ffffffff forensic fr though Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is a personality disorder?
A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder involving enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations.
What is psychopathy?
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, boldness, disinhibition, and egotistical traits.
What are the four dimensions of Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist?
- Interpersonal, 2. Affective, 3. Lifestyle, 4. Antisocial.
What is antisocial behaviour, and how does it connect to psychopathy?
Antisocial behaviour refers to actions that harm or lack consideration for others. It’s a core feature of psychopathy, especially under the ‘Antisocial’ dimension.
What is prosocial behaviour, and how does it connect to psychopathy?
Prosocial behaviour includes actions intended to benefit others. Psychopaths typically lack genuine prosocial tendencies due to reduced empathy and emotional connection.
Which areas of the brain are linked with psychopathology?
The amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex are commonly linked to psychopathy, especially in relation to emotion regulation and impulse control.
What is psychosis?
Psychosis is a mental condition where a person loses contact with reality, experiencing delusions or hallucinations.
What are the treatment options for psychopathy, and how effective are they?
Treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy and structured therapeutic communities, though they are often limited in effectiveness due to the manipulative nature of psychopaths.
Why do some psychopaths appear to thrive in workplaces?
Due to traits like superficial charm, fearlessness, and manipulation, some psychopaths may succeed in high-power environments like business or politics.
What are the three main stages of memory?
- Encoding – taking in information
- Storage – retaining information
- Retrieval – recalling information
What is inattentional blindness and its effect?
It’s the failure to notice a fully visible but unexpected object because attention is engaged elsewhere; it can impair eyewitness testimony.
What is weapon focus and its effect?
It’s when a witness focuses on a weapon during a crime, impairing their ability to recall other details like the perpetrator’s face.
What is reconstructive memory and its effect?
Reconstructive memory means memory is influenced by prior knowledge and expectations; it can lead to inaccurate eyewitness reports.
What is memory decay and its effect?
Memory decay is the fading of memories over time; it reduces the accuracy and completeness of eyewitness testimony.
What happened in Loftus and Palmer’s 1974 experiment?
Participants watched videos of car crashes and were asked about the speed using different verbs (e.g., ‘smashed’ vs. ‘hit’), which influenced their speed estimates and memory of events.
What is forensic psychology?
Forensic psychology is the application of psychological principles to legal and criminal justice settings, including assessments, treatment, and expert testimony.
What is a case study, and what is its purpose?
A case study is an in-depth analysis of an individual or group, often used to explore complex psychological issues and generate hypotheses.
How can a case study be applied to short answer questions?
By using specific examples or details from the case to support explanations, evaluate theories, or apply concepts in context.
