Fetal Growth Disturbances & Prematurity

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What is SGA?

Answer 2

Question 3

Major differences between preterm and SGA babies

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the external features assessed on the clinical assessment of maturity - scoring system (New Ballard score, modified from Dubowitz)?

Answer 4

Question 5

Neurological assessment (relative flexor tone of 4 limbs)

[New Ballard score, modified from Dubowitz]

Answer 5

Don’t use this scoring for neurologically abnormal baby

Question 6

What is Intrauterine Growth Restriction?

Answer 6

SGA is statistical term

Assessment of foetal growth must be based on statistics from that ethnicity

Question 7

Answer 7

Yellow: IUGR (initially normal, but gets worse = look at the course)
Red: SGA (small from the start)

Question 8

What is the consequence of reduce growth support?

Answer 8

Question 9

% reduction in organ weight in SGA baby compared to normal counterparts

Answer 9

Question 10

Pathological factors associated with slow foetal growth

Answer 10

Question 11

What are fetal and placental factors?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are embryopathies?

Answer 12

Question 13

What. areconstitutional and genetic factors causeing slow feotal growth>

Answer 13

Question 14

Idiopathic causes for SGA

Answer 14

Question 15

History, ultrasound, p/e

Answer 15

Answer 16

Question 17

Special problems of SGA babies

Answer 17

Lower reserve

Question 18

Glucose disturbance in SGA babies

Answer 18

Question 19

Hypothermia in SGA babies

Answer 19

Question 20

CBC issue in SGA babies

Answer 20

Question 21

Cardiorespiratory problems in SGA babies

Answer 21

Question 22

What are some primary causes of SGA in babies?

Answer 22

Answer 23

• Hepatosplenomegaly
• Hearing loss
• Intracranial calficiations
• Blueberry muffin baby

Question 24

Management of SGA babies

Answer 24

Question 25

What must be done during resuscitation of SGA baby?

Answer 25

Dextrose gel may be used before mother can breastfeed Search for underlying cause

Question 26

Future growth and development of SGA babies - Catch up growth - Neurodevelopmental sequalae

Answer 26

Question 27

Long-term implications of SGA babies

Answer 27

I.e. blood will be diverted to brain, instead of gut, liver, pancreas = in adulthood, more prone to adult disease due to poorer development of these organs Metabolic syndrome risk is greater

Question 28

Complicatoins of infant of diabetic mother

Answer 28

Question 29

What is preterm, very preterm and extreme prematurity?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is associated with spontaneous premature birth?

Answer 30

Question 31

Foetal and socioeconic factors with spontaneous premature birth

Answer 31

Question 32

Problems related to prematurity

Answer 32

Question 33

What is RDS?

Answer 33

Surfactant is made at around 30-32 weeks Mother with diabetes

Answer 34

Widreslread collapsed membrane in alveoli

Question 35

Factors predisposing to RDS: Sex, C-section, maternal, familial

Answer 35

Question 36

Factors predisposing to RDS

Answer 36

Question 37

What is the usual cord clamping time in labor ward?

Answer 37

~ 1 min, unless there are other causes

Question 38

Factors protecting against RDS

Answer 38

Question 39

Clinical diagnosis of RDS

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Bilateral lung fields are white-out Cannot see cardiac border Air bronchograms (atelectasis) Reduce no. of ribs = lung voluem diminished

Question 41

What is done for prevention of RDS?

Answer 41

Question 42

What are other causes of respiratory distress?

Answer 42

Question 43

Treatment of RDS

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Nasal CPAP or nasal IMV Prevent lung complications, which may persist into later life

Question 45

What are neurological complications in RDS?

Answer 45

Question 46

RF for IVH/PVH

Answer 46

Question 47

missing slide

Question 48

Answer 48

Blood clot inside IVH

Answer 49

Question 50

Management of PVH / IVH

Answer 50

Question 51

Answer 51

Enlarged lateral ventricels

Question 52

What is periventricular leucomalcia?

Answer 52

Question 53

Neuroreduction in

Answer 53

Question 54

Nutritional management in premature infant

Answer 54

Question 55

Enteral feeding

Answer 55

Question 56

What is NEC?

Answer 56

Question 57

RF for NEC

Answer 57

Question 58

# XXX

Answer 58

| DISTENS

Question 59

CLINIACL EFATURES OF NEC

Answer 59

Question 60

Question 61

Prevention of NEC

Answer 61

Breast milk = evidence-based

Question 62

Treatment of NEC

Answer 62

Answer 63

Question 64

Late complications related to prematurity

Answer 64