappropriation that could materially misstate financial statements, how should they adjust their audit approach? A. Examine the entity's inventory protection controls, use analytical procedures, and set an expectation. B. Assess the entity's controls over inventory safeguarding, and conduct a physical count of inventory on the last day of the year. C. Evaluate the entity's inventory safeguarding controls without changing the substantive inventory procedures. D. Check the entity's controls for protecting inventory and carry out inventory counts throughout the year.

Answer 114

Explanation: B is correct because testing at the year-end is an effective method to address the increased risk of material misstatement.

Question 115

In assessing the competence of a client's internal auditor, an independent auditor most likely would consider the: A.Results of ratio analysis that may identify unusual transactions and events. B. Evidence supporting a low assessed level of control risk. C. Client's policies that limit the internal auditor's access to management salary data. D. Internal auditor's compliance with professional internal auditing standards.

Answer 115

选项"D" - 内部审计人员遵守职业内部审计标准的情况 正确。独立审计师会考虑内部审计人员是否遵守了职业内部审计标准。这可以通过审查内部审计人员使用的审计计划和审计程序，以及评估所提供审计文档的质量来评估。遵守职业标准是衡量内部审计人员能力的一个重要指标，因为它反映了内部审计工作的质量和专业性。 其他选项分析： 选项"A" - 比率分析的结果，可能识别出不寻常的交易或事件 不正确。虽然比率分析可能帮助识别不寻常的交易或事件，但这与评估内部审计人员的能力无直接关系。比率分析更多关注财务数据的分析，而不是评估个人的审计技能。 选项"B" - 证据支持控制风险的低评估水平 不正确。外部审计师对控制风险的评估可能部分基于内部审计团队的存在和有效性，但这并不直接提供关于内部审计人员能力的信息。控制风险的评估更多关注控制环境的有效性，而非个别审计人员的能力。 选项"C" - 客户政策限制内部审计人员访问管理层薪酬数据 不正确。内部审计人员是否能够访问管理层薪酬数据与他们的能力无关。这更多涉及到内部审计的权限范围和组织内的信息访问政策，而不是衡量其审计能力的标准。

Question 116

An auditor may consider withdrawing from an engagement when discovering employees have bribed officials, primarily if: A. The client benefits from federal funds. B. Financial statement notes don't mention the bribes. C. There's no proof of the noncompliance acts. D. The bribes undermine trust in management's honesty.

Answer 116

Explanation: D is correct because trust in management's honesty is crucial for reliable audit conclusions.

Question 117

Which of the following is not a reason an auditor may apply audit data analytics (ADAs) when concluding an audit? A. To verify the assertions of accuracy and occurrence for all material transactions. B. The auditor will have a deeper knowledge of the entity being audited and may reperform tests done in the risk assessment process. C. To update existing analytics with numbers that were revised during the audit. D. To gain comfort that no material misstatements went unidentified during the audit.

Answer 117

Choice "A" is correct. These assertions are tested as part of substantive procedures. 如果审计团队在审计结论阶段专注于使用ADAs来单独验证每一笔重大交易的准确性和发生性，他们可能会花费大量时间在重复或过度详细的数据分析上，而忽视了审计的整体目标。例如，团队可能会尝试使用ADAs来分析每一笔大额采购订单的授权流程，以确保每一笔交易都被适当地授权和记录。这种方法不仅效率低下，而且可能导致资源在审计结论阶段被不必要地集中在单个断言上。

Question 118

What best explains why duties should be segregated? A. Dividing transaction roles (like authorization, recording, custody) for new employees. B. Preventing one person from controlling a transaction completely. C. Avoiding giving a single employee too much control over transactions to prevent fraud. D. Assigning all key IT roles to one person.

Answer 118

Explanation: C is correct as it highlights preventing fraud by ensuring no single employee has excessive control over transactions. 选项"C"通常会提供更详细的解释，说明职责分离如何帮助预防和检测欺诈和错误，而选项"B"可能仅概述职责分离的基本目的。

Question 119

which of the following are considered control environment factors? 1. assignment of authority and responsibility 2. detection risk 3. integrity and ethical values

Answer 119

1+3 H: Human resource policies and practices E: Ethical values and integrity L: Leadership (Management's philosophy and operating style) P: Participation of those charged with governance M: Monitoring of controls E: Enforce and communicate (Communication and enforcement of integrity and ethical values) E: Establish and maintain (Commitment to competence)

Question 120

An auditor may achieve audit objectives related to particular assertions by: A. Increasing the level of detection risk. B. Preparing audit documentation. C. Adhering to a system of quality control. D. Performing analytical procedures.

Answer 120

选项"D" - 执行分析程序 正确。审计师依赖实质性测试来实现与特定断言相关的审计目标。分析程序是实质性测试的一种形式，通过比较财务数据之间的关系和趋势，审计师可以评估特定断言的合理性，如收入的完整性或费用的准确性。 其他选项分析： 选项"A" - 提高发现风险的水平 不正确。提高发现风险水平意味着审计师愿意接受高风险，即未检测到财务报表中可能存在的重大错报的风险，这不是通过审计程序直接实现审计目标的方法。 选项"B" - 准备审计文件 不正确。审计文件用于记录已执行的审计程序及其结果，以实现审计目标。仅仅准备审计文件并不实现审计目标，它是审计过程中的记录和证据收集活动。 选项"C" - 遵循质量控制体系 不正确。执行审计的会计师事务所必须遵守质量控制体系，但遵守这一体系本身并不直接帮助实现特定的审计目标。质量控制体系确保审计工作达到一定的标准，但实现具体审计目标需要通过执行具体的审计程序。

Question 121

Checking the accuracy of a file is a form of what type of audit procedure?

Answer 121

recalculation

Question 122

Scanning the repairs and maintenance account for unusually large amounts is what type of audit procedure?

Answer 122

analytical

Question 123

Independent re-creation of client documentation, including the AR aging schedule, is what type of audit procedure?

Answer 123

Reperformance

Question 124

An auditor's principal objective in analyzing repairs and maintenance expense accounts is to: A. Identify plant and equipment assets that cannot be repaired and should be written off. B. Determine that all obsolete plant and equipment assets were written off before the year-end. C. Discover expenditures that were expensed but should have been capitalized. D. Verify that all recorded plant and equipment assets actually exist.

Answer 124

C 審計師在分析「維修和保養費用」賬戶時，主要的目的就是要發現這樣的支出：哪些支出其實是對設備的改善或升級，應該資本化，而不是錯誤地只記錄為維修費用。這樣做可以確保公司的財務報表更準確地反映公司的財務狀況。

Question 125

Which of the following controls is most likely to prevent the improper disposition of equipment? A. The use of serial numbers to identify equipment that could be sold. B. Periodic comparison of removal work orders to authorizing documentation. C. A separation of duties between those authorized to dispose of equipment and those authorized to approve removal work orders. D. A periodic analysis of the scrap sales and the repairs and maintenance accounts.

Answer 125

选择“C”是正确的。将授权处置设备的人员与授权批准拆除工作订单的人员的职责分开，最有可能防止设备的不当处理。 选择“A”是错误的。跟踪序列号是一个很好的审计和控制活动，但它不会防止设备的不当处置。 选择“B”和“D”是错误的。定期比较拆除工作订单与授权文件以及定期分析废料销售和维修保养账户可能会发现已经发生的不当处置，但这样的程序不会防止不当处置。

Question 126

Which of the following management roles would typically be acknowledged in a management representation letter? A. Management's compensation is contingent upon operating results. B. Management has the responsibility for the design of controls to detect fraud. C. Management communicates its views on ethical behavior to its employees. D. Management's knowledge of fraud is communicated to the audit committee.

Answer 126

选择“B”是正确的。管理层在其管理代表信中承认其负责设计用于检测和预防欺诈的控制措施的责任。 选择“A”是错误的。这不会在管理代表信中被通报。这是与欺诈性财务报告相关联的一个风险因素。 选择“C”是错误的。审计师应询问管理层如何向员工传达其对道德行为的看法，作为获取对实体内部控制设计理解的一部分。这个事项通常不包括在管理代表信中。 选择“D”是错误的。管理代表信关注的是管理层向审计师做出的陈述，而不是管理层向审计委员会做出的陈述。

Question 127

Question: Tina is compiling vouchers in the accounts payable department at Big Time Sales Co. and performing a three-way match. Which document does she NOT need to review? Options: A. Purchase order. B. Receiving report. C. Bill of lading. D. Supplier invoice.

Answer 127

C 採購訂單（Purchase Order）：顯示公司已經訂購的商品或服務，以及採購的條款和條件。 收貨報告（Receiving Report）：證明公司已經收到了訂購的商品或服務，並記錄了收到的數量和條件。 供應商發票（Supplier Invoice）：供應商發出的請求付款的文件，詳細列出了所提供商品或服務的價格和條款。

Question 128

Which of the following internal control procedures most likely addresses the completeness assertion for inventory? A.There is a separation of duties between payroll department and inventory accounting personnel. B. Receiving reports are prenumbered and periodically reconciled. C. Work in process account is periodically reconciled with subsidiary records. D. Employees responsible for custody of finished goods do not perform the receiving function.

Answer 128

選擇“B”是正確的。預先編號的收貨報告和定期與庫存記錄對賬的內部控制程序最有可能針對庫存的完整性斷言，因為它允許審計師確定是否所有收到的貨物都已記錄為庫存。 選擇“A”是錯誤的。工資部門和庫存會計人員職責的分離與庫存的估值（定價）有關，而不是其完整性。 選擇“C”是錯誤的。將在製品賬戶（根據總賬）與子記錄（直接材料、直接勞工、間接費用）進行對賬，測試這些記錄是否正確對接，但不提供有關庫存完整性斷言的任何信息。 選擇“D”是錯誤的。將負責保管成品的員工與收貨功能分開，涉及保護資產的安全，而不是庫存記錄的完整性。

Question 129

Which of the following controls is least likely to be used to safeguard cash? A. Receiving reports. B. Segregation of duties. C. Lock box. D. Bank statement.

Answer 129

选项“A”是正确的。收货报告主要用于跟踪和控制库存的接收，确保收到的商品与订购的商品相匹配。它们在防止库存盗窃方面可能有帮助，但对于防止现金盗窃通常不直接产生控制作用。因此，与保护现金的直接关系最小。 选项“B”错误。职责分离是防止现金盗窃的关键控制之一。通过确保没有单一个人同时控制现金的收取、记录和核对等多个环节，可以大大降低盗窃现金并隐藏盗窃行为的风险。 选项“C”错误。锁箱系统（Lock box）是一种让客户直接将付款汇入公司银行账户的安排，这样可以减少现金在手的量，降低被盗的风险，是保护现金的有效控制手段。 选项“D”错误。银行对账单是通过与公司记录进行比对来发现现金交易差异的重要工具。虽然银行对账单本身不防止现金被盗，但它可以帮助及时发现现金的不当使用或盗窃行为，因此是一种重要的监督控制措施。

Question 130

在没有使用独立信托代理人的情况下，公司如何通过内部控制措施来保护其可市场化证券。 Options: A. The board's investment committee reviews the treasurer's investment choices periodically. B. Two officials jointly control the securities stored in a bank safe-deposit box. C. The board's chairman checks the securities in the bank safe-deposit box annually. D. The internal auditor and controller independently track all transactions of securities from detailed records to the main ledger.

Answer 130

这个问题考察的是在没有使用独立信托代理人的情况下，公司如何通过内部控制措施来保护其可市场化证券。各个选项提供了不同的内部控制手段，但目的是确定哪种控制最有效地保护公司的可市场化证券免受盗窃或滥用的风险。 选项“B”是正确的，因为它直接涉及到对可市场化证券实际保管的控制措施。通过要求两名公司官员共同控制存放在银行保险箱中的证券，这种双重控制机制显著增加了安全性，因为任何非法取用或处置证券都需要这两名官员的合谋，从而减少了盗窃或误用的机会。 选项“A”提供了对投资决策的审查，这确实是一个重要的监督控制，但它更多地关注投资决策的合理性，而不直接涉及到证券的物理保护。 选项“C”中，虽然董事会主席每年对证券进行验证可以作为一种监督措施，但由于这种控制的执行频率较低（每年一次），其在日常保护证券方面的效果有限。 选项“D”涉及到对购买和销售活动的记录和跟踪，这有助于确保财务报表的准确性，并可以发现未经授权的交易，但这种控制手段并不直接保护证券免受物理损失或盗窃。

Question 131

Which of the following matters most likely would be included in a management representation letter? A. A statement that all material internal control weaknesses have been corrected. B. An assessment of the risk factors concerning the misappropriation of assets. C. A statement that the effects of all known or possible litigation and claims have been accounted for and disclosed. D. An evaluation of the litigation that has been filed against the entity.

Answer 131

了解管理层代表信的目的：管理层代表信的主要目的是为了让管理层确认财务报表中的信息的完整性和准确性。这通常涉及到对财务报表的确认、后续事件、诉讼和索赔等方面的声明。 分析选项内容： 选项A（所有重大内控缺陷已被纠正）：虽然内控对于财务报告的准确性非常重要，但管理层代表信更多关注的是财务报表本身的准确性和完整性，而不是内控的状态。 选项B（对资产挪用风险因素的评估）：这更像是审计规划阶段的工作，而管理层代表信主要是确认财务报表相关事项。 选项C（所有已知或可能的诉讼和索赔的效果已被计算并披露）：这直接关系到财务报表的完整性和准确性，因为诉讼和索赔可能对财务状况有重大影响，需要在财务报表中得到妥善披露。 选项D（对已对实体提起的诉讼进行评估）：虽然诉讼评估对于财务报表的准确性很重要，但管理层代表信更倾向于确认而不是评估的内容。

Question 132

Which of the following practices indicates a weakness in a company's internal control over cash disbursements? Options: A. The accounts payable department cancels the voucher packages after checks are mailed by the Treasurer. B. Accounts payable prepares and approves voucher packages before sending them to the Treasurer for payment. C. Payments are recorded in the general ledger by the accounting department after the Treasurer pays the vouchers. D. The Treasurer prepares, signs, and mails checks after receiving the voucher packages.

Answer 132

选项“A”是正确的。这表示现金支出内部控制的一个弱点。在标准的内部控制流程中，应付账款部门负责准备和验证支持文件的准确性，并批准未付的凭证包。然后，这些凭证包被转交给财务主管（Treasurer），财务主管审核文件，并签发并邮寄支票给供应商。理想情况下，财务主管负责取消凭证包，并将其保留在已取消的凭证包档案中。如果让应付账款部门取消凭证包，就存在一个控制弱点，因为凭证包可能会在未来再次被发送给财务主管进行支付。 凭证包（voucher package）是一个会计术语，指的是与特定交易相关的一组文件和记录的集合。这些文件通常包括支持交易的证据，如发票、采购订单、收货报告以及其他验证交易发生和金额正确性的文件。在处理应付账款和现金支出的内部控制系统中，凭证包起着核心作用。 以下是凭证包的主要组成部分和它们的作用： 采购订单（Purchase Order）：由购买部门发出，向供应商订购商品或服务的正式文件。它详细说明了购买的商品或服务、数量、价格以及交货条件。 收货报告（Receiving Report）：当货物到达时，仓库或接收部门创建的文件，证明已经收到了采购订单中指定的商品，并记录了接收的数量和状况。 供应商发票（Supplier Invoice）：供应商提供的账单，详细列出了所提供的商品或服务和要求支付的金额。它用于请求付款。 支付授权（Payment Authorization）：经过验证所有文件相符后，财务或会计部门发出的内部文件，批准支付供应商发票的金额。

Question 133

According to PCAOB standards which one of the following statements does not reflect a qualitative standard that should be considered when evaluating the materiality of an uncorrected misstatement? A. The cost of the correction. B. The dollar amount of the error. C. The significance of the misstatement relative to the needs of users. D. The effects of misclassifications, for example, between operating and nonoperating.

Answer 133

**选项“B”**是正确的，因为错报的美元金额是一个定量标准，而不是定性标准。定量标准通常涉及到具体的数字或大小，用于衡量错报是否达到了重要性的阈值。 **选项“A”**提到的更正成本是一个定性标准，因为它涉及到评估更正错报所需投入的资源和努力，这可能影响管理层决定是否更正该错报的考虑。“更正成本”虽然可以用具体数字表示，但它被认为是一个定性标准的原因在于，更正成本的考虑涉及对错报更正的后果、影响和适宜性的评估，而不仅仅是对成本的量化分析。 在审计和财务报告的背景下，评估未更正错报的重要性不仅仅基于错报的金额大小（这是一个定量的考量），还包括对错报背后的原因、其对财务报表用户决策可能产生的影响、以及更正错报所需成本的考虑。这些考量超越了简单的数字分析，涉及到对错报性质和上下文的理解，以及对利益相关者如何解读这些信息的预测。

Question 134

To provide assurance that each voucher is submitted and paid only once, an auditor most likely would examine a sample of paid vouchers and determine whether each voucher is: A. Supported by a vendor's invoice and purchase order. B. Stamped "paid" by the check signer. C. Returned to the vouchers payable department. D. Prenumbered and accounted for.

Answer 134

这个问题探讨的是审计师如何确保每个凭证只被提交和支付一次，以防止重复支付的风险。正确选项基于对内部控制措施的理解，特别是与支付凭证处理相关的措施。 选项“B”是正确的。审计师验证每个凭证是否被支票签发人盖上了“已支付”印章，是为了确保每个凭证只被提交和支付一次。这种控制措施直接防止了同一个凭证被重复支付的可能性。 **选项“A”**错误。虽然凭证应该由供应商发票和采购订单支持，但这并不能防止同一个凭证无意中被重复支付。 **选项“C”**错误。支付的凭证应该返回给会计部门，以便记录支付和归档文件，但这并不能防止在凭证返回会计部门之前无意中被重复支付。 **选项“D”**错误。凭证应该是预编号的并且被追踪，但这并不能防止同一个凭证无意中被重复支付。

Question 135

Which of the following procedures most likely would be considered a weakness in an entity's internal controls over payroll? A. Payroll checks are prepared by the payroll department and signed by the treasurer. B. The personnel department sends employees' termination notices to the payroll department. C. A voucher for the amount of the payroll is prepared in the general accounting department based on the payroll department's payroll summary. D. The employee who distributes payroll checks returns unclaimed payroll checks to the payroll department. Explanation

Answer 135

选项“D”被认为是一个内部控制弱点，原因是如果分发工资支票的员工将未领取的支票返回给工资部门，这可能为不诚实的工资部门员工提供机会设置虚假员工并挪用这些返回的支票。理想的做法是应该将未领取的支票交给财务部门中的出纳员，这样可以增加控制措施，防止支票被不当使用。这个措施确保了对资金流动的适当监督和控制，减少了欺诈的机会。 其他选项描述的是正常的内部控制措施，它们分别是： **选项“C”**描述了一个好的控制措施，即总会计部门根据工资部门的工资汇总准备支付工资的凭证。这种分离职责确保了支付过程的透明度和准确性。 **选项“A”**表明工资支票由工资部门准备，但由财务主管（如财务部长）签名。这种控制措施通过分离支票准备和签名的职责来增强安全性。 **选项“B”**涉及到人事部门将员工的入职和离职通知发送到工资部门。这个程序确保了工资部门及时更新员工状态，从而正确计算工资和避免支付给不再是公司员工的个人。

Question 136

Which of the following is likely to ensure that sales transactions are properly authorized? Options: A. Billing and cash receipts duties are separated. B. Sales orders must be approved by the credit department. C. Sales are based on an approved pricing list. D. Approved sales orders are sent to shipping, billing, and accounting departments.

Answer 136

**选项"B"**是正确的，因为在处理订单之前，由信贷部门批准销售订单是确保销售活动得到适当授权的关键控制手段。信贷批准可以确保客户具有足够的信用度，从而减少坏账风险。 **选项"A"**是错误的，因为财务部门和收款审批部门之间的职责分离更多地与防止现金盗窃有关，而不是销售活动的适当授权。 **选项"C"**是错误的，因为使用批准的价格表来确定单价涉及到销售价格的准确性和适当性，而不是销售活动的适当授权。 **选项"D"**是错误的，发送批准的销售订单副本到发货、开票和会计部门是为了提供必要的信息，确保正确的商品被发货，发票得到适当的准备，销售和应收账款得到正确记录。然而，由于是批准后的销售订单的副本被发送，这一程序发生在确保销售得到适当授权的过程之后，因此不能保证销售活动在一开始就得到了适当的授权。

Question 137

Question: Which statement is likely to be included in the written representations an auditor obtains from management? Options: A. All restrictions on cash balances have been disclosed. B. Management accepts responsibility for any illegal acts committed by employees. C. There is enough evidence for the auditor to issue an unmodified opinion. D. There are no material weaknesses in the company’s internal control.

Answer 137

**选项"A"**是正确的，因为管理层通常需要确认所有的补偿性余额或其他限制现金的安排已经被披露。这是因为补偿性余额和其他限制性现金安排可能会影响用户对公司流动性和财务状况的理解。 **选项"B"**是错误的，因为管理层代表信的目的是确认财务报表的公允呈现，而不是对员工的非法行为承担责任。当然，如果管理层知道任何非法行为，它们应当披露给审计师，但这通常不会包括在代表信中。 **选项"C"**是错误的，审计师不能要求管理层确认是否有足够的审计证据来发表无保留意见。这是审计师自己需要做出的判断，基于他们对审计证据的评估。 **选项"D"**是错误的，虽然管理层负责设计和维护内部控制，但审计师需要独立判断是否存在内部控制的重大弱点。这种判断不会要求管理层在代表信中做出确认。

Question 138

In testing long-term investments, an auditor ordinarily would use analytical procedures to ascertain the reasonableness of the: A. Valuation of marketable equity securities. B. Existence of unrealized gains or losses in the portfolio. C. Classification between balance sheet portfolios. D. Completeness of recorded investment income.

Answer 138

**选项"D"**是正确的。在测试长期投资时，审计师通常会使用分析程序来核实记录的投资收入的完整性。这可能包括与预期金额（基于相关利率、宣布的股息等）进行比较，并与前一年审计的收入余额进行比较。这种分析有助于识别是否有投资收入未被记录或者记录不完整。 **选项"A"**是错误的。为了测试市场可交易股权证券的估值，审计师更有可能使用市场行情进行比较（成本法），或者检查被投资公司经审计的财务报表（权益法）。 **选项"B"**是错误的。为了识别并量化投资组合中未实现的收益或损失，审计师会检查《华尔街日报》（或其他来源）上的交易价格，对于按成本法计量的长期投资。对于按权益法计量的，则会审查被投资公司的经审计财务报表。 **选项"C"**是错误的。在资产负债表中，投资分类的测试最有可能通过确认投资的条款和向管理层询问他们打算持有证券多长时间来进行。

Question 139

In a well designed internal control, employees in the same department most likely would approve purchase orders, and also: A. Reconcile the open invoice file. B. Negotiate terms with vendors. C. Inspect goods upon receipt. D. Authorize requisitions of goods.

Answer 139

**选项"B"**是正确的，因为在采购部门内，员工批准采购订单的同时也最有可能与供应商协商条款。这两项职责的集中有助于确保采购活动的效率和有效性，同时也保证了采购条件符合公司的最佳利益。 **选项"A"**是错误的，因为开发票文件的对账通常是应付账款部门的职责，而不是采购部门。这种职责分离有助于确保交易的准确性和完整性，通过独立的审核流程来增加控制的有效性。 **选项"C"**是错误的，因为收货部门的员工负责检查收到的货物，而采购部门批准采购订单。这种分离确保了收到的货物符合采购订单的规格和质量要求，通过独立检查减少接收不符合要求的商品的风险。 **选项"D"**是错误的，因为原材料库存区（或仓储部门）的员工负责批准货物的领用单，而采购部门负责批准采购订单。这种职责分离有助于控制库存的使用和采购流程，确保只有授权和必要的物资被采购和领用。

Question 140

Question: Which of the following internal control activities is least likely to prevent billing errors? Options: A. Checking if the total sales invoices match the total in the accounts receivable ledger. B. Ensuring that shipping documents match approved sales orders before billing. C. Implementing automated checks on invoice accuracy and pricing. D. Comparing the totals of shipping documents to the totals on sales invoices.

Answer 140

选项“A”中的内部控制措施涉及到对销售发票的控制总额和应收账款分户账进行对账。用一个更简单明了的方式来解释就是： 这个控制措施是在检查销售记录（即我们卖出了什么）与我们认为客户欠我们多少钱（即应收账款记录）之间是否一致。尽管这个过程对于确保整体财务记录的准确性很重要，但它并不直接帮助我们识别或防止在开具发票时可能发生的错误，比如错误的定价或者是对未发货商品的开票。

Question 140

For effective internal control, the accounts payable department generally should: A. Ascertain that each requisition is approved as to price, quantity, and quality by an authorized employee. B. Stamp, perforate, or otherwise cancel supporting documentation after payment is mailed. C. Obliterate the quantity ordered on the receiving department copy of the purchase order. D. Establish the agreement of the vendor's invoice with the receiving report and purchase order.

Answer 140

选项"D"是正确的。在一个有效的内部控制系统中，应付账款职员应确保在提交付款凭证之前，支持文件（发票、收货报告和采购订单）之间是一致的。这是确保付款的准确性和合法性的关键控制措施。 选项"A"是错误的。是采购部门负责在准备采购订单之前，确认申请单就价格、数量和质量得到适当批准。应付账款部门直到购买过程完成后才参与进来。 选项"B"是错误的。支持文件的取消应该在支票邮寄后由财务主管（而不是应付账款部门）执行。这样做是为了防止支付文件被重复使用。 选项"C"是错误的。将不显示预期金额的采购订单副本发送给收货部门是一个良好的控制措施。然而，通常是采购部门（而不是应付账款部门）在将采购订单发送给收货之前，删除订单数量。 选项"A"、"B"和"C"引入了其他部门的职责，而问题明确询问的是应付账款部门的内部控制措施。 选项"D"直接关联到应付账款部门在处理付款前进行的核对活动，这个活动确保了支付的准确性和合法性，因此是最直接解决问题焦点的选项。

Question 141

In an audit report on a nonissuer's financial statements, what should the auditor indicate regarding significant deficiencies in internal control? Options: A. Internal control may fail to detect errors or fraud due to inherent limitations. B. Corrective actions are needed for an unmodified opinion on the financial statements. C. The audit's purpose was to report on the financial statements, not on internal control assurance. D. A material weakness is present if deficiencies weren't timely detected by employees during their normal duties.

Answer 141

选项“A”提到的是内部控制的固有局限性，即错误或欺诈可能发生且不被检测到。确实，这是一个正确且重要的概念，因为任何内部控制系统都无法保证完美无缺，总有可能出现未被及时发现的错误或欺诈。然而，在具体讨论审计师在财务报表审计中就内部控制相关事项进行沟通时，选项“A”的表述并不是通常包含在关于重大缺陷的报告中的内容。 关键在于审计师的沟通目的和沟通内容的特定环境。审计师在财务报表审计中发现的内部控制缺陷的沟通，旨在指出那些可能对财务报表的公允呈现产生重大影响的内部控制问题。这种沟通的目的是让管理层和（如果适用）治理层意识到这些问题，而不是提供一个关于内部控制系统固有局限性的一般性声明。 **选项"C"**是正确的，因为它直接指出了审计的主要目的：报告财务报表，而不是提供关于内部控制的保证。这个声明直接相关于审计师的责任和财务报表审计的范围。

Question 142

What statement is most likely to be included in a management representation letter? Options: A. We won't provide information that might give up legal privilege. B. Audit evidence may only be in electronic form and not kept long. C. We haven't told you about any major issues with how we control things that we found last year. D. Nothing big happened after the end of the year that would change the numbers or need to be mentioned in the reports.

Answer 142

管理层代表信的主要目的是让管理层对财务报表中的信息进行书面确认，确保提供给审计师的信息是完整和准确的。 1.财务报表的完整性和准确性：确认财务报表反映了所有相关的财务信息。 2.认可、计量和披露：确认财务报表中使用的会计政策和计量基础是适当的，并且所有必要的披露都已完成。 3.后续事件：确认余额表日期后没有发生需要调整或披露的重大事件。 **选项"A"**关于保留律师-客户特权的信息，通常不会包含在管理层代表信中。代表信关注的是财务信息的准确性和完整性，而不是法律事务的具体细节。 **选项"B"**提到的计算机文件和审计证据的性质，虽然重要，但也不是代表信通常包含的内容。代表信更多关注于确认财务信息，而不是审计过程中的具体操作细节。 **选项"C"**提到的关于内部控制的重大缺陷通报，虽然对于审计很重要，但这种通报通常是通过其他形式完成的，如内部控制报告，而不是通过管理层代表信。 **选项"D"**涉及后续事件，这是代表信中经常包含的内容之一。管理层需要确认余额表日期后没有发生需要调整或披露的重大事件，这直接关联到财务报表的准确性和完整性。

Question 143

Management representations should be obtained about all of the following, except: A. The absence of unrecorded transactions. B. Management's consultation with other accountants. C.Instances of immaterial fraud involving employees who have significant roles in internal control. D. Corrected misstatements identified by the auditor.

Answer 143

选择 "B "是正确的。审计师可以与负责治理的人员讨论管理层与其他会计师的协商，但不需要就这种协商作出陈述。

Question 144

Question: What test would an auditor most likely perform to check the existence and occurrence of a client's debt transactions? Options: A. Compare interest payments with the debt balance to assess accuracy. B. Review minutes and inspect agreements for evidence of new debts. C. Assess whether debt is classified as short-term or long-term based on maturity dates. D. Check the interest expense account for payments not listed in the debt records.

Answer 144

解释： 选项 B 是正确的，因为审查董事会会议记录以寻找新债务协议的证据，然后检查这些协议，就可以直接检验债务的存在和发生。 选项 A 不正确，因为它主要评估债务的估值和准确性，而不是债务的存在。 选项 C 不正确，因为它侧重于债务的陈述和分类，而不是债务的存在或发生。 选项 D 不正确，因为它主要测试债务列表的完整性，而不是直接测试债务交易的存在或发生。

Question 145

Question: Which of the following is not typically required to be disclosed in the financial statement footnotes about cash? Options: A. Requirements for compensating balances. B. Detailed split between petty cash and short-term investments. C. Restrictions on cash use, such as for a sinking fund. D. The company’s definition of cash and cash equivalents.

Answer 145

选项"B"不被要求的原因是，财务报表的目的是提供关于企业财务状况和运营结果的有用信息，而不是提供每一个账户或交易的详尽细节。特别是对于现金和现金等价物，更重要的是披露可能影响企业对现金的使用和管理的重要信息，例如： 选项"A"（补偿余额要求）：这些是企业为了维持特定信贷安排而必须保持在银行账户中的最低余额要求，对企业的现金流和资金管理有直接影响。 选项"C"（现金的具体限制，包括偿债基金要求）：这些是限制企业使用特定现金的条款，可能对企业的资金分配和财务策略产生重要影响。 选项"D"（定义现金和现金等价物的客户政策）：这个披露有助于财务报表的用户理解企业在编制财务报表时，如何界定现金和现金等价物，对于理解企业的流动性状况至关重要。

Question 146

An auditor suspects that a client is fraudulently overstating revenue by recording fictitious sales. Which of the following audit procedures would most likely be used to identify this situation? A. Select a sample of sales invoices and trace into the sales journal. B. Select a sample of sales invoices and trace to the related shipping documents. C. Select a sample of entries in the sales journal and trace to the related sales invoices. D. Select a sample of shipping documents and trace to the related sales invoices.

Answer 146

这个问题探讨了在审计师怀疑客户通过记录虚构销售来虚报收入的情况下，哪种审计程序最可能用来识别这种情况。 **选项"B"**是正确的。选择销售发票样本并追溯到相关的发货文件是一种有效的审计程序，用于识别虚构销售的情况。这是因为，在记录虚构销售的情况下，客户可能会创建假的销售发票，但实际上并没有相关的货物发出。通过验证销售发票是否有对应的发货文件，审计师可以检查销售的真实性。 追溯销售发票到发货文件（选项"B"）主要是为了测试存在性断言，即确认记录的销售是否真实发生了。 追溯发货文件到销售发票（选项"D"）主要是为了测试完整性断言，即确认所有应该记录的销售是否都已经被记录。

Question 147

Question: When might an auditor reduce detailed tests on sales transactions? Options: A. After checking cash receipts and the accounts receivable records. B. After reviewing the timing of last sales and purchases. C. After verifying beginning and ending inventory levels. D. After examining documentation for shipped and received goods.

Answer 147

选项"A"：现金收据和应收账款的检查为审计师提供了关于销售交易的完整性和发生性的证据。这意味着如果审计师通过检查现金收据和应收账款已经获得了充分的证据证明销售事实上已经发生，并且记录是完整的，那么他们在销售交易方面的进一步实质性测试的需求就会减少。 选项"B"：销售和购买的截止测试主要关注年终附近发生的销售，这有助于确保销售在正确的会计期间内被记录，但它并不提供关于全年销售活动的全面证据。 选项"C"：检查期初和期末库存余额可能对理解购买和销售成本有限的帮助，但直接关于销售的发生它提供的证据有限。 选项"D"：发货和收货活动的检查虽然与确保销售和购买交易得到适当处理有关，但这并不直接减少对销售交易本身测试的需求。

Question 148

As part of risk assessment procedures for an audit of a nonissuer, an auditor would most likely perform which of the following procedures concerning related party transactions? A. Perform a direct test of related party account balances. B. Confirm related party transaction amounts and terms with the other party. C. Examine receiving and shipping records between the client and its affiliates. D. Evaluate the entity's procedures for identifying related party transactions.

Answer 148

选项"D"：评估实体识别关联方交易的程序 正确。例如，审计师可能询问管理层关于如何识别关联方、如何对关联方交易进行审批和记录，以及如何在财务报表中披露这些信息。这是一个重要的风险评估步骤，因为它有助于审计师理解潜在的关联方交易对财务报表的影响。 选项"A"：直接测试关联方账户余额 不正确。直接测试关联方账户余额是审计的实质性程序，通常在风险评估之后进行。例如，审计师在风险评估后，根据识别出的风险决定测试某个具体的关联方应收账款余额。 选项"B"：确认关联方交易金额和条款 不正确。确认关联方交易是实质性审计程序的一部分，用于验证报告的交易准确性和完整性，通常在了解了关联方识别流程之后进行。 选项"C"：检查客户与其关联方之间的收货和发货记录 不正确。检查收发货记录可以帮助审计师验证关联方交易的实际发生，但这种详细的检查通常基于对关联方交易识别流程的了解之后进行。

Question 149

Question: What should an auditor's report state about additional information accompanying the financial statements after auditing it? Options: A. It meets attestation standards regarding management's assertions. B. It is fairly stated in relation to the financial statements as a whole. C. It complies with generally accepted auditing standards. D. It conforms to generally accepted accounting principles.

Answer 149

选项"B"：正确。当伴随基本财务报表的信息经过审计程序后，审计师可以在审计报告中声明这些信息在所有重大方面相对于财务报表整体而言是公允呈现的。这种声明通常会以“补充信息”为标题的独立部分出现在审计报告中，无论是针对非发行人还是发行人。 选项"A"：错误。认证标准并不适用于这种情况。认证标准通常用于对管理层的某些声明提出结论的情况，而不是针对财务报表伴随信息的审计。 选项"C"：错误。对于财务报表伴随信息的意见并不声明该信息按照一般接受的审计准则（GAAS）公允呈现。相反，这个意见声明“该信息在所有重大方面相对于财务报表整体而言是公允呈现的”。 选项"D"：错误。审计师不会声明伴随基本财务报表的信息是按照一般接受的会计原则（GAAP）公允呈现的。这种类型的声明通常适用于财务报表本身，而不是伴随信息。

Question 150

Question: What should an auditor do if they can't apply a designed audit procedure to a sampled item during a test of controls and no alternative procedures are possible? A. Change the sample selection to a more random method. B. Apply the procedure to a different item. C. Consider the item a misstatement. D. Consider the item a deviation from the control.

Answer 150

**选项"A"和"B"**关注于更换样本选择方法或样本项。然而，问题在于无法对选定的样本应用设计的审计程序，而不是样本选择方法本身有误。更换样本或方法不直接解决无法执行审计程序的问题。 **选项"C"**将项目视为错报，但这与控制测试的目的不符。控制测试旨在评估内部控制的有效性，而错报通常指的是财务报表中的错误，两者属于不同审计阶段的关注点。 **选项"D"**逻辑上更合理，因为如果无法对一个控制进行测试（并且没有可行的替代程序），那么理应将该项目视为控制的偏差。这种处理方式直接反映了对控制有效性缺乏证据的情况。

Question 151

Question: How should an auditor update their report on last year's financial statements, which were restated this year for better disclosure and are presented alongside this year's statements? Options: A. Issue a standard opinion for the corrected previous year's statements. B. Avoid mentioning the opinion type given on last year's statements. C. Keep the qualified opinion from last year unchanged. D. Include the original report for last year's statements with the current report.

Answer 151

选项 A 正确。去年的财务报表因披露不充分而被出具保留意见，在根据《公认会计原则》进行更正和重报后，审计师现在应就这些更正后的报表出具标准（未经修订）意见。报告中还应包含一个段落，解释审计意见发生变化的原因。 选项 B 不正确，因为审计师应在报告的特别段落中解释意见的变化。 选项 C 不正确，因为应更新对重报财务报表的意见，以反映所做的更正。 选项 D 不正确，因为更新后的审计师报告取代了原来的报告，而不是伴随着原来的报告。

Question 152

Which of the following statements regarding the risk of material misstatement is correct? A. The risk of material misstatement includes the auditor's assessment of inherent risk as well as control risk. B. The risk that a material misstatement may occur due to complex calculations, faulty estimates, or high volume transactions is known as control risk. C. Detection risk is the risk that a material misstatement will not be detected by the entity's controls. D. Only factual misstatements should be considered when making the assessment of risk and the determination of any adjustments that may need to be made.

Answer 152

选项"A"：这个选项正确地指出，重大错报风险包括固有风险和控制风险。这是审计风险模型的基本组成部分，反映了审计工作中需要评估的两种类型的风险。 选项"B"：这里描述的风险更接近于固有风险的定义，因为它关注的是由于复杂计算、错误估计或大量交易可能导致的错报风险，这些都是事务本身的特性，而不是控制措施的失败。 选项"C"：控制风险实际上是指实体的控制措施无法防止或检测重大错报的风险，而不是指控制措施无法被检测到的风险。因此，这个选项的描述与控制风险的定义不符。 选项"D"：审计时需要考虑的不仅仅是事实性错报，还包括判断性错报和预测性错报。因此，只考虑事实性错报是不足够的。

Question 153

What situation would most influence an entity's control environment due to management's focus on achieving profit targets? Options: A. Management's compensation largely depends on stock options. B. Governance bodies actively monitor the company's financial reporting. C. External regulations influence the company's accounting policies. D. The internal audit function reports directly to the board of directors.

Answer 153

选项 A 是正确的，因为当管理层的薪酬与股票期权紧密挂钩时，他们就会有更大的动力去实现或超越利润目标，这有可能会牺牲准确的财务报告。 选项 B 不正确，因为积极治理可以通过提供监督和减少对利润目标的过度关注来加强控制环境。 选项 C 不正确，因为外部法规通常会强制执行加强控制环境的标准，而不是受管理层利润目标的影响。 选项 D 不正确，因为向董事会报告的强有力的内部审计职能可以通过确保独立监督来加强控制环境。

Question 154

What action should an auditor take if the rate of deviation observed in a control test, plus the allowed sampling risk, exceeds the tolerable deviation rate? Options: A. Lower the assessment of control risk. B. Reduce reliance on detailed checks. C. Decrease reliance on the control being tested. D. Adjust the tolerable deviation rate.

Answer 154

解析：选项 C 正确： 选项 C 正确。如果观察到的偏差和相关的抽样风险超过了可容忍的范围，审计师就应该减少对该控制的依赖。 选项 A 不正确，因为发现的偏差超过可容忍的范围很可能会导致评估的控制风险水平上升，而不是下降。 选项 B 不正确，因为可靠性较低的控制通常会导致需要进行更多而不是更少的实质性测试。 选项 D 不正确，因为可容忍偏差率是在测试前设定的，是基于审计师的风险评估，而不是在测试后根据结果进行调整。

Question 155

If an auditor performing an integrated audit identifies one or more material weaknesses in a nonissuer's internal control, the auditor should: A. Conclude that the financial statements are materially misstated because of the material weakness in internal control. B. Disclaim an opinion on internal control. C. Express an adverse opinion on the entity's internal control. D. Expand the audit of internal control to identify deficiencies less severe than material weaknesses.

Answer 155

选项"C"：对实体的内部控制发表不利意见 正确逻辑：当审计师在内部控制审计中发现重大缺陷时，应发表不利意见，表示在整个审计期间，实体的内部控制在财务报告方面不有效。这是因为重大缺陷表明实体的内部控制存在导致财务报表重大错报的风险，而无法通过内部控制来防止或检测和更正这些错报。 选项"A"：因内部控制的重大缺陷而认定财务报表存在重大错报 错误逻辑：内部控制的重大缺陷并不直接等同于财务报表存在重大错报。虽然重大缺陷可能增加财务报表错报的风险，但财务报表的实际准确性需要通过审计师的实质性测试来评估。 选项"B"：对内部控制的意见声明不表态 错误逻辑：识别到重大缺陷时，审计师应发表不利意见，而不是不表态。不表态（即免责意见）通常用于当审计师因特定情况无法获得足够适当的审计证据而无法对内部控制的有效性发表意见时。 选项"D"：扩大内部控制审计范围以识别比重大缺陷轻微的缺陷 错误逻辑：虽然识别到轻微的控制缺陷也是审计过程的一部分，但发现重大缺陷后的首要任务是对这些重大缺陷进行报告，而不是必须扩大审计范围寻找轻微的缺陷。审计的目的是确定是否存在重大缺陷，而不是识别所有可能的控制缺陷。

Question 156

How do reporting requirements under Government Auditing Standards for financial audits differ from those under generally accepted auditing standards? Options: A. Confirm there's no evidence of deliberately bypassing internal controls. B. Report on the auditor's control tests' outcomes. C. Assure that segregation of duties aligns with the entity's control goals. D. Outline the main substantive tests' scope.

Answer 156

测试和报告对内控的要求： 黄皮书：要求审计师不仅要报告财务报表的审计结果，还要描述和报告对与法律和规定以及内部控制相关的遵从性测试的范围及其测试结果。这反映了政府审计更加强调内部控制和遵守相关法律法规的重要性。 GAAS：虽然也关注内部控制，但GAAS对于内部控制的测试和报告的要求不如黄皮书严格。在GAAS下，审计师可能对内部控制进行测试以规划审计工作，但不一定要在审计报告中详细描述这些测试的结果。 选项"B"正确地指出了黄皮书与GAAS的一个关键区别：黄皮书要求审计师在审计报告中描述对合规性和内部控制的测试范围，并报告这些测试的结果。这要求审计师对审计过程中发现的任何内部控制问题或与法规遵从性相关的问题进行明确的沟通。

Question 157

What's true about reporting on law and regulation compliance in a financial audit under the Yellow Book? Options: A. No need to report fraud, illegal acts, or significant noncompliance in the audit report. B. Governmental audit reporting changes the auditor's GAAS duties. C. Financial statement audit findings must be in a separate report. D. Auditors sometimes must report fraud and illegal acts to outside parties.

Answer 157

直接向外部报告的要求（选项"D"）： 知识点：黄皮书规定，在特定情况下，审计师需直接向外部实体（如资助机构、监察机构等）报告发现的欺诈、非法行为或重大不合规情况。这种要求强调了政府资金使用的透明度和公共责任，尤其是在管理层未采取纠正措施或存在特定外部报告要求的情况下。 审计报告中必须报告的情况（选项"A"）： 知识点误区：黄皮书要求审计师在审计报告中包括对欺诈、非法行为和重大不合规行为的报告。这一点纠正了选项"A"提出的误解，即审计师不需要在审计报告中报告这些问题。 审计责任的补充而非修改（选项"B"）： 知识点：黄皮书对财务审计的报告标准提供了GAAS之上的补充，特别是增加了对黄皮书遵守性的特别提及要求。这并不改变或修改GAAS下的审计报告责任，而是在特定领域内扩展了审计师的报告责任。 审计发现的报告方式（选项"C"）： 知识点误区：虽然黄皮书允许审计师将与财务报表审计相关的主要发现在单独的报告中进行沟通，但审计师也有灵活性将特定发现和结论包含在同一审计报告中。这表明，在报告格式上，审计师有一定的选择权。

Question 158

Which of the following should a practitioner include in an agreed-upon procedures report? A. Negative assurance about whether the subject matter is fairly stated based on the criteria. B. The statement that "Nothing came to my attention that caused me to believe that the subject matter is not presented based on the criteria." C. All findings from application of the agreed-upon procedures. D. Positive assurance about whether the subject matter is fairly stated based on the criteria.

Answer 158

约定程序属于**保证业务（Assurance Engagement）**的一种特殊形式。在保证业务中，实践者（例如审计师）对特定主题的信息提供结论，以增强信息使用者（除了负责提供信息的责任方之外的其他各方）对该信息的信心。不过，与传统的审计或审查业务不同，约定程序业务不旨在提供财务报表的真实与公允性保证。相反，它依赖于特定、事先商定的程序，并且仅报告这些程序的执行结果，而不提供任何形式的保证。 选项"A"：提供关于主题是否根据准则公允表述的否定保证。 逻辑推断：因为约定程序报告不提供任何保证，所以选项"A"错误。 选项"B"：包含“未发现任何事项使我相信主题未根据准则进行表述”的陈述。 逻辑推断：这种陈述听起来像是一种否定保证，但是约定程序报告不提供任何形式的结论或保证，所以选项"B"错误。 选项"C"：包含应用约定程序的所有发现。 逻辑推断：这正符合约定程序报告的目的——报告所执行的特定程序及其具体发现，而不提供任何形式的保证或结论。因此，选项"C"是正确的。 选项"D"：提供关于主题是否根据准则公允表述的正面保证。 逻辑推断：与选项"A"一样，因为约定程序报告不提供任何保证，所以选项"D"错误。

Question 159

Question: What is a common element in audits of recipients of federal financial assistance according to federal audit regulations? Options: A. Assurance that internal auditors will objectively report findings. B. Check if federal assistance was managed as per laws and regulations. C. Provide assurance on illegal acts' disclosure to the inspector general. D. Government sets lower materiality levels for the recipient.

Answer 159

选择 "B "是正确的。根据《单一审计法》，对联邦财政援助的审计要求审计员确定被审计单位是否遵守了法律、法规以及合同或赠款协议的规定。 选择 "A "是错误的。外部审计师不需要参与内部审计，也不需要获得管理层关于内部审计师的书面陈述。 选择 "C "不正确。在根据《单一审计法》对联邦财政援助进行审计时，审计师不对未测试的项目表示否定保证。 选择 "D "不正确。联邦财政援助审计中的重要性是在项目层面确定的，而不是由向受援方提供联邦财政援助的政府实体决定的。

Question 160

All of the following should contain a restricted use paragraph in the report, except for an engagement to: A. Issue a letter to requesting parties in connection with a nonissuer entity's financial statements included in a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. B. Report on pro forma financial statements. C. Report on a financial projection. D.Report on compliance with aspects of regulatory requirements in connection with audited financial statements.

Answer 160

选项"B"：报告前瞻性财务报表。 为什么正确：前瞻性财务报表（pro forma financial statements）虽然包含假设性的或调整后的财务信息，但这些信息是基于已公开的财务数据调整得到的，旨在帮助用户理解某些事件或交易对财务状况的潜在影响。这种报告通常不被视为仅限于特定用户使用，因此不必要包含使用受限的段落。 选项"D"：报告与审计财务报表有关的监管要求方面的合规性。 为什么不正确：合规性报告，特别是那些与审计财务报表相关的报告，可能包含专门的分析或结论，针对的是特定监管要求，可能仅对理解和执行这些要求的特定方有用，因此通常会包含使用受限的段落。

Question 161

What is least likely considered by an auditor when reporting on contractual compliance in a financial statement audit? Options: A. Confirming that the contract terms were audited. B. The financial statements' audit opinion. C. Who will use the compliance report. D. The type of opinion for the compliance report.

Answer 161

解释： 选项 D 正确，因为审计师在关于合同协议遵守情况的报告中提供的是负面保证而不是意见。 选项 A 不正确，因为审计师确保合同条款在财务报表审计期间经过了审计程序。 选项 B 不正确，因为对财务报表的意见类型会影响审计师对合规性所能提供的保证。 选项 C 不正确，因为审计师考虑了合规报告的预期用户，而且报告仅限于这些用户。

Question 162

Which of the following is a conceptual similarity between generally accepted auditing standards and the attestation standards? A.Both sets of standards require the CPA to report on the adequacy of disclosure in the financial statements. B.The requirement that the CPA be independent is included in both sets of standards. C.Both sets of standards are applicable to engagements regarding financial forecasts and projections. D.All of the standards in generally accepted auditing standards are included in the attestation standards.

Answer 162

B SSAE適合非財務信息，所以排除A/C。D不正確因为鉴证准则是不同的，并不包括所有审计准则，尽管它们在概念上有一些相似之处。 鉴证任务准则（SSAE） 适用场景：SSAE 提供了执行鉴证服务的指导，其中会计师被委托发表关于主题事项或关于主题事项断言的报告。

Question 163

Which of the following is not a method for an auditor to understand potential misstatement sources in an integrated audit of a nonissuer? Options: A. Using walkthroughs to grasp potential misstatement sources. B. Understanding the process of how transactions are managed from start to record. C. Identifying controls implemented by management to address misstatement risks. D. Evaluating the entity's IT risk and controls without using a top-down approach.

Answer 163

解释选项"D"的错误原因： 选项"D"指出，审计师在评估实体的信息技术风险和控制时应该使用非自上而下的方法。然而，实际上，审计师通常采用自上而下的方法（top-down approach）来评估这些风险和控制。自上而下的方法开始于财务报表级别，然后关注与财务报表相关的流程和控制，最后评估与这些流程相关的信息技术风险和控制。这种方法确保审计师能够聚焦于对财务报表错报风险最高的领域。 关于其他选项的正确性： 选项"A"：行走测试（walkthroughs）是获取潜在错报来源理解的有效方式，因为它们使审计师能直观地观察事务处理的整个流程。 选项"B"：理解事务是如何启动、授权、处理和记录的，是获得对潜在错报来源理解的关键部分。 选项"C"：识别管理层为应对潜在错报来源而实施的控制是重要的审计步骤。

Question 164

In the integrated audit of an issuer, which of the following would not be considered an entity-level control? A. Management's established controls to monitor results of operations. B. The board of directors' controls to monitor the activities of the audit committee. C. The executive committee's process for assessing business risk. D. The outside auditor's assessment process of internal auditor competence and objectivity.

Answer 164

选择 D：外部审计师对内部审计师能力和客观性的评估过程。 此选项与其他选项不同，因为它涉及的是外部方（即外部审计师）而非实体本身的活动。虽然评估内部审计师的胜任能力和客观性对于外部审计师依赖内部审计职能部门的工作至关重要，但这并不是实体层面的控制。实体层面的控制是指被审计实体为确保其财务报告的完整性而实施的控制。外聘审计师的评估是审计流程的一部分，而不是实体内部控制系统的一部分。

Question 165

In an audit, what must the auditor give their opinion on? Choices: A. The financial statements and how well internal control works. B. Just the financial statements. C. The financial statements, how the audit committee watches over financial reporting and internal control, and how well internal control works. D. The financial statements and how the audit committee watches over financial reporting and internal control.

Answer 165

Correct Answer: A. The auditor must provide an opinion on the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control.

Question 166

An auditor finds the supplementary information is not fairly presented, though the financial statements themselves are fine. How should the auditor report this finding? Choices: A. Give an unmodified opinion on the financial statements and don't mention the supplementary information. B. Give an unmodified opinion on the financial statements but modify the opinion on the supplementary information in a separate section. C. Disclaim an opinion on the financial statements. D. Issue a qualified or adverse opinion on the financial statements.

Answer 166

解释： 正确答案是 B，因为补充信息与财务报表是分开的。如果补充信息有问题，应只对该部分提出修改意见，而不是对财务报表提出修改意见。审计师应在题为 "补充信息 "的单独章节中明确指出这一点。 选项 A、C 和 D 不正确，因为它们表明财务报表的意见应予以修改或不予出具，而如果问题仅出在补充信息上，则没有必要这样做。

Question 167

A special report on financial statements prepared on the cash basis of accounting should include: A. A statement that the audit was conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. B. A disclaimer of opinion, because an auditor should not report on financial statements that are not designed to be in conformity with GAAP. C. A qualified or adverse opinion, due to the departure from GAAP. D. An emphasis-of-matter paragraph including a brief explanation of the cash basis of accounting.

Answer 167

选项A：正确 一般公认审计准则：即使是采用现金基础会计的财务报表，审计师在其特别报告中也应声明审计是按照一般公认审计准则（GAAS）进行的。GAAS提供了审计的基础架构，确保了审计过程的质量，即使财务报表的编制基础与GAAP不同。 选项B：错误 意见声明：并不是所有非GAAP财务报表都需要发表否定意见。如果财务报表根据现金基础会计公允地反映了财务状况，审计师可以发表无保留的意见。 选项C：错误 意见类型：选择使用现金基础会计并不自动导致需要发表有保留或不利意见。如果报表按现金基础会计准确编制，那么可以发表无保留的意见。 选项D：错误 强调事项段落：虽然特别报告可能包含强调事项段落来引导读者注意到采用的是现金基础会计，但这个强调事项段落自身并不解释现金基础会计的细节，而是会指向财务报表中对此进行解释的注释。

Question 168

When auditing for subsequent events, what should an auditor most likely do? A. Check recent transactions to assess computer controls. B. Ask management if working capital has significantly changed since year-end. C. Redo control tests to identify significant control weaknesses. D. Calculate again the depreciation for assets sold after year-end for gains.

Answer 168

解释： 选项 B 正确。在评估期后事项时，向管理层询问自年末以来营运资本的重大变化是一个关键程序，因为它可以指出可能影响财务报表披露的潜在问题。 选择 A 不正确，因为审查交易以评估计算机控制与审计的内部控制评估关系更大，而不是与识别后续事件关系更大。 选择 C 不正确，因为重新进行控制测试以发现重大薄弱环节通常不属于关注后续事项的程序。 选择 D 不正确，因为重新计算年底后出售资产的折旧收益与确定影响财务报表的期后事项没有直接关系。

Question 169

An auditor ordinarily uses a working trial balance resembling the financial statements without footnotes, but containing columns for: A.Reconciliations and tickmarks. B.Reclassifications and adjustments. C.Accruals and deferrals. D.Expense and revenue summaries.

Answer 169

说明 选择 "B "是正确的。审计员的工作试算表通常包含重新分类和调整栏。重分类和调整（Reclassifications and adjustments）是审计过程中常见的操作，用于确保财务报表的准确性和合规性。这些操作反映了审计过程中识别的错误或遗漏，以及为了符合财务报告标准所做的必要调整。 选择 "A "不正确。调节和勾选包括在审计文件中，但不一定显示在工作试算表的栏目中。 选择 "C "不正确。应计额和递延额包括在审计文件中，但不一定显示在工作试算表的各栏中。 选择 "D "不正确。支出和收入摘要包括在审计文件中，但不一定显示在工作试算表的各栏中。

Question 170

Which of the following is a required component of the independent auditor's report expressing an unmodified opinion? A. An other-matter paragraph including the reason for the unmodified opinion. B. A Basis for Opinion section including a reference to generally accepted auditing standards. C. An Auditor's Responsibility section including the audit firm name. D. An Opinion section including a reference to generally accepted auditing principles.

Answer 170

选择 "B "是正确的 Basis for Opinion（意见基础）： 这部分是无保留意见审计报告的必需组成部分。 它包括对一般公认审计准则（GAAS）的引用，说明审计是根据这些准则执行的。 目的是向阅读报告的用户说明审计师的审计工作是基于哪套标准进行的，增加审计透明度和理解度。

Question 171

With respect to an auditor's consideration of fraud risk, which of the following is not required? A. A discussion among engagement personnel regarding fraud. B. Implementation of controls to detect fraud. C. Incorporation of an element of unpredictability into the audit. D. An assumption that that there is a risk of management override of controls.

Answer 171

管理层（而不是审计师）有责任设计和实施方案和控制措施，以预防、阻止和发现舞弊。 原始选项B：“Implementation of controls to detect fraud.”（实施控制措施以检测欺诈。） 更正后的选项B：“Assessing the effectiveness of management's fraud prevention and detection controls.”（评估管理层防止和检测欺诈控制措施的有效性。）

Question 172

Which of the following properly describes the auditor's responsibilities as opposed to management's responsibilities? A.The auditor is responsible for identifying the laws and regulations applicable to the entity's activities and management is responsible for affirming that the effects of any uncorrected misstatements in the financial statements are immaterial. B.Management is responsible for affirming that the effects of any uncorrected misstatements in the financial statements are immaterial and the auditor is responsible for obtaining reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. C.Management is responsible for the entity's financial statements and the auditor is responsible for the selection and application of accounting principles. D.The auditor is responsible for the entity's financial statements and management is responsible for the selection and application of accounting principles.

Answer 172

选择 "B "是正确的。管理层负责确认财务报表中任何未更正错报的影响都是不重要的，而审计师负责对财务报表是否不存在重大错报获取合理保证。 选择 "A "不正确。管理层既要负责识别适用于实体活动的法律法规，又要负责确认财务报表中任何未更正错报的影响都是不重要的。 选项 "D "和 "C "不正确。管理层既要对实体的财务报表负责，也要对会计原则的选择和应用负责。

Question 173

In planning the audit, the auditor should consider materiality for the financial statements as a whole in terms of: A.The largest aggregate level of misstatement that could be considered material to the financial statements taken as a whole. B.The smallest aggregate level of misstatement that could be considered material to the financial statements taken as a whole. C.The smallest aggregate level of misstatement that could be considered material to any one of the financial statements. D.The largest aggregate level of misstatement that could be considered material to any one of the financial statements.

Answer 173

Choice "C" is correct. Because the financial statements are interrelated, the auditor should consider materiality in terms of the smallest aggregate level of misstatement that could be material to any one of the financial statements. Choices "A" or "D" are incorrect. The auditor is concerned with identifying the smallest aggregate level of misstatement that would affect the judgment of a reasonable person, not the largest such level. The smallest level provides a cutoff beneath which the auditor need not consider; the largest level provides no such cutoff. Choice "B" is incorrect. Because the financial statements are interrelated, the auditor should consider materiality in terms of the smallest aggregate level of misstatement that could be material to any one of the financial statements. 对于"对任一财务报表来说可能被认为是重要的最小汇总错误水平"（即选项C所述的“最小汇总错误水平”），这意味着审计师在规划审计时，应考虑在任一单独财务报表中可能被认为是重要的最小错误额。这里的关键是"任一"（any one），指的是财务报表中的任何一个报表——无论是资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表等——错报的最小金额，如果足够重要到可以影响使用者的决策，那么这个错误就被认为是物质性的。

Question 174

When auditing this year's financials for Topaz, Inc., which is showing comparative statements, and Cyrus, CPA finds new evidence impacting last year's reports, how should he act? A. Focus solely on this year’s financial reports. B. Report on both, updating last year’s opinion if needed. C. Report on both, reusing last year’s opinion after verifying compliance with audit standards in the previous audit. D. Report on both, keeping last year’s opinion unchanged.

Answer 174

Correct Choice: B. Cyrus should update the opinion for both years based on the new evidence.

Question 175

Which of the following statements regarding control risk is true? A. If control risk is assessed at a high level, substantive testing is likely to be more heavily emphasized in the audit process. B. If control risk is assessed at a low level, an auditor is not required to document the basis for this assessment. C. If control risk is assessed at a high level, an auditor is not required to document the basis for this assessment. D. If control risk is assessed at a low level, substantive testing is likely to be more heavily emphasized in the audit process.

Answer 175

选项A的逻辑： 高控制风险与实质性测试：如果控制风险被评估为高，意味着内部控制系统可能不够可靠，无法有效防止或发现财务报表的错报。因此，审计师需要通过更多的实质性测试来降低检测风险，以确保财务报表的准确性。实质性测试主要关注于交易的实际发生情况和账户余额的准确性，包括详细验证和分析程序。选项A正确地描述了高控制风险情况下审计策略的调整。 选项B和C的逻辑错误： 文档化评估基础：无论控制风险评估为高还是低，审计师都需要文档化他们对风险评估的基础。这是审计文件的基本要求，确保审计决策的透明度和可审计性。选项B和C提出的情况与审计标准不符，因此是错误的。

Question 176

A limitation on the scope of an audit sufficient to preclude an unmodified opinion will usually result when the client: A. Does not make the minutes of the Board of Directors meetings available to the auditor. B. Refuses to disclose in the notes to the financial statements a significant related party transaction. C. Omits the statement of cash flows. D. Asks the auditor to report on the balance sheet and not the other basic financial statements.

Answer 176

选项A的逻辑： 董事会会议记录通常包含重要的管理决策和财务影响，如投资决策、债务融资、股东权益变动和重大交易的批准等。如果客户不向审计师提供会议记录，这可能会限制审计师对公司治理和财务决策过程的了解，从而影响审计师获取关于公司运营和财务状况的完整视角。因此，这被视为对审计范围的一个重大限制，足以妨碍发表无保留意见。

Question 177

Which of the following is not true about audit documentation? A. Audit documentation should include identification of the staff who performed the audit work. B. Audit documentation should demonstrate that sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained to support the conclusions reached and the report to be issued. C. Audit documentation should include information related to the selection and application of accounting principles. D. Audit documentation should include a separate page for each material account balance or transaction class. Explanation

Answer 177

选项A错误： 审计文件应包括执行审计工作的人员身份信息。这是为了确保审计工作的可追溯性和责任明确性。 选项B错误： 审计文件应证明已获取足够的适当审计证据来支持达成的结论和发表的报告。这是审计文件存在的核心原因，保证审计意见有据可依。 选项C错误： 审计文件应包含与会计原则选择和应用相关的信息。这些信息对于理解财务报表的准备基础以及任何重大审计发现都至关重要。 选项D正确（即为不正确的陈述）： 没有要求必须在单独的页面上包含与每个重大账户余额或交易类别相关的文档。实际上，相关账户在被审计和记录时常常是一起考虑的。审计文件的组织方式更加灵活，关键在于能够清晰、准确地记录审计工作和发现，而不是具体的页面布局。

Question 178

When presenting comparative financial statements for Crest Computing, and considering the previous year's audit report by Kratzke & Kratzke, which action is accurate? A. Kratzke & Kratzke must gain Dante's consent to co-sign the prior year's report. B. Kratzke & Kratzke can reissue their previous year's report after conducting specific review steps. C. Kratzke & Kratzke can reissue their prior report without any further action, assuming no revisions to those statements. D. Kratzke & Kratzke should not reissue their report due to potential unknown recent impacts on the prior year's statements.

Answer 178

B 重新发行审计报告的条件：了解在何种情况下，前任审计师可以（或需要）重新发行他们对于上一年度财务报表的审计报告，包括必须执行的有限程序，如阅读当前年度的财务报表、比较当前年度与前一年度的财务报表，并获取管理层和继任审计师的确认信函。

Question 179

Which of the following procedures would a CPA most likely include in planning a financial statement audit? A. Determine the extent of involvement of the client's internal auditors. B. Ask the client's lawyer if contingencies have been recorded in conformity with GAAP. C. Obtain a written representation letter from the client's management. D. Scan the client's journals and ledgers to identify any unusual transactions.

Answer 179

選A D--》計畫之後的步驟

Question 180

Which of the following are elements of a firm's quality control that should be considered in establishing its quality control policies and procedures? A. Assigning personnel, client acceptance, and professional development. B. Assigning personnel, client acceptance, and analytical review. C. Assigning personnel, professional development, and analytical review. D. Client acceptance, professional development, and analytical review.

Answer 180

选项A正确： 分配人员（Assigning personnel）：这涉及到确保审计任务被适当技能和经验的人员执行，是“人力资源”（Human Resources）质量控制要素的一部分。 客户接受和继续服务（Client acceptance and continuance）：在接受新客户或决定是否继续为现有客户服务时，需要进行适当的评估，这是质量控制的另一个要素。 职业发展（Professional development）：指的是确保团队成员接受适当的培训和职业教育，以维持其专业知识和技能，也属于“人力资源”要素。 选项B、C和D不正确： 分析复核（Analytical review）：虽然是审计过程中的一个重要程序，但它不是公司质量控制体系的组成要素。分析复核是审计程序的一部分，用于审计执行阶段，而非质量控制体系的构建块。

Question 181

When might an auditor need to disclose audit information to outside parties? A. When the auditor changes, in legal situations, and during major accounting adjustments. B. During communications between old and new auditors, under legal orders, and when accounting practices change. C. Upon auditor change, during predecessor/successor communications, and under a court order. D. With auditor changes, during old and new auditor talks, and through major accounting shifts.

Answer 181

规定背后的原则： 透明度和公平：改变审计师或在特定情况下披露信息是为了保持财务报告的透明度，让投资者和其他利益相关者了解可能影响财务报告可靠性的重要变动或信息。 法律和职业道德要求：在某些情况下，如接到法院命令或在接替审计师进行调查时，披露特定信息是遵循法律要求和职业道德标准的体现。 记忆方法： 为了更好地记忆这个规定，可以将其与特定情境联系起来，形成一个简单的“记忆桥梁”： 改变审计师（Change of Auditor）：想象审计师在公司大门外更换标志，提示外界发生了变动。这个变动需要向SEC报告，是一种对外部透明度的承诺。 法院命令（Court Order）：想象法官的锤子下落，象征法律要求的严肃性。当法院要求信息披露时，审计师必须遵从。 接替审计师询问（Successor Auditor’s Inquiries）：想象接替的审计师敲门，请求进入。客户给予“钥匙”（即同意），允许分享必要的信息，以确保新审计师可以有效进行工作。

Question 182

The purpose of segregating the duties of hiring personnel and distributing payroll checks is to separate the: A. Administrative function from the hiring function. B. Human resources functions from the accounting functions. C. Authorization of transactions from the custody of related assets. D. Application controls from the general controls.

Answer 182

排除不符合隔离原则的方案： 行政与招聘职能：这与授权、保管或保存记录方面的职责分离没有直接关系。 人力资源与会计职能：虽然这种选择看似合理，因为它涉及不同的部门，但它并没有明确涉及授权与保管分离的核心原则。 应用控制与一般控制：这与信息技术控制有关，并不直接涉及交易授权与资产保管之间的分离。 选择最符合职责分离原则的答案：根据分析，选择正确分离交易授权和相关资产保管的选项，在本方案中，该选项为 "C"。招聘职能提供付款授权。发放工资属于保管职能。

Question 183

Which of the following ordinarily would not be included in the auditor's responsibility regarding accounting estimates? A. Establish a process for preparing accounting estimates. B. Evaluate whether management's estimates are reasonable. C. Determine whether estimates are properly disclosed in the financial statements. D. Assess management's policies and practices regarding estimates.

Answer 183

選項A描述的是“建立會計估計的過程”，這是管理層而非審計師的職責。要修正這個選項，使其成為審計師職責的一部分，我們可以將重點放在審計師評估或審查管理層建立的過程，而不是親自建立該過程。修正後的選項A可能如下所示： A. Review and assess the adequacy of the process established by management for preparing accounting estimates.

Question 184

When a client makes extensive use of information technology, the auditor should consider the effect this may have on internal control. Which of the following is least likely to be affected? A. The audit objectives with respect to evaluating internal control. B. The audit procedures used to evaluate controls. C. The assessed level of control risk. D. The five components of internal control.

Answer 184

審計目標對於評估內控：審計目標是指審計師希望達成的結果，如評估內控有效性。信息技術的廣泛使用不會改變審計的基本目標，即評估內控系統的設計和運作是否足以預防、檢測和糾正錯誤和舞弊。因此，選項A是正確的，因為客戶使用信息技術的程度通常不會影響審計師的目標本身，但可能影響達成這些目標的方法。 內控的五個組成部分：根據COSO框架，內控的五個組成部分包括控制環境、風險評估、控制活動、信息和溝通以及監督。信息技術的使用可能影響這些組成部分的每一個，例如，通過改變信息和溝通的方式或通過對控制活動的實施提出新的要求。因此，選項D是不正確的。

Question 185

Which risk, when assessed at a high level, is most likely to result in an inappropriate opinion on financial statements which are not fairly stated? A. The risk of incorrect rejection. B. The risk of incorrect acceptance. C. The risk of assessing control risk too low. D. The risk of assessing control risk too high.

Answer 185

錯誤拒絕風險（Incorrect Rejection）：這是審計師錯誤拒絕了實際上合理的會計餘額或交易的風險。這種情況下，審計師可能會進行額外的工作來確認其初步的評估錯誤，最終可能導致對財務報表發表恰當的意見。因此，這不太可能導致不適當的審計意見。 錯誤接受風險（Incorrect Acceptance）：當審計師錯誤地接受了實際上不公平陳述的餘額或交易時，就存在這種風險。這可能導致審計師對財務報表發表不適當的意見，因為審計師沒有識別出重大錯誤或舞弊，這正是題目中所指最可能導致不適當審計意見的風險。 將控制風險評估得太低（Assessing Control Risk Too Low）：如果審計師對內控的有效性評估過於樂觀，可能會過度依賴內控而忽略了實質性測試。雖然這增加了未發現重大錯誤或舞弊的風險，但相比錯誤接受風險，其直接導致不適當意見的可能性稍低，因為仍有機會通過其他審計程序發現問題。 將控制風險評估得太高（Assessing Control Risk Too High）：這意味著審計師可能不夠信任內控，從而進行更多的實質性測試。這種情況可能導致審計工作量的增加，但也更有可能發現財務報表中的錯誤，因此不太可能導致發表不適當的審計意見。

Question 186

A report issued on significant deficiencies in internal control noted during a financial statement audit of a nonissuer should contain all of the following except: * A. A restriction on the use of the report. B. A statement of compliance with laws and regulations. C. The definition of material weaknesses. D. An indication that the purpose of the audit was to report on the financial statements.

Answer 186

合規性聲明（B選項）：在財務報表審計的內控缺陷報告中，通常不要求包括對法律和法規遵守情況的聲明。這是因為報告的重點是評估和報告內控的缺陷，而不是評估合規性。

Question 187

The primary reason an auditor requests that letters of inquiry be sent to a client's attorney is to provide the auditor with: A. Corroboration of information furnished by management about litigation, claims, and assessments. B. An estimate of the amount or range of potential loss. C. An evaluation of the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome. D. A description and evaluation of litigation, claims, and assessments that existed at the balance sheet date

Answer 187

A. 證實管理層提供的關於訴訟、索賠和評估的信息 這是正確答案。審計師請求發送律師詢問信的主要目的是要從第三方（即客戶的律師）處獲得對管理層提供信息的證實。這有助於審計師評估這些信息的準確性和完整性，並對財務報表的相關披露作出適當的審計判斷。 D. 提供和評估平衡表日期存在的訴訟、索賠和評估的描述 管理層有責任描述和評估這些事項。雖然客戶的律師應該提供有關此類事項的專業意見，但詢問信的主要目的仍是為了證實管理層提供的信息。

Question 188

Question: In the audit planning phase, what specific aspect of a client's controls is the auditor required to assess? A. The cost-effectiveness of implementing controls. B. The client's future plans for control improvements. C. Whether the designed controls have been put into place. D. The impact of controls on the client's market position.

Answer 188

说明：选项 "C "是正确的： 选项 "C "是正确的。在审计的计划阶段，审计师必须评估客户设计的控制措施是否已实际实施。 选项 "A "不正确，因为在计划阶段，审计师主要关注的不是控制措施的成本效益，而是这些措施是否已经实施。 选项 "B "不正确，因为规划阶段的重点是当前的控制措施及其是否已实施，而不是未来的改进计划。 选项 "D "不正确，因为审计师关注的重点是与财务报告和合规性有关的控制措施的实施情况，而不是这些控制措施对客户市场地位的影响。

Question 189

Question: Which statement is incorrect regarding the role of those in governance of an organization? A. The governance role typically includes being part of the board of directors. B. Governance involves overseeing the organization's strategic direction. C. The governance group usually consists of the organization's management team. D. Governance includes responsibility for the organization's financial reporting.

Answer 189

C 管理层负责日常的经营管理和决策过程，而不是被广泛认为的“治理”角色。治理通常指的是监督管理层的人或团体，而不是管理层自身。

Question 190

Which of the following is least likely to be used as a substantive test relating to cash balances? A. Obtain cutoff bank statements and perform bank reconciliations. B. Count all cash on hand. C. Send cash confirmations to all banks with whom the client has done business. D. Verify that cash disbursements have been properly approved.

Answer 190

选项D被认为不正确（即是说它是最不可能用作现金余额的实质性测试的方法），主要是因为它属于对控制的测试，而不是实质性测试。实质性测试的目的是直接验证财务报表中数额的准确性。在现金余额的情况下，实质性测试通常包括确认银行余额、现场清点现金以及执行银行对账等，这些方法直接关联到确认报表上现金数额的准确性。 而验证现金支出是否得到适当批准，更多地关注的是现金处理的内部控制过程，比如审批流程是否得当。这是在评估是否存在导致财务报表错报风险的控制措施，而不是直接验证报表数值的准确性。尽管内部控制的强度可以影响实质性测试的范围和性质，但本身的测试不直接对报表上的现金余额数额进行验证。

Question 191

An auditor who uses a transaction cycle approach to assessing control risk most likely would test control activities related to transactions involving the sale of goods to customers with the: A. Sale of long-term debt. B.Payment of accounts payable. C.Purchase of merchandise inventory. D.Collection of receivables.

Answer 191

A. 销售长期债务。 这涉及融资活动，属于其他负债或融资周期的一部分，与销售商品给客户的交易（即收入周期）不直接相关。 B. 支付应付账款。 这属于支出或采购周期，涉及供应商支付和采购控制，同样与销售商品给客户的交易不直接相关。 C. 采购商品库存。 虽然商品采购是支出或采购周期的一部分，与销售商品给客户是不同的交易周期。采购活动与销售活动通常在审计中分开考虑，因为它们涉及不同的业务过程和控制环节。 D. 收集应收账款。 正确。销售商品给客户的交易直接关联到收入周期，其中包括销售、应收账款以及现金收据。使用交易周期方法的审计师在评估销售相关的控制风险时，很可能会测试与应收账款收集相关的控制活动。这是因为销售和收款活动紧密相关，共同构成收入周期的核心部分。

Question 191

An auditor concerned with the completeness of dividend income would most likely: A. Send confirmations to a sample of companies in which the client owns stock. B. Review dividend record books produced by outside service companies. C. Review the minutes of board of directors meetings for approval of dividends. D. Trace recorded dividend receipts to inclusion in the cash receipts journal.

Answer 191

B. 审查外部服务公司制作的股息记录簿。 这是正确选项。审计师可以通过审查诸如Moody's这样的投资咨询服务公司制作的股息记录簿来验证客户应收到的股息是否都已记录。这种方法可以高效地提供是否有公司宣布了股息以及客户是否记录了这些股息的证据，从而帮助审计师确认股息收入的完整性。 D. 将记录的股息收入追溯到现金收款日记账中的包含。 这个选项聚焦于已经记录的股息收入，而审计师关注的是可能未被记录的股息。从已经记录的股息收入开始审计测试，不能提供有关未记录股息的任何证据，因此这不是验证股息收入完整性的有效方法。

Question 191

Which is true about accounts receivable confirmations? A. The client may mail the confirmations, but they should be returned directly to the auditor. B. Confirmations may be based on single transactions rather than entire customer balances. C. Blank confirmations provide improved response rates but may be less reliable. D. Confirmations provide evidence about existence, rights, and valuation.

Answer 191

B. 确认函可以基于单个交易而不是整个客户余额。 这个选项是正确的。在某些情况下，对单个发票或交易的确认可能比对整个账户余额的确认更为实用或有效。这种方法可以使得确认过程更加灵活，特别是在响应者难以确认整个余额的情况下。 修改后的D选项可能如下： D. Confirmations provide evidence about the existence and rights of the accounts receivable, but not directly about their valuation. 这种修改清晰地区分了应收账款确认能提供的证据类型——即存在性（客户欠款的事实）和权利（客户确认欠款归公司所有）——同时明确指出，这些确认不直接提供关于应收账款估值的证据。估值通常涉及评估客户偿还欠款的能力和意愿，这需要通过审计师进行其他审计程序来评估。

Question 192

Question: What is the auditor's main focus when examining related party transactions? A. Their legality. B. How well they are disclosed by the client. C. If they were done on terms similar to those with unrelated parties. D. Whether payments to top management are disclosed.

Answer 192

B. 客户对这些交易的披露充分性。 这是正确的答案。根据一般公认会计原则（GAAP），关联方交易必须在财务报告中得到适当披露，以确保所有利益相关者都能理解这些交易可能对公司财务状况和经营结果的影响。审计师的主要关注点是这些披露是否足够充分和透明。

Question 193

Which correctly describes the relationship between the PCAOB and the SEC? *A. The PCAOB is subject to oversight by the SEC, and only accounting firms registered with the PCAOB may prepare audit reports for SEC issuers. B. The PCAOB is a branch of the SEC, responsible for registering accountancy firms and setting audit standards. C. The PCAOB oversees the SEC in terms of public accounting firm registration and their audit reports for companies. D. The SEC is monitored by the PCAOB for its inspection and disciplinary actions.

Answer 193

A. PCAOB受SEC的监管，只有注册于PCAOB的会计师事务所才能为SEC发行人准备审计报告。 这是正确的选项。PCAOB是根据美国2002年的萨班斯-奥克斯利法案（Sarbanes-Oxley Act）成立的，目的是增加公众对审计过程的信心。PCAOB负责注册公共会计师事务所，这些事务所对注册于SEC的公司进行审计。PCAOB还负责制定审计标准、检查注册会计师事务所的工作，并在必要时进行调查和纪律处分。SEC对PCAOB进行监督，确保其有效执行其职能。

Question 194

Which of the following standards should a CPA firm apply in a review of Management Discussion and Analysis? A. Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements. B. Statements on Standards for Consulting Services. C. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services. D. Statements on Auditing Standards.

Answer 194

A. 证明服务标准（Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements, SSAE） 记忆策略：A代表Attestation（证明）。当你想到“证明”，想象为客户或第三方提供保证，如管理讨论与分析（MD&A）的审查。这涉及到对信息的准确性提供一定程度的保证，但不像审计那样全面。 D. 审计标准（Statements on Auditing Standards, SAS） 记忆策略：D代表Detailed inspection（详细检查）。当CPA执行审计工作，对财务报表进行详细的检查和验证时，就是遵循审计标准。

Question 195

In an integrated audit of a nonissuer, which of the following is not required of management: A. Providing a written assessment about the effectiveness of the entity's control that is dated as of the date of issuance of the assessment. B. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. C. Identifying and documenting control objectives and the controls that meet those objectives. D. Acceptance of responsibility for the effectiveness of internal control.

Answer 195

A the date of issuance of the assessment. --》 the date of the financial statements. 关键在于评估的日期应该与财务报表的日期一致，而不是评估发布的日期。这样做是为了确保管理层的评估与审计师审查的财务信息是对应的，保证了财务报告的整体一致性和可信度。

Question 196

Question: According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which of the following is not a requirement for an issuer's board of directors? A. The audit committee must consist only of members who are independent of management. B. Every board member must be independent based on their relationships and activities. C. The board must include independent compensation, nominating, and audit committees. D. A majority of the board members must be independent of management.

Answer 196

xplanation: Option "A" is correct because the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that an issuer's audit committee be composed entirely of independent members, free from management influence. 董事会 board of directors：董事会负责监督公司的管理层，确保公司的运营符合股东的最佳利益。董事会需要对股东或投资者负责，因此董事会成员中有**一部分需要保持独立**，以避免与管理层的利益冲突。 审计委员会audit committee：审计委员会是董事会的一个关键组成部分，负责监督公司的财务报告过程、内部控制系统、审计过程以及遵守法律和规章制度的情况。根据萨班斯-奥克斯利法案，审计委员会的成员**必须完全独立**于公司管理层，以确保审计过程的公正性。审计委员会直接对董事会和股东/投资者负责。**上市公司董事会中的独立董事必须占多数。** 管理层：管理层（包括CEO、CFO等）负责公司的日常运营和决策。尽管管理层不需要像董事会成员或审计委员会成员那样保持独立，但他们需要**对董事会负责**，并确保公司的运营和财务报告的真实性和准确性。 审计师：外部审计师负责审查公司的财务报告和内部控制的有效性，提供对财务报告的独立和客观的意见。审计师需要保持独立于被审计的公司及其管理层，以保证审计意见的客观性和公正性。审计师对董事会和公众（包括股东和投资者）负责，确保他们能够根据审计报告做出信息充分的决策。

Question 197

Question: Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, when might Lawrence & Whitney, CPAs, be prohibited from auditing Plinth Industries? A. If an internal auditor joined Plinth less than a year before the audit. B. If both the CEO and CFO previously worked at L&W. C. If the CFO joined Plinth less than two years before the audit. D. There is no prohibition; L&W can audit Plinth.

Answer 197

Option "D" is correct. According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the information provided, none of the scenarios described prevent Lawrence & Whitney, CPAs, from auditing Plinth Industries. CEO、CFO、Controller、或主要会计官：SOX法案规定，这些关键财务职务的人员在加入客户公司之前，必须有至少一年的“冷静期”。这意味着，如果这些人员在过去一年内是公司的审计师，那么该审计师或其所在的审计公司不能对该公司进行审计。 内部审计师：SOX法案中并未对内部审计师的职位设置具体的“冷静期”要求。 其他财务报告相关职位：no mention 对于**发行人（issuer）**的审计团队来说，法案规定了审计合作伙伴（lead audit or coordinating audit partner and the reviewing audit partner）的轮换要求，不能连续担任同一客户的审计合作伙伴超过**5年**

Question 198

Question: If Min, CPA, can't perform needed procedures in a financial statement review of a nonissuer, what happens to the review report? A. Min shouldn't issue a report because the review isn't complete. B. Min shouldn't issue a report unless the limitation is due to circumstances, not the client's actions. C. Min should issue a report with an extra paragraph before the last one explaining the issue. D. Min should issue a report with an extra paragraph before the last one explaining the issue, and the last paragraph should include "except for".

Answer 198

选项A 如果Min无法执行认为必要的审查程序，这意味着审查工作是不完整的。在这种情况下，Min不应该发出审查报告，因为审查报告的基础是对财务报表的某种程度的审查和分析已经完成。这是正确的选项。 选项B 无论范围限制的原因是客户的行为还是其他情况造成的，如果审查是不完整的，审计师都不应发出审查报告。因此，选项B不正确。 选项C 在审查报告中添加一个额外段落描述情况，并不是针对审查不完整的适当响应。审查不完整意味着审计师无法对财务报表的某些方面进行必要的程序执行，从而无法提供审查意见。因此，选项C不正确。 选项D 即使在报告的最后加上“除了”（except for）这样的词语，如果审查是不完整的，审计师也不应该发出审查报告。这类语言更适合于审计报告中，当审计师能够对财务报表进行充分审计但发现某些特定问题时使用。在审查上下文中，如果审查程序无法完成，最合适的做法是不发出任何审查报告。因此，选项D也不正确。

Question 199

Which of the following is true? A. An integrated audit may be performed for an issuer, but it is not required. B. An integrated audit may be performed for a nonissuer, but it is not required. C. An integrated audit is required for both issuers and nonissuers. D. An integrated audit is not required but is recommended for both issuers and nonissuers.

Answer 199

B 如果客户是发行人，则审计师必须对客户的财务报表和财务报告的内部控制进行综合审计。非发行人也可进行综合审计，但并非必须。

Question 200

Which of the following best describes a difference between an audit and a review of a nonpublic entity's annual financial statements? A. A review does not require the accountant to be independent, whereas an audit does require independence. B. An audit requires an understanding of internal control, whereas a review does not. C. An audit provides assurance regarding the financial statements, whereas a review provides no assurance. D. A review requires inquiry and analytical review procedures, whereas an audit requires only more corroborative auditing procedures.

Answer 200

选择 "B "是正确的。审计准则要求会计师在计划阶段充分了解实体及其环境，包括其内部控制。对年度财务报表的审核并不考虑对内部控制的了解。 注：对非发行人和发行人的中期审查（年度财务报表已审计）分别属于SAS《审计准则》或 PCAOB 的要求范畴，需要了解内部控制。

Question 201

Question: Under what condition can an accountant issue a review report on only the balance sheet of a nonissuer? A. If the balance sheet won't be used for obtaining loans or shared with creditors. B. If the balance sheet is for a personal financial plan. C. If there were no changes in accounting principles during the year. D. If there were no limitations on the review procedures conducted.

Answer 201

解释：选项 "D "是正确的： 选项 "D "是正确的，因为如果会计师能够不受限制地进行必要的查询和分析审查程序，就可以对资产负债表等单一财务报表出具审查报告。 选项 "A "不正确，因为资产负债表的使用目的并不影响会计师出具审核报告的能力。 选项 "B "不正确，因为资产负债表是否是个人财务计划的一部分不是出具审核报告的决定因素。 选项 "C "不正确，因为能否出具审查报告与当年会计原则是否发生变化无关。

Question 202

Spring Town is evaluating whether it will need an audit under the Single Audit Act. The town will need to engage an auditor to fulfill the expanded requirements of a single audit if the town: A. Expends more than $750,000 in federal financial assistance. B. Receives more than $750,000 in federal financial assistance. C. Expends more than $300,000 in federal financial assistance. D. Receives more than $300,000 in federal financial assistance.

Answer 202

A 为什么基于支出而非收入进行衡量的原因： 强调资金使用的合规性：支出反映了联邦资金的实际使用情况，这有助于审计师评估资金是否按照特定的联邦规定和程序被正确使用。收入只表明了资金的接收情况，而不足以反映资金是否被用于适当的目的。

Question 203

Which of the following procedures generally would not be performed in a review of a public entity's interim financial statements? A. Read the minutes of stockholder meetings, directors' meetings, etc. B. Inquire of the client's attorney. C.Inquire regarding significant deficiencies in internal control. D. Compare the current quarter to the comparable quarter from the previous year.

Answer 203

B选项 正确。 审查的性质：审查提供的是有限保证，主要通过管理层的询问和分析性程序来实现，而不是通过广泛的实质性测试或法律意见的获取。询问客户的律师通常与审计中评估可能的法律和诉讼风险相关，这在审查中不是重点。 选项D提到了将“当前季度与前一年同期季度进行比较”。这种比较是分析性程序的典型例子，特别是在审查临时财务报表的情况下。通过这种比较，审计师可以快速识别财务表现的显著变化，进而深入了解这些变化背后的原因。

Question 204

Which of the following services require the accountant to comply with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services? A. Processing payments in an accounting software system. B. Maintaining depreciation schedules. C. Preparing financial statements prior to audit or review by another accountant. D. Preparing financial statements in conjunction with litigation services that involve pending regulatory proceedings.

Answer 204

C选项 正确。在另一位会计师进行审计或审查之前准备财务报表是需要遵守SSARS的。这项服务涉及到财务报表的准备，可能会影响财务报表的准确性和完整性，因此需要按照SSARS的要求执行。 A选项和B选项 错误。处理支付和维护折旧表属于簿记服务，这类服务主要关注日常的财务记录和管理，而不直接涉及财务报表的准备。因此，这些服务不要求遵守SSARS。 D选项 错误。SSARS明确排除了与诉讼服务相关的财务报表准备，尤其是涉及监管程序的情况。这是因为当财务报表的准备与诉讼或监管程序直接相关时，会涉及特定的法律和监管要求，可能不完全适用于SSARS的标准。

Question 205

Question: Which situations impair an auditor's independence? A. A potential lawsuit for audit work and audit fees overdue for 120 days. B. A potential lawsuit for audit work, audit fees overdue for 120 days, and a $15,000 credit card debt with a client. C. Audit fees overdue for 120 days and a $15,000 credit card debt with a client. D. A potential lawsuit for audit work and a $15,000 credit card debt with a client.

Answer 205

解释： 选项 "D "是正确的，因为与审计缺陷有关的潜在诉讼和客户的大量信用卡余额（超过 10 000 美元）都会威胁审计师的独立性。但是，逾期未付的审计费用不会损害独立性，除非逾期超过一年。 选项 "A"、"B "和 "C "都不正确，因为只有逾期一年以上的审计费用才会损害独立性，而逾期 120 天的费用则不会。

Question 206

Question: What should a report on a nonissuer's audit of internal control include regarding its statements? A. Statements that inherent limitations may lead to undetected misstatements and future projections of internal control evaluation are risky. B. Statements about the risk of future internal control inadequacy and that the report is solely for certain parties' use. C. Statements on inherent limitations, future projection risks, and the report's use being restricted to specific parties. D. Statements on inherent limitations leading to potential undetected misstatements and the report being solely for specific parties.

Answer 206

解释： 选项 "A "是正确的，因为它包含了关于内部控制固有局限性的声明，这可能导致错报未被发现，并承认了与预测未来内部控制评价相关的风险。报告并没有限制其对特定方的使用，因此在这种情况下提及这种限制是不正确的。 选项 "B"、"C "和 "D "不正确，因为虽然内部控制审计报告讨论了固有的局限性和未来预测风险，但通常不包括限制其对特定方使用的声明。

Question 207

An auditor decides not to perform tests of the operating effectiveness of controls surrounding receivables. Which one of the following is not likely to be a reason for this decision? A. A very material error is noted in the accounts receivable account. B. The design of controls surrounding accounts receivable is inadequate. C. Due to the lack of a paper audit trail, it is not possible for appropriate control tests to be performed. D. It would be faster to do extensive substantive testing of the year-end receivables balance than it would be to test the related controls.

Answer 207

选择 A：在应收账款账户中发现一个非常重大的错误。这一选择表明，在应收账款账户中发现重大错误会直接影响放弃测试控制措施的决定。然而，出现错误并不自动意味着控制措施无效。审计师需要评估错误的性质和原因，然后再对控制措施的有效性做出判断。这一选择被认为是正确的，因为它代表了一种情况，即由于应收账款中的错误而不测试控制措施与这些控制措施的有效性没有逻辑联系，无需进一步调查。 控制设计不充分（Choice B）：如果审计师评估发现，与应收账款相关的控制设计不当或不充分，可能无法有效预防或检测重大错报，审计师可能会决定不进行控制有效性的测试。在这种情况下，审计师可能会依赖更多的实质性测试来获取审计证据。 缺乏适当的审计轨迹（Choice C）：如果因为缺乏纸质审计轨迹或其他适当的记录，使得无法有效地执行控制测试，审计师可能会选择不进行这些测试。缺乏可靠的审计轨迹可能意味着即使执行了控制测试，也难以得到充分的审计证据。因此，审计师可能转向执行实质性测试。 效率考量（Choice D）：如果从时间和资源的角度考虑，执行广泛的实质性测试比测试相关控制更为高效，审计师可能会基于效率考虑选择直接进行实质性测试。这种情况下，审计师可能判断，直接验证年末应收账款余额的准确性，比评估控制的操作有效性更加直接和高效。

Question 208

Which of the following would least likely be part of an auditor's procedures with respect to fair values? A. Obtain management representations relating to intent and ability to carry out planned courses of action. B. Review subsequent events occurring after completion of the audit for evidence regarding fair value measurements as of the balance sheet date. C. Develop an independent fair value estimate. D. Evaluate the appropriateness of the valuation model used by management.

Answer 208

**選項A：獲取管理層關於實施計劃行動的意圖和能力的聲明。**這是審計過程中的一個常見步驟，因為管理層的意圖和能力可以影響資產和負債的公允價值估計，特別是那些涉及未來計劃或預期的。 **選項B：審查完成審計後發生的後續事件，以尋找有關資產負債表日期公允價值衡量的證據。**根據說明，這是最不可能成為審計程序一部分的選項，因為審計員對於在審計報告日期之後發生的事件不負有持續審查的責任。審計員只關注那些在審計報告日期之前發生的事件，這些事件可能影響資產負債表日期的公允價值衡量。 **選項C：發展一個獨立的公允價值估計。**審計員可能會進行這樣的操作，以確認管理層的估計。這是評估管理層提供的公允價值估計的有效性的一種方法。 **選項D：評估管理層使用的估值模型的恰當性。**這也是審計過程中的一個重要步驟，因為估值模型的選擇對於確定資產和負債的公允價值至關重要。

Question 209

Where is an auditor least likely to search for unrecorded liabilities to ensure all payables are recorded in the correct period? A.Significant payments subsequent to the end of the period. B.Unbilled professional fees at the end of the period. C.Unmatched invoices and unbilled receiving reports. D.Significant payments prior to the end of the period.

Answer 209

**選項A：期末後的重大支付。**這類支付可能與年末存在的負債相關，因此是尋找未記錄負債的一部分。 **選項B：期末時未開具帳單的專業費用。**這些未開帳的費用可能未正確記錄為年末負債，所以審計時需要注意。 **選項C：未對賬的發票和未開帳的收貨報告。**這些文件的存在可能表明有未記錄的負債，是審計未記錄負債的重要範疇。 **選項D：期末前的重大支付。**這是正確答案，因為期末前的支付反映的是已不再是負債的項目。這類支付顯示的負債在年末已經清算，因此在尋找未記錄負債的過程中不太可能被包括。

Question 210

Nissen, CPA, is a registered public accounting firm. Which situation is least likely to violate PCAOB independence standards? A. Nissen provides tax services related to an aggressive tax transaction. B. Nissen provides tax services to the CEO of an audit client. C. Nissen accepts an engagement in which the engagement fee is dependent upon the results of the audit. D. Nissen provides non-audit services related to internal control to an audit client.

Answer 210

D 非審計服務可以包括稅務服務和與內部控制相關的服務，但這些服務的提供需嚴格遵守特定的規定來維持審計師的獨立性。這些規定包括： 稅務服務：雖然提供稅務服務本身並非完全禁止，但存在限制，特別是當服務涉及到某些特定類型的交易時（如與侵略性稅務交易相關的服務），或者服務對象是審計客戶的高級管理人員時。這些活動可能影響或看起來可能影響審計師的獨立性。 與內部控制相關的非審計服務：這類服務可能包括對內部控制系統的評估或設計的建議等。雖然這些服務不是禁止的，但必須向審計委員會書面通報這些服務的性質和範圍，並討論可能對審計師獨立性帶來的影響。 選項A提到Nissen提供與侵略性稅務交易相關的稅務服務。這被認為是違反公共公司會計監督委員會（PCAOB）獨立性標準的行為，原因如下： 侵略性稅務交易：這些交易通常涉及使用複雜或非典型的方法來減少稅負，可能包括稅務避障策略。這類稅務服務可能被視為對客戶提供了超出純粹稅務合規建議的協助，從而可能對審計師的獨立性造成影響。

Question 211

Question: When must an accountant modify their review report on a publicly held entity's interim financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP? A. When there's an accounting change, but disclosure is poor or GAAP isn't followed. B. When there are no issues with uncertainties, accounting changes, GAAP adherence, or disclosure quality. C. When there's uncertainty, GAAP isn't followed, or disclosure is inadequate. D. When GAAP isn't followed or disclosure is inadequate.

Answer 211

Correct Answer: D 如果财务信息不符合公认会计原则或披露不充分，则必须修改审查报告。如果披露充分，会计变更或不确定性不需要修改。

Question 212

Question: Which documents should the accounts payable department receive? A. Purchase Order, No Sales Order, No Signed Check B. No Purchase Order, Sales Order, No Signed Check C. No Purchase Order, Sales Order, Signed Check D. Purchase Order, No Sales Order, Signed Check

Answer 212

Correct Answer: A 应付账款部门应收到采购订单，以核实所订购的货物，并收到供应商发票，以核 实所开具的账单。他们不应处理销售订单，因为这些订单与收入周期有关，他们也不应处理已签署的支票，因为这涉及财务职能，可能导致职责分离的中断。

Question 213

Adam, CPA, is auditing a client's cash and fixed asset accounts. If the cash account had many transactions and the fixed asset account had few, how should Adam approach the audit for these accounts? A. Adam should use analytical procedures for both accounts. B. Adam should focus only on the ending balances of both accounts. C. Adam should audit all cash transactions and the ending balance for fixed assets. D. Adam should audit the ending balance for cash and the transactions for fixed assets.

Answer 213

正确答案D 答案： 对于交易较多的现金账户，关注期末余额更为实用。对于交易很少的固定资产，审计每笔交易并根据需要调整期初余额是合理的。分析程序对交易不可预测的账户可能没有帮助。

Question 214

Which of the following is least likely to affect an auditor's judgments about materiality? A. The client's evaluation of materiality. B. The nature of an item, such as an illegal but very small payment. C. The dollar amount of key figures in the previous years' financial statements. D. Consideration of what a reasonable person would think.

Answer 214

選項A: 客戶對重要性的評估。審計員在進行審計時必須獨立做出對重要性的判斷，不能依賴客戶的看法。這是因為重要性的概念是客觀的，應基於審計風險和財務報表整體的影響，而不是客戶的主觀評價。因此，選項A是正確的，因為客戶的評估最不可能影響審計員的判斷。 選項B: 項目的性質，例如非法但金額非常小的支付。即使金額不大，非法行為的性質也可能使其成為重要的，因為這關乎合規和道德標準。 選項C: 前幾年財務報表中關鍵數字的金額。審計員在確定重要性水平時，通常會參考過去期間的財務數據。 選項D: 考慮一個合理人士的看法。重要性的定義就是一個錯誤或遺漏會影響合理第三方的判斷。這是審計員在考慮重要性時必須考慮的重要概念。

Question 215

In what order might an auditor assess internal control processes? Options: A. Tests of controls, then understanding internal control. B. Additional tests of controls after thorough substantive testing. C. Substantive tests before tests of controls to find errors that indicate weaknesses. D. Simultaneous tests of controls and gaining an understanding of internal control.

Answer 215

正确答案D 答案解析：D 审计师评估客户内部控制系统的最佳方法是将控制评估与控制测试结合起来。这种同时进行的方法是审计效率的标志，可以简化流程，便于审计师理解控制环境并及时发现任何控制问题。 方案 A 順序錯，在开始对控制措施进行有意义的测试之前，首先需要了解控制环境。这种了解对于确定控制测试的范围和性质至关重要。选项 B 倒置了标准审计方法，该方法规定，应评估控制风险，以有效调整实质性程序。最后，选项 C 放错了测试顺序，因为实质性测试通常是根据控制测试的结果进行的，而不是相反。 审计师的首要目标是确定内部控制系统的稳健性，作为确定所需的实质性测试程度的前奏。这种方法确保审计师能够根据已确定的控制风险调整实质性程序的深度和广度。

Question 216

Question: What happens if the auditor's estimated maximum deviation rate is above the tolerable rate but the actual rate of deviation is below it? A. The auditor properly assesses control risk as low. B. The auditor improperly assesses control risk as too high. C. The auditor properly assesses control risk as high. D. The auditor improperly assesses control risk as too low.

Answer 216

答案：B 这种情况导致审计师评估的控制风险高于实际风险，从而不必要地增加了实质性测试。审计师的保守估计与控制的真实有效性不符。 maximum deviation rate (auditor's estimate) exceeds the tolerable rate

Question 217

Which of the following is true about quality control standards? A. Quality control standards do not apply to attestation engagements. B. The control environment is one of the quality control standards. C. Quality control standards affect the performance of a firm's practice overall, not the performance on a specific engagement. D. A firm that does not have an adequate system of quality control may still have complied with professional standards on a specific engagement.

Answer 217

选项A: 质量控制标准同样适用于鉴证服务（attestation engagements），所以该选项不正确。 选项B: 控制环境是内部控制的一个组成部分，而不是质量控制标准，因此该选项不正确。 选项C: 质量控制标准旨在影响一个会计师事务所整体的实践表现，同时也影响特定职责的表现，所以该选项不正确。 选项D: 即便是一个事务所的质量控制系统不充分，它在特定的职责上仍可能符合专业标准。这说明即使整体质量控制存在缺陷，单个职责执行过程中可能仍然保持了专业标准的遵循，因此该选项是正确的。 综上所述，选项D是正确的，表明一个会计师事务所的质量控制系统的不足并不必然导致其在具体职责上未遵守专业标准。

Question 218

Question: Julio, CPA, finds a material inconsistency and a material misstatement unrelated to the financial data in Megastar's annual report. What is Julio's initial response if the audit report and financial statements are accurate? A. Request to correct both issues in the annual report. B. Ask to have the audit report removed from the annual report. C. Request to fix the inconsistency only, ignoring the unrelated misstatement. D. Withdraw from the engagement.

Answer 218

Correct Answer: A 朱利奥应通过要求管理层修改年度报告来解决重大不一致和无关的重大事实错报问题，尽管后者与财务报表无关。这种做法维护了提交给股东的信息的完整性。

Question 219

Question: In which situation would an auditor not consider materiality when obtaining written client representations? A. Employee fraud involving significant internal control roles. B. No errors or unrecorded transactions in the financial statements. C. Details of cash balance restrictions due to compensating balance arrangements. D. Assumptions in accounting estimates.

Answer 219

选项A: 涉及内部控制结构中扮演重要角色的员工的欺诈行为。即使这种欺诈对财务报表的影响可能是不重大的，也不适用重要性的限制，因为这关系到员工的诚信问题。 选项B: 财务报表中不存在的错误和未记录的交易。对于这种情况，审计师在获取声明时通常会应用重要性限制，因为不重大的金额不需要被考虑。 选项C: 涉及对现金余额限制的对冲余额安排的披露。在这种情况下，审计师在获取声明时也会应用重要性限制。 选项D: 会计估计中使用的假设。在确定需要披露的假设时，审计师会应用重要性限制，重要的假设必须披露，而不重要的则不需要。 总结来说，选项A是正确的。

Question 220

In attribute sampling for a control's effectiveness, what determines an auditor's reliance on the control? Sample Deviation Rate: 5% Tolerable Deviation Rate: 6% Allowance for Sampling Risk: 2% A. The auditor cannot rely on the control if the tolerable rate plus sampling risk is more than the sample rate. B. The auditor can rely on the control if the tolerable rate is more than the sample rate. C. The auditor can rely on the control if the sample rate is more than the tolerable rate minus sampling risk. D. The auditor cannot rely on the control if the tolerable rate minus sampling risk is less than the sample rate.

Answer 220

Correct Answer: D Explanation: For the auditor to rely on the control, the sample deviation rate when combined with the allowance for sampling risk should not exceed the tolerable deviation rate. In this case, the tolerable deviation rate minus the allowance for sampling risk (6% - 2%) is 4%, which is less than the sample deviation rate of 5%, so the auditor should not rely on the control. sample deviation rate (S) + allowance for sampling risk (A) > = tolerable deviation rate (T) This can be restated as S > = T − A , which is what this option describes.

Question 221

What does the audit report specifically state regarding financial statements, and what is implied about consistency? A. The report states that the financial statements are presented according to US GAAP and mentions consistency explicitly. B. The report does not mention consistency, but it is implied if there is no mention of it. C. The report states that the financial statements are not presented according to US GAAP and mentions consistency explicitly. D. The report does not state that the financial statements are presented according to US GAAP but mentions inconsistency.

Answer 221

Correct Answer: B 审计报告明确说明财务报表是否符合美国公认会计原则。除非明确指出不一致之处，否则报告中会暗示会计原则应用的一致性。 在审计报告中不特别提及一致性，是因为假定财务报表在没有变更其使用的会计原则或方法的情况下，已按照一致的方式准备。这意味着，除非在报告中明确提到有关一致性的问题，否则预设的是会计原则的应用在连续的会计期间内保持一致。如果会计原则或方法发生变更，导致财务报表的比较性受到影响，那么这种变更必须在审计报告中明确地进行披露，以及必须说明这种变更对财务报表的影响。因此，只有当存在影响一致性的重要变更时，审计报告才会提及一致性问题。这种做法旨在简化报告，并避免对那些本身没有问题的事项进行不必要的强调。

Question 222

What control risk assessment method is appropriate for the purchase of fixed assets? Options: A. Match fixed asset additions to vendor invoices. B. Match fixed asset additions to cash disbursement records. C. Confirm delivery charges were included in the asset cost. D. Review fixed asset purchase authorizations.

Answer 222

Correct Answer: D 检查请购单是否得到适当批准，可以评估是否对固定资产购置的授权进行了控制， 这是一项控制活动。其他选项涉及实质性测试而非控制风险评估。 【实质性测试】： 目的：验证财务报表中的具体金额或数据的准确性。 包括：细节测试（如验证账目余额或交易的准确性），和分析性程序（比如比较不同期间的财务数据，寻找异常变动）。 时机：通常在对内部控制风险进行评估之后进行。 【控制风险评估】 目的：确定组织内部控制系统预防或发现和纠正财务报表错报的有效性。 包括：了解和评价内部控制的设计和实施，以及测试控制活动的有效性（控制测试）。 时机：在实质性测试之前，审计师需要了解内部控制系统来规划实质性测试的性质、时机和范围。

Question 223

Which of the following is not true about the five components of internal control? A. The auditor is required to have an understanding of each component. B. Each of the five components of internal control may affect any of the three overall entity objectives. C. The auditor is required to classify relevant controls into one of the five component categories. D. The five components of internal control are applicable to all audits.

Answer 223

【C】 选项A: 审计师需要了解每个内部控制组件。这是正确的，因为了解内部控制对于规划审计至关重要。 选项B: 内部控制的五个组件可能影响实体的三个总体目标（可靠的财务报告、有效/高效的运营、遵守法规）。这同样是正确的，因为内部控制的目的是帮助实现这些目标。 选项C: 审计师需要将相关控制分类到五个组件中的一个。这不是必需的；审计师使用这些组件作为识别和评估控制的一个框架，而不是为了分类。 选项D: 内部控制的五个组件适用于所有审计。这是正确的，因为不论被审计的实体类型，内部控制的基本组件都是适用的。

Question 224

If an auditor increases the assessed level of control risk, what should they do to maintain the planned level of overall audit risk? A. Perform fewer substantive tests. B. Raise the inherent risk. C. Increase the materiality threshold. D. Reduce detection risk.

Answer 224

【D】 当审计师提高控制风险的评估水平时，审计师必须调整检测风险的水平，以保持相同的总体审计风险。降低检测风险通常涉及执行更多实质性测试或更有效的审计程序。选项 A、B 和 C 是针对控制风险评估增加而对审计方法做出的不正确调整。

Question 225

Which of the following is not a required practice for Morris & Shannon, CPAs, when auditing an issuer's financial statements? A. Monitor independence from issuers who are audit clients. B. Describe the scope of the internal control testing performed. C. Maintain audit documentation for at least five years. D. Provide a second partner review of each audit report.

Answer 225

【C】 不是5年，應該是最少7年

Question 226

What is accurate regarding the appointment of an external auditor after the fiscal year-end? Options: A. It makes the audit more efficient due to more available data. B. It requires explicit consent from management, audit committee, and auditor. C. It's allowed if the auditor evaluates and discusses any audit limitations with the client. D. It's a common practice.

Answer 226

正确答案：CC 解释：在年底之后任命审计师是允许的： 允许在年底后任命审计师，前提是审计师评估了这一时间安排可能给审计流程带来的潜在限制，并将这些限制告知客户。虽然年终后可能会有更多的数据，但尽早任命审计师通常有利于更好地进行审计规划和执行。管理层或审计委员会对时间安排的正式同意并非规定要求。通常情况下，审计师在年底前任命，以参与重要的年终审计任务。

Question 227

What should an auditor do when utilizing a specialist with a contractual relationship with the client? A. Disclose the lack of independence in the audit report but still issue an unqualified opinion. B. Disclose the lack of independence and issue a qualified or disclaimer opinion based on materiality. C. Acceptable if the auditor assesses the relationship's impact on the specialist’s objectivity. D. It violates generally accepted auditing standards.

Answer 227

【C】 不需要在审计报告中披露专家与客户的关系，是因为审计标准主要关注的是审计证据的适用性和足够性以及专家的客观性和独立性。当审计师使用与客户有合同关系的专家时，审计师的责任是评估该专家的工作是否可靠，以及专家的客观性是否可能受到该关系影响

Question 228

How do you calculate sample size using probability-proportional-to-size（PPS） sampling in an audit? Tolerable Misstatement: $126,000 Reliability Factor: 6.3 (for 5% risk of incorrect acceptance and 2 allowable misstatements) Recorded Account Balance: $700,000

Answer 228

1.Determine the reliability factor from the PPS table based on the risk of incorrect acceptance and the allowed number of misstatements. 2.Calculate the sampling interval by dividing the tolerable misstatement by the reliability factor. 3.Determine the sample size by dividing the total account balance by the sampling interval. Example: Tolerable Misstatement: $126,000 Reliability Factor: 6.3 (for 5% risk of incorrect acceptance and 2 allowable misstatements) Recorded Account Balance: $700,000 Sampling Interval 采样间隔= $126,000 / 6.3 Sample Size = $700,000 / Sampling Interval

Question 229

Audit: ? assurance, GAAS or ISA, extensive testing. Compilation: ? assurance, ?, assembles financial data. Review: ? assurance, SSARS, inquiries and analytical procedures. Agreed-upon Procedures: ? assurance, ?, specific procedures with findings reported.

Answer 229

Audit: High assurance, GAAS or ISA, extensive testing. Compilation: No assurance, SSARS, assembles financial data. Review: Limited assurance, SSARS, inquiries and analytical procedures. Agreed-upon Procedures: No assurance, SSAE, specific procedures with findings reported.

Question 230

Question: When using analytical procedures as the main way to test a financial statement assertion, which of the following does the auditor NOT need to document? A. How the expected numbers compare to the client's recorded numbers. B. How this year's audit results compare to last year's. C. Any extra audit steps taken because of big differences that weren't explained. D. What the auditor expected to find before comparing.

Answer 230

选项 "B "是正确的。在侧重于本年度实质性测试的分析程序中，文件不需要包括与上一年度审计结果的比较。审计员的文件应集中于当前的审计，包括预期、与记录金额的比较，以及对意外出现的重大差异的回应。 選項D需要記錄因為它包含了審計師在比較之前對數據預期的理解，這對於評估和解釋分析結果是關鍵。

Question 231

Which of the following entity-level controls is specifically identified in the professional standards as a control of importance that should be evaluated? A. Centralized processing controls B. Monitoring of controls C. Period-end financial reporting controls D. Risk-management policies

Answer 231

Choice “C” is correct. Period-end financial reporting process controls are specifically identified within the professional standards as items of importance that should be evaluated.

Question 232

Question: In a questionnaire about internal control for the completeness of purchases, which question is most appropriate? Options: A. Are requisitions matched with invoices and prenumbered? B. Is the voucher file checked against inventory records by someone without access to requisitions? C. Are purchase orders, receiving reports, and vouchers prenumbered and checked regularly? D. Must there be an authorized order before receiving a shipment or recording a voucher?

Answer 232

【C】 选项A："采购申请是否预编号，并且与供应商发票独立匹配？" 这个问题关注的是采购申请和供应商发票之间的匹配过程，以及是否采用了预编号系统来跟踪这些文档。这主要涉及到控制采购过程中的精确度和验证供应商发票的合理性，而不直接关注所有采购活动的完整性记录。 选项C："采购订单、收货报告和凭证是否预编号，并定期核对？" 此问题直接关联到确保采购活动的完整性。通过预编号的采购订单、收货报告和凭证，以及定期的核对过程，可以帮助确认所有的采购活动都被记录和追踪，没有遗漏。这种方法有助于揭示任何未记录的采购，更直接地涉及到完整性的断言。

Question 233

Question: If an auditor finds material noncompliance after the audit period before issuing an unmodified compliance report, what is the least appropriate action? A. Add a paragraph to the report about the noncompliance. B. Check if the noncompliance was related to conditions before or after the period. C. Issue a report with qualifications about the noncompliance. D. Talk to management or governance about the noncompliance.

Answer 233

选项 "C "是最不恰当的做法，因为对审计期后发生的不合规情况出具有保留意见的报 告，并不能准确反映审计期内的合规情况。报告应与审计期间有关，任何重大的期后不合规情况都应以不同的方式处理，而不是通过对该期间的合规情况发表有保留的意见。

Question 234

Which of the following audit techniques most likely would provide an auditor with the most assurance about the effectiveness of the operation of internal control? A. Confirmation with outside parties. B. Inquiry of client personnel. C. Recomputation of account balance amounts. D. Observation of client personnel.

Answer 234

A. 与外部方确认（Confirmation with outside parties）：这是一种实质性测试方法，主要用于验证账户余额或其他财务信息的准确性，而不是评估内部控制的有效性。因此，这种技术虽然对某些审计目的很重要，但对于评估内部控制的操作效果而言，它不提供直接的保证。 D. 观察客户人员（Observation of client personnel）：这种方法允许审计师直接观察内部控制措施的实际运作情况，特别是那些留下很少或没有审计痕迹的控制。观察可以提供关于控制是否按预定程序执行的直接证据，因此它能提供对内部控制有效性的高度保证。 综上所述，选项D是正确答案

Question 235

Question: Which of the following is not a significant audit finding that needs to be documented? A. Doubt about the company's future as a going concern. B. A material sale recorded in the wrong year. C. Applying a new accounting rule for a complex transaction. D. Change in the accounts payable manager.

Answer 235

解释：选项 "D "是正确的，因为工作人员的变动，如应付账款经理退休和聘用替代人员，不被视为需要在审计记录中记录的重大审计发现。重大审计发现通常涉及可能影响财务报表可靠性或需要修改审计报告的问题。 選項A： 審計報告中的修改：如果審計師確定存在重大疑慮影響企業的持續經營能力，則可能需要在審計報告中修改意見，通過添加一個或多個段落來強調這一點，具體取決於疑慮的性質和嚴重程度。

Question 236

Question: If a CPA changes an audit engagement to a review due to a scope limitation, as requested by the client, what should be included in the review report? A. Details of audit procedures done before the change. B. The CPA's reason for agreeing to the change. C. A note that a review is much less thorough than an audit. D. A mention of the scope limitation leading to the engagement change.

Answer 236

解释：选项 "C "是正确的，因为当注册会计师从审计业务转为审阅业务时，审阅报告应明确指出审阅的范围远远小于审计，以澄清所提供的保证程度。

Question 237

Question: If an auditor finds a control deficiency and material misstatements in ABC Corp.'s sales but the client corrects the misstatements, which action is the auditor least likely to take? A. Reevaluate the risk associated with controls. B. Give a qualified opinion on the financial statements. C. Decide if the deficiency is significant or a major weakness. D. Look into other controls related to sales orders.

Answer 237

选项 "B "是正确的，因为如果客户纠正了已发现的重大错报，假定没有其他问题，财务报表应能获得无保留意见。在这种情况下，审计师出具保留意见的可能性较小。

Question 238

Question: Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which non-audit service can a registered public accounting firm offer to its audit client with the audit committee's preapproval? A. Actuarial services for the audit. B. Consulting on financial information system design. C. Tax services. D. Outsourcing of internal audit functions.

Answer 238

选项 "C "是正确的，因为根据 2002 年《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》，在审计委员会事先批准的情况下，允许审计事务所向其审计客户提供税务服务。所列的其他服务受到特别限制，以确保审计师的独立性并防止利益冲突。 设计或实现财务信息系统可能会让审计师参与到公司的内部决策和操作中，这可能会影响审计师的客观性和公正性，因此被明确禁止。这种服务可能导致审计师对自己或客户的非审计服务作出的决策或系统设计进行“自我审查”，这与保持审计独立性的原则相违背。

Question 239

Question: Which is not a main goal when auditing a client's related party transactions? A. Ensure financial statements fairly present all related party transactions. B. Identify related party transactions not done at arm’s length. C. Identify fraud risk from related party transactions. D. Confirm all related party transactions are identified and disclosed.

Answer 239

选项 "B "是正确的，因为确定关联方交易是否按公平原则进行并不是审计此类交易的主要目标。重点在于这些交易的披露和公允列报，而不是评估这些交易是否在非关联方之间进行。

Question 240

Question: In a report on agreed-upon procedures, which statement should be included? A. I did not notice anything unusual from the procedures. B. All classifications followed the performance documents. C. It's the practitioner's job to ensure the procedures are enough. D. The engaging party agreed that the performed procedures met the engagement's purpose.

Answer 240

选择 "D "是正确的。执业者关于约定程序的报告应包含这样的声明，即所执行的程序是约定方同意的程序。 选择 "A "不正确。执业者关于约定程序的报告包含对主题事项的否认意见。在约定程序业务中不提供有限保证。 选择 "B "不正确。执业者关于约定程序的报告不应包括所有分类代码似乎都符合这些绩效文件的声明。选择 "B "不正确，因为约定程序约定可能涉及与代码分类无关的主题，而约定程序报告不包括任何形式的保证。 选择 "C "不正确。执业者的约定程序报告应包含这样的声明：程序的充分性是约定方的责任，而不是执业者的责任。执业者不对程序的充分性负责。

Question 241

Question: Why should the audit work of each assistant be reviewed? A. To check if the results support the auditor's report conclusions. B. To verify the assistants' audit skills and training. C. To ensure audit procedures are recognized in professional standards. D. To confirm the audit's quality control system is effective.

Answer 241

选择 "A "是正确的。有必要审查助理的工作，以确定其工作是否以令人满意的方式进行，并确定这些工作是否支持审计员报告中提出的结论。 选择 "B "不正确。审查助理的工作并不一定能说明该助理的技术培训和熟练程度。审查过程是为了确定审计工作是否以令人满意的方式进行。 选择 "C "不正确。具体的审计程序是根据审计师的判断执行的，不一定在专业标准中得到批准。 选择 "D "不正确。事务所建立复核程序（质量控制体系）的责任有别于审计师充分计划和监督特定业务工作的责任。质量控制标准涉及事务所整体审计业务的开展；公认会计原则涉及单项审计的开展。

Question 242

Question: What is a likely advantage of using classical variables sampling over probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling? A. Significant amounts are automatically chosen. B. No need for computer programs to design the sample. C. Zero and negative balances don't need special handling. D. No need to estimate the population's standard deviation.

Answer 242

选项 "C "是正确的，因为经典变量抽样与 PPS 抽样不同，不需要特别的设计考虑来包括零余额和负余额。 目的：两种方法都旨在从大量数据中抽取样本，以评估总体的财务信息或检测错误。 统计基础：它们都基于统计原理，允许审计师通过对样本的分析来对总体进行推断。 【区别】： 抽样基础： Classical Variables：基于平均值或总值估计，适合准确性评估。 PPS：基于单位金额，概率与金额成正比，适合查找大额误差。 特殊处理需求： Classical Variables：处理零和负数简单。 PPS：零和负数需特殊处理。 标准偏差估计： Classical Variables：需要估计标准偏差。 PPS：不需直接估计标准偏差。 显著金额抽中概率： Classical Variables：不自动选择显著金额。 PPS：大额项目更易被抽中。 实施复杂度： Classical Variables：可能需要复杂计算和技术支持。 PPS：某些情况下实施较简单，尽管特殊项处理需谨慎。

Question 243

Question: How should an auditor handle fax responses when confirming accounts receivable to reduce risks? A. Accept the faxes after checking for forgeries or alterations. B. Review shipping documents as proof of the receivables. C. Confirm the fax's origin and content by calling the senders. D. Treat the faxes as if no response was received and consider the implications.

Answer 243

选项B提到的“检查运输文件，以证实存在权断言”，虽然是审计过程中用于验证账户应收款存在性的一个有效手段，但在这个特定的情境下，它并不直接解决与接受传真回复所带来的风险相关的问题。这个问题关注的是如何确认传真回应的有效性和可靠性，特别是当请求确认应收账款时。与此相比，通过电话验证传真的来源和内容（选项C）直接针对的是确认传真回应的真实性，从而降低由于接受可能被伪造或更改的传真回应而产生的风险。

Question 244

Question: Under U.S. GAAS, when should Pell, CPA, as group engagement partner, mention Smith, CPA's audit work in the audit report of Tech Consolidated, Inc.? A. When Pell cannot review Smith's audit documentation but knows Smith has a great professional reputation. B. Regardless of Pell's opinion type or review of Smith's work. C. Never, regardless of Pell's ability to review Smith's work or Smith's reputation. D. Only if Pell reviews Smith's work and takes responsibility for it, but expresses a qualified opinion.

Answer 244

选项 "A "是正确的，因为《美国公认会计原则》要求集团约定合伙人在无法复核组成审计师工作的情况下，在审计报告中提及组成审计师的工作，即使该组成审计师在专业性方面享有盛誉。

Question 245

Which of the following would be an appropriate title for a statement of revenue and expenses prepared using an other comprehensive basis of accounting (OCBOA)? A.Statement of income-regulatory basis. B.Statement of activities. C.Income statement. D.Statement of operations.

Answer 245

A 當涉及到使用其他綜合基礎會計（OCBOA）準備財務報表時，這些財務報表通常會根據特定規範或需求來編製，而非按照美國一般公認會計原則（GAAP）。 Statement of income-regulatory basis (收入報表 - 監管基礎) 適用範圍：某些行業，如保險或銀行業，可能因為特定監管要求而需要在特定監管基礎下編製財務報表。例如，一家保險公司可能需要按照州保險監管機構的要求來報告其財務狀況。 例子：在美國，保險公司可能會根據國家保險委員會（NAIC）的規範來編製和報告其收入和費用，報告名稱可能會指明“按監管基礎”。

Question 246

Delta Life Insurance Co. uses a state-specific accounting basis. If auditor Wall, CPA, notices the financial statement titles are incorrect, what should Wall do? A.Issue a special statutory basis report that clearly disclaims any opinion. B.Apply to the state insurance commission for an advisory opinion. C. Explain in the notes to the financial statements the terminology used. D. Disclose any reservations in a basis for modification paragraph and qualify the opinion.

Answer 246

Explanation: Option D is correct. When financial statements are prepared under a non-GAAP comprehensive basis of accounting and lack suitable titles, they should receive a qualified opinion with a modification paragraph. Option A is incorrect. An auditor should not disclaim an opinion unless there are issues with scope or independence. Option B is incorrect. It's not necessary for the auditor to seek advice from the commission on how to title the statements or handle the situation. Option C is incorrect. The financial statements' notes are for management to communicate, not the auditor.

Question 247

The objective of tests of details of transactions performed as tests of controls is to: A. Detect material misstatements in the account balances of the financial statements. B. Determine whether controls have been implemented. C. Evaluate whether controls operated effectively. D. Monitor the design and use of entity documents such as prenumbered shipping forms.

Answer 247

《C》 選項“A”初看之下似乎合乎邏輯，因為發現財務報表中的重大錯誤是任何審計的關鍵目標。然而，理解為何它不正確的關鍵在於區分兩種主要類型的審計測試：實質性測試和控制測試。 實質性測試的目的是發現財務報表中的重大錯誤。這些測試通過驗證財務報表中的數據的有效性和完整性直接評估財務信息的準確性。例如，與第三方確認餘額、分析差異以及對重大交易進行詳細分析。 控制測試則旨在評估組織對財務報告的內部控制的有效性。這些測試確定控制措施是否按預期功能運作，並且是否有效地防止或發現財務報表流程中的錯誤或欺詐。這些測試可能涉及觀察控制措施的應用、重新執行構成控制的程序，或檢查支持控制運作的文檔。 因此，雖然選項“A”（發現重大錯誤）是審計工作的總體目標，它直接與實質性測試的目的相符，而不是控制測試。選項“C”（評估控制是否有效運作）專門針對控制測試的目的。

Question 248

Which of the following would be considered a detective control over standing data? A.Access and authorization control B.Read-only rights C.Reconciliation of changes to the data D.Change control

Answer 248

【C】 【控制類型】 預防控制（Preventive Controls）： 這些控制措施的目的是防止錯誤或不規範行為的發生。它們通常設立在風險事件發生之前，旨在減少不希望發生的事件的可能性。 侦查控制（Detective Controls）： 侦查控制用於識別問題或錯誤在已經發生後的狀況。這類控制通常是事後進行的，目的是快速發現並糾正問題，從而限制錯誤帶來的損害。 【選項解析】 選項A: 訪問和授權控制： 這是一種預防性控制措施，用來限制對資料的訪問權限，確保只有獲得授權的人員能夠訪問敏感或關鍵的數據。此控制通過管理使用者的許可權和角色，來預防未經授權的數據訪問或變更。 選項C: 對數據變更的對帳： 這是一種侦查控制，因為它涉及到定期檢查和核對數據變更，以確認所有變更都是合規且經過適當審核的。這有助於發現和糾正潛在的錯誤或未經授權的活動。

Question 249

Question Which of the following would be a consideration in planning an auditor's sample for a test of controls? A. The auditor's allowable risk of assessing control risk too high. B. The auditor's allowable risk of assessing control risk too low. C. The level of detection risk for the account. D. Preliminary judgments about materiality levels. Explanation

Answer 249

【B】 審計師在規劃控制測試樣本時，會考慮允許控制風險過低的風險，即錯過對控制的潛在重大錯誤的檢測。如果審計師設定了過高的允許控制風險，那麼審計師可能會錯過控制失效的重大錯誤，這可能導致審計意見的不准確性。因此，選項 B. 是在規劃控制測試樣本時應考慮的一個重要因素。 目的的不同：選項B關注於控制風險的評估，即確定企業內部控制措施防止或檢測和糾正錯誤和舞弊的能力。選項D關注於實質性測試中涉及的交易和賬戶餘額的準確性。 影響的範疇：控制風險的評估（選項B）對整個審計方法的設計有深遠的影響，尤其是在決定實施哪些額外的審計程序方面。物質性判斷（選項D）則主要影響實質性測試的深度和廣度。

Question 250

Of the following nonfinancial information, what would an auditor most likely consider in performing analytical procedures during the planning phase of an audit? A. Management's plans to repurchase stock. B. Square footage of selling space. C. Objectivity of audit committee members. D. Turnover of personnel in the accounting department.

Answer 250

選項B：銷售區域的平方英尺是正確的，因為審計師在進行分析程序時會使用與財務結果邏輯相關的非財務信息。例如，銷售區域的平方英尺增加（如新增商店或擴大現有商店）通常應與銷售量的增加相關聯。審計師可能會比較銷售區域增長與報告的銷售數字，以檢查一致性或異常。如果銷售數字並未與銷售空間的擴展成比例增加，這可能促使進一步調查銷售記錄的準確性或新空間的有效性。 选项 A 不正确。管理层的股票回购计划通常是针对控制风险和披露要求进行审查，而不是在计划阶段的分析程序中进行审查。 选项 C 不正确。审计委员会成员的客观性与业务约定的接受以及欺诈和控制风险的评估有关，而与计划中的分析程序无关。 选项 D 不正确。会计人员的流动是评估控制风险和舞弊风险的一个因素，而不是计划阶段的分析程序。

Question 251

Question: Which disclaimer within a confirmation response could an auditor consider sufficient audit evidence for an audit of a nonissuer? Options: A. Information comes from electronic sources that may lack some data the respondent has. B. Information may not be accurate or current and could reflect opinions. C. The recipient cannot rely on the information in the confirmation. D. Information is provided as a courtesy without any obligation or guarantee.

Answer 251

说明：选项 D 正确： 选项 D 正确。一般免责声明，如声明信息的提供不附带任何义务或保证，并不会削弱已确认信息的可靠性。此类免责声明通常被视为标准声明，不会影响审计师将信息用作证据的能力。 选项 A 不正确，因为它表明信息可能不完整，会引起对其可靠性的担忧。 选项 B 不正确，因为它质疑信息的准确性和及时性，使其可能不可靠。 选项 C 不正确，因为它直接建议不要依赖该确认，从而认为该信息在审计方面不可靠。

Question 252

To obtain audit evidence about control risk, an auditor ordinarily selects tests from a variety of techniques, including: A.Analysis. B.Confirmation. C.Reperformance. D.Comparison.

Answer 252

Choice "C" is correct. Reperforming the application of relevant controls provides evidence regarding their operating effectiveness.

Question 253

Question: To ensure that all items on a client's inventory list are valid, an auditor would most likely trace: Options: A. Items from receiving reports and vendors' invoices to the inventory list. B. Inventory tags seen during the audit to items in receiving reports and invoices. C. Inventory tags seen during the audit to items on the inventory list. D. Items on the inventory list to inventory tags and the auditor’s count sheets.

Answer 253

Explanation for the Correct Answer: Choice "D" is correct because tracing from the inventory list to inventory tags and the auditor’s count sheets helps verify the actual existence of the listed items.】 选项D被选为正确答案的理由在于，它准确地反映了审计程序的核心目的：确保投资的分类和估值的准确性。这里的分类和估值是指投资在财务报表中的呈现方式及其价值评估的正确

Question 254

檢測kiting應該用哪另個日期？ 1.Disbursement Date (Per Books): 2.Disbursement Date (Per Bank): 3.Receipt Date (Per Books): 4.Receipt Date (Per Bank):

Answer 254

1和4. 如果4早於1，則有kiting（支票套现）行为

Question 255

Which of the following is not considered evidence of failure in the operation of internal controls? A. Misrepresentation by client personnel to the auditor. В. Insufficient control consciousness. C. Undue bias or lack of objectivity. D. Management override of controls.

Answer 255

选择 "B "是正确的。控制意识不足是控制设计缺陷的一个例子，而不是内部控制运行失败的证据。 不是内部控制运行失败的证据。 选择 "A "不正确。客户人员对审计师的失实陈述被视为内部控制运行失败的证据。 内部控制运行失败的证据。 选择 "C "不正确。不适当的偏见或缺乏客观性被认为是内部控制运作失败的证据。 内部控制失效的证据。 选择 "D "不正确。管理层凌驾于控制之上被视为内部控制运行失败的证据。

Question 256

An auditor would be most likely to identify a contingent liability by obtaining a (an): A. Transfer agent confirmation. B. Standard bank confirmation. C. Accounts payable confirmation. D.Related party transaction confirmation.

Answer 256

选择 "B "是正确的。审计员最有可能通过获取标准银行确认书来识别或有负债，该确认书有一个 "例外情况和意见 "框，专门披露作为贷款背书人的或有负债、开立的信用证等。 选择 "A "是错误的。过户代理确认书与证券买卖有关。它们并不总是被使用，也很少披露或有负债。 选择 "C "不正确。应付账款确认涉及现有负债，而不是或有负债。它们并不总是被使用，而且很少披露或有负债。 选择 "D "不正确。关联方交易确认涉及已经发生的交易。它们并不总是使用，而且很少披露或有事项。

Question 257

In a financial statement audit, communication of significant deficiencies must be made by ——？ in an audit of internal control, the communication must be made by——？ A）the report release date B）within 60 days of the report release date

Answer 257

B-A

Question 258

Which of the following is the relevant authoritative literature for an audit of internal control of a nonissuer? A. PCAOB Auditing Standards B. Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements C. Statements on Auditing Standards D. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services

Answer 258

【C】 SASs（审计准则声明）：专门用于非发行实体的财务报表审计和内部控制审计。 SSAEs（鉴证服务准则声明）：用于鉴证服务，如合规审查、预测报表的审计等，涉及提供保证但不是传统财务审计的服务。 PCAOB（公共公司会计监督委员会审计标准）：用于发行实体（即上市公司）的财务报表和内部控制审计。 SSARSs（会计和审查服务准则声明）：用于非审计服务，如财务信息的编制、复核和其他会计服务。

Question 259

Question: When an auditor finds a potential significant fraud during an audit, what should they do first according to generally accepted government auditing standards? Options: A. Expand audit procedures to check if fraud actually occurred. B. Immediately inform management about the potential fraud. C. Suggest a separate engagement to investigate the fraud. D. Pass the investigation of the fraud to the oversight authority.

Answer 259

【A】 在审计中发现潜在重大欺诈行为时，审计师的首要响应通常是扩展审计程序，而不是直接与管理层沟通。这是因为审计师需要首先确认欺诈行为是否确实发生，以及其具体的性质和范围。 如果审计师在审计中发现可能影响财务报表准确性的重要问题，但这些问题不涉及欺诈或非法行为，那么与管理层沟通这些发现是合适的。例如，关于会计政策的选择、估计的不确定性或内部控制的缺陷等问题。

Question 260

Which of the following would not be considered an attest engagement subject to attestation standards? A. An engagement to review pro forma financial statements. B. An engagement to examine a financial forecast. C. An engagement to examine management's assertion about a subject matter. D. An engagement to review the financial statements of a nonpublic company.

Answer 260

选项 D：对非上市公司财务报表进行审查。 正确答案。对非上市公司财务报表的审查是根据《会计和审查服务准则声明》（SSARS）进行的，而非《鉴证服务准则声明》（SSAE）。因此，此类业务不受鉴证标准的约束。

Question 261

Which statement accurately differentiates between SOC 1® and SOC 2® reports on internal controls at a service organization? Options: B. A SOC 1® report is a report on the internal controls over financial reporting at a service organization and a SOC 2® report is a report on internal controls related to one or more of the Trust Services Criteria. D. A SOC 1® report is a report on the internal controls related to one or more of the Trust Services Criteria and a SOC 2® report is a report on internal controls over financial reporting at a service organization.

Answer 261

【B】 SOC 1®: for 1 financial reporting". SOC 2®: 2rust services". SOC 1: Financial, Accuracy, Reporting. SOC 2: Security, Privacy, Trust

Question 262

When a CPA audits an enterprise's financial statements under Government Auditing Standards due to government grant agreements, where must the report on internal controls be presented? Options: A. In the notes to the financial statements. B. In a separate report.

Answer 262

Explanation: Option B is correct. The report on internal controls can be included in the main audit report or detailed in a separate report as required by Government Auditing Standards. Option A is incorrect. The notes to the financial statements are prepared by management and do not include the auditor’s reports on internal controls as per Yellow Book requirements. 财务报表附注主要是管理层对财务报表内容的补充说明和解释，而单独的审计报告则用于满足特定审计标准对审计师在内部控制和合规性测试方面的报告要求。

Question 263

Which of the following is a standard applicable to financial statement audits under Government Auditing Standards? Options: A. The auditor should describe the statistical sampling method used in the report. B. The auditor should report on the scope of testing internal controls. C. The auditor should verify the validity of the entity's measures of economy and efficiency. D. The auditor should evaluate how well the entity's programs meet desired outcomes.

Answer 263

说明：选项 B 正确： 选项 B 正确。根据《政府审计准则》，审计人员必须报告他们对内部控制和法律法规遵守情况的测试范围。 选项 A 不正确，因为详细说明统计抽样方法通常与绩效审计有关，而不是标准财务报表审计。 选项 C 不正确，因为评估经济和效率的措施与绩效审计有关，而与标准财务报表审计无关。 选项 D 不正确，因为评估项目成果与绩效审计有关，而不是标准财务报表审计。

Question 264

Which of the following statements aligns with the standards for financial statement audits under Government Auditing Standards? Options: A. Evaluate the success of the entity’s programs. B. Check the entity's economic and efficiency metrics. C. Document the extent of testing internal controls. D. Summarize the statistical sampling methods in the report.

Answer 264

Choice "C" is correct. Auditors should report on the scope of their testing of compliance with laws and regulations and of internal controls. Choice "B" is incorrect. The auditor would assess whether the entity has reportable measures of economy and efficiency that are valid and reliable as part of an economy and efficiency (performance) audit, not a financial statement audit.

Question 265

Question: In Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards, which term is used to describe a professional requirement that must be complied with unless a special explanation is provided? Options: A. Conditional requirement. B. Explanatory requirement. C. Unconditional requirement. D. Presumptively mandatory requirement.

Answer 265

选项 D：推定强制性要求 正确。在政府公认审计标准中，"推定强制性要求"指的是在大多数情况下必须遵守的规则。只有在极少数情况下，如果审计师认为有必要偏离这些规则，必须提供特别的解释，说明为何偏离是必要的，以及采取的替代程序如何足够实现原规则的意图。这种情形通常涉及到非常特殊或异常的情况。

Question 266

In an audit of an entity's internal control, a material weakness in internal control results in which opinion？ 1. adverse opinion 2. unqualified opinion 3. Disclaimer of Opinion

Answer 266

【1】

Question 267

Compliance Examination（合规性审查） Compilation（彙編） 保證級別，是否應該發表意見？

Answer 267

Compliance Examination（合规性审查）妗婆拉人屎，GAAS 獨立，合理保證， 标准：美国公认审计准则（GAAS）或国际审计准则（ISA），或特定的合规审查标准。 报告：会计师会出具一个详细的审查报告，说明实体的合规状态，并对发现的任何不合规问题进行说明。 Compilation（彙編）今鋪利申，不負責任 無須維持獨立，不提供保證，不發表意見 标准：彙編服务遵循《会计与审阅服务准则》（SSARS），这是由美国会计师公会（AICPA）制定的。 报告：会计师会出具一个彙編报告，指出所提供的财务报表是基于管理层提供的信息，强调没有进行审计或审阅，因此不提供任何保证。

Question 268

An auditor was engaged to conduct a performance audit of a governmental entity in accordance with Govemment audling Standards. These standards do not require, as part of this auditor's report: A. A statement of the audit objectives and a description of the audit scope. B. Indications or instances of illegal acts that could result in criminal prosecution discovered during the audit. C. The pertinent views of the entity's responsible officials concerning the auditor's findings. D. A concurrent opinion on the financial statements taken as a whole.

Answer 268

選項 D 在原本的狀態下指出，審計報告中不要求包含對財務報表整體的同時意見。這是正確的，因為性能審計（performance audit）主要關注的是程序的有效性、效率以及達成目標的程度，而不是財務報表的整體準確性，這通常是財務審計的範疇。

Question 269

Reporting standards for financial audits under Government Auditing Standards (the Yellow Book) differ from reporting under generally accepted auditing standards in that Government Auditing Standards require the auditor to: * A. Present the results of the auditor's tests of controls. B. Provide negative assurance that the auditor discovered no evidence of intentional override of internal controls. C. Describe the scope of the auditor's principal substantive tests. D. Provide positive assurance that control activities regarding segregation of duties are consistent with the entity's control objectives.

Answer 269

此题目涉及到在政府审计标准（通常称为“黄皮书”）下进行财务审计的报告要求，与普通公认审计标准（GAAS）的差异。政府审计标准要求审计师在审计报告中提供关于内部控制和合规性测试的额外信息。这些要求强调了对内部控制和遵守法规的测试范围及其结果的透明度。下面是对各个选项的解释： 选项 A（正确）： 按照政府审计标准，审计师的报告需要描述对内部控制以及合规性的测试范围，并展示这些测试的结果。这意味着报告不仅反映了财务报表的公允性，还详细说明了内部控制测试的具体内容和发现。

Question 270

When a service organization provides services that affect the initiation, execution, processing, or reporting of a user company's transactions, those services are: A. Considered to be part of the user company's information system. B. Not considered to be part of the user company's internal control. C. Considered to be part of the user company's control environment. D. Considered to be part of the user company's control activities.

Answer 270

【A】 根据审计标准和内部控制框架，如COSO，当一个服务组织提供影响用户公司交易的启动、执行、处理或报告的服务时，这些服务应如何被理解和分类是至关重要的。这些服务可以看作是用户公司内部控制系统的一部分。

Question 271

According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, a chief executive officer must certify each of the following, except: A. The financial expertise of the audit committee. B. The management internal control report. C.The quarterly financial report. D. The annual financial report.

Answer 271

根据萨班斯-奥克斯利法案（Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002），首席执行官（CEO）和首席财务官（CFO）被要求对公司的年度和季度财务报告进行认证。这包括声明报告是准确无误的，并且公平地反映了公司的财务状况。此外，法案还要求管理层必须发表一份关于公司内部控制有效性的报告。 选项 A：关于审计委员会的财务专长的认证。萨班斯-奥克斯利法案确实要求上市公司的审计委员会中至少有一名被认定为具有财务专长的成员，但这项法规并不要求CEO在财务报告中对审计委员会成员的财务专长进行认证。首席执行官对审计委员会的财务专长负责任或进行证明并不是萨班斯-奥克斯利法案的要求。

Question 272

Question: According to the Office of Management and Budget's audit requirements for Federal award expenditures by non-Federal entities, which statement is correct? A. Government loans are considered noncash assistance. B. Free rent received for a federal program counts as federal funds spent. C. Donated surplus property must not be valued at the federal agency's assessed value. D. Food stamps must not be valued at fair market value when received.

Answer 272

作为联邦奖励的一部分收到的免费租金被算作已支出的联邦资金，这与管理和预算办公室要求非联邦实体处理此类援助的方式一致。其他方案错误地表述了应如何根据联邦审计要求对各种形式的援助进行分类和估价。

Question 273

Question: When an auditor changes from an audit to an agreed-upon procedures engagement for a nonissuer, what should be included in the report? A. Do not mention the original audit engagement, but include an explanatory paragraph about the change requested by management. B. Mention the original audit only if management requests it and it is approved by those charged with governance. C. Avoid mentioning the original audit engagement but may include a reference to procedures performed. D. Reference the original engagement only if the work done to date was insufficient to complete the new engagement.

Answer 273

【C】 从审计业务转为商定程序业务时，报告中不应提及原审计业务，以避免混淆。不过，报告中可以提及已执行的具体程序，这与商定程序报告的背景相关。这种方法可确保所商定程序的清晰度和相关性，而不会引入原始审计中可能引起混淆的历史背景。

Question 274

Which of the following engagements is considered a non-attest engagement? A. Review B. Compilation C. Preparation D. Audit

Answer 274

在会计服务中，区分鉴证（attest）和非鉴证（non-attest）业务是重要的。鉴证业务涉及提供关于财务报表或其他财务信息的正式意见或保证。非鉴证业务则不提供此类保证。 A. 审查（Review）：审查属于鉴证业务，因为虽然审查不提供审计那样的完整保证，但会计师需要发表意见，即在有限保证的框架内确认财务报表没有重大错报的表述。 B. 编制（Compilation）：虽然编制服务涉及到帮助客户准备财务报表，会计师不对财务报表的准确性提供保证，但在美国的会计实践中，编制仍被视为一种鉴证业务。这是因为编制涉及财务报表的形成，尽管没有提供审计或审查那样的保证。 C. 准备（Preparation）：准备服务是一种非鉴证业务。在准备服务中，会计师帮助客户准备财务报表，但不提供任何关于财务报表的保证或意见。这类服务通常不需要会计师报告，且更多地侧重于技术援助。 D. 审计（Audit）：审计是一种鉴证业务，其中会计师提供关于财务报表整体公允表示的正式意见，这是提供最高级别的保证。

Question 275

Considering only the provisions of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, which of the following services may a CPA perform for a commission or contingent fee? A. Preparation of an original income tax return. B. Representation of a nonattest client in an IRS examination. C. Preparation of an amended income tax return to claim a deduction that was inadvertently omitted on an originally filed return. D. Performance of consulting services for an audit client.

Answer 275

选项 B - 代表非鉴证客户参加IRS审核：这是允许收取成果费的情况之一。当会计师代表一名非鉴证客户（即与会计师没有审计或其他鉴证服务关系的客户）在国税局（IRS）的审查中进行代表时，可以收取基于结果的费用。这种情况下，成果费不会影响会计师在其他服务（如审计或审查）中的独立性。 选项B中提到的代表非鉴证客户参加IRS审核的情况，具体指的是会计师代表客户与美国国税局（IRS）进行交流，处理税务审查、查询或争议。这种服务与一般的税务服务有显著不同，主要体现在以下几个方面： 代表非鉴证客户参加IRS审核的例子 税务争议解决： 例如，如果IRS对客户过去提交的税表中的某些项目表示怀疑，要求额外的证明或解释，会计师可能需要代表客户与IRS沟通，提交必要的文件，解释税务处理的合理性。 审核应对： 在IRS进行的随机或针对性审计中，会计师可能需要代表客户出席会议，准备并呈交相关的财务记录，协助客户解释其财务报表和税务申报的各个方面。 减免罚款申请： 如果客户因未能按时提交税务文件或存在误报等问题而面临罚款，会计师可能会介入，帮助客户与IRS沟通，寻求罚款的减免或调整。

Question 276

which of the following situations most likely to impair the auditor's independence? A.A first cousin's loan from a client. B.A spouse's employment with a client. C.A parent's immaterial investment in a client. D.A sibling's loan to a director of a client.

Answer 276

【B】 对于选项B中提到的情况，即审计师的配偶在被审计客户工作，即使配偶的职位与财务报告直接无关，也存在可能影响审计师独立性的问题。根据美国注册会计师协会（AICPA）和其他职业规范，如SEC的规定，审计师的独立性不仅需要在实质上保持，还需要在外界看来保持。以下是几个考虑因素： 外界感知：如果配偶在客户公司任职，即便不直接从事与财务报告相关的工作，外界可能仍然会怀疑审计师的独立性。这是因为配偶的存在可能会影响审计师作出完全中立和客观的判断。 潜在的利益冲突：配偶在被审计客户工作可能意味着家庭收入部分依赖于该公司的经济状况。这种情况下，即使配偶的角色与公司的财务报告没有直接联系，审计师可能面临不愿意发表可能会对客户产生不利影响的审计意见的压力，因为这可能间接影响到家庭的经济利益。 内部信息访问：即使配偶的工作与财务无直接关联，其在公司的位置可能仍然使他们能接触到一些敏感信息或参与到某些决策过程中，这些都可能对审计工作产生间接影响。

Question 277

Each of the following is an ethical principle that should guide the work of auditors in the conduct of audits under government auditing standards, except: A. Materiality. B. Integrity. C. The public interest. D.Proper use of government information.

Answer 277

【A】 关于政府审计标准下，应该指导审计工作的伦理原则，重要性原则虽然是一个关键的审计技术概念，但它不属于伦理原则。伦理原则通常包括诚信、公共利益和正确使用政府信息等，这些原则直接关联到审计师的行为和职业道德。

Question 278

Which of the following individuals would be considered independent and eligible to serve on an issuer's audit committee under the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002? A. The independent auditor engaged to audit the issuer's financial statements. B. The Chief Financial Officer. C. The issuer's investment counselor (compensated by fee, not commission). D. A member of the issuer's Board of Directors.

Answer 278

【D】

Question 279

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board was established by which of the following? A. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. B. The Financial Accounting Standards Board. C. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. D. The International Accounting Standards Board.

Answer 279

[A]

Question 280

題目：An accountant reviewing financial statements has doubts about entity's ability to continue. After reviewing management's plans, doubts are alleviated. What should the accountant do? 選項： A. Modify conclusions in the review report. B. Withdraw from the engagement. C. May include an emphasis-of-matter paragraph. D.Should include a separate section in the review report with the heading "Substantial Doubt About an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern."

Answer 280

alleviated 減輕 【C】 選項 D 誤導地暗示了一個錯誤。它聲稱在有實質懷疑企業能否繼續作為持續經營的情況下，會計師應在審查報告中包含一個標題為“對企業能力繼續作為持續經營的實質懷疑”的獨立部分。 事實上，選項 D 的描述並不正確。根據 Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services（SSARS），如果對企業的持續經營能力存在實質懷疑，並且這些懷疑無法解除，則會計師應該在審查報告中包含一個標題為“對企業能力繼續作為持續經營的實質懷疑”的獨立部分，而不是在懷疑被解除時。

Question 281

Under the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the lead audit or coordinating partner and the reviewing partner must rotate off the audit: A. Each year. B. Every three years. C. Every seven years. D. Every five years.

Answer 281

【D】

Question 282

題目：During financial statement preparation engagement, management doesn't allow no assurance statement on each page. What should the accountant do? 選項： A. Issue an adverse opinion. B. Issue a disclaimer. C. Perform procedures for limited assurance. D. Limit distribution to specific users.

Answer 282

【B】 如果管理层不允许在财务报表的每一页上注明不提供任何保证，会计师就应该出具免责声明，明确表示不提供任何保证。会计师也可以选择执行汇编业务或完全退出业务。

Question 283

When performing an engagement to review a nonissuer's financial statements in accordance with SSARS, an accountant most likely would: A. Obtain an understanding of the entity's internal control. B. Limit the distribution of the accountant's report. C. Ask about actions taken at board of directors' meetings. D. Confirm a sample of significant accounts receivable balances.

Answer 283

【C】 选择 "C "是正确的。审查以询问和分析程序为基础。会计师应询问股东、董事会或其他管理小组授权的行动。 选择 "A "不正确。根据 SSARS，会计师在审阅业务中不需要了解内部控制。审计或审核发行人和非发行人的中期财务报表（当年度财务报表经过审计时）时需要了解内部控制。 选择 "B "不正确。审阅报告的分发不受限制；但是，财务报表的每一页都应标明 "见独立会计师审阅报告"。 选择 "D "不正确。确认是一种审计程序，用于证实陈述的账户余额。复核以询问和分析程序为基础，不包括余额确认。

Question 284

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 seeks to improve investor confidence by providing greater transparency for all of the following issues, except: A. Compliance of senior officers with a code of ethics. B. Adequacy of internal controls. C. Competency of audit committees. D. Means and methods for balancing risk and growth.

Answer 284

选择 "D "是正确的。与风险和增长有关的问题对投资者来说非常重要，一般由企业风险管理概念来解决；然而，《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》不太关注战略运营，而更关注受审计委员会的权限、高级管理人员的道德行为和内部控制的充分性影响的财务报告问题。 选项 "C"、"A "和 "B "都不正确。萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》的重点是审计委员会的能力、财务人员的道德行为和内部控制的充分性所影响的财务报告问题，以此来提高投资者的信心。审计委员会的能力、高级官员遵守道德准则的情况以及内部控制的充分性都是萨班斯-奥克斯利法案所涉及的问题。

Question 285

Which of the following would the auditor most likely select for testing to determine unauthorized expenditures? A. Receiving reports. B. Canceled checks. C. Purchase orders. D. Approved vouchers.

Answer 285

【B】 選擇 B 的原因是，取消的支票（Canceled checks）是一個很好的測試對象，因為通過檢查取消的支票，審計師可以確認支票的發行情況和相應的支付是否合法。在這種情況下，審計師可以通過檢查支票背後的文件，如購買訂單、收貨報告和核准的發票，來確認支票支付的合法性。如果這些文件缺失或不符合要求，那麼支票的發行可能就是未經授權的支出。因此，檢查取消的支票是最直接的方式來識別可能的未經授權支出。