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Fiber Optics > Fiber Optics: Exam One, Chapters 1-12 Cards Revised, improved format > Flashcards

Fiber Optics: Exam One, Chapters 1-12 Cards Revised, improved format Flashcards

1
Q

The phenomenon of total internal reflection is caused by?

A

The phenomenon of total internal reflection is caused by confining a material by surrounding it with another material with lower refractive index.

Ch 1

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2
Q

Abraham van Heel, in order to increase the total internal reflection, covered bare fiber with transparent cladding of ___

A

In order to increase the total internal reflection, Abraham van Heel covered bare fiber with transparent cladding of lower refractive index.

Ch 1

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3
Q

The high loss of early optical fiber was mainly due to what?

A

The high loss of early optical fiber was mainly due to impurities.

Ch 1

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4
Q

Robert Maurer, Donald Keck and Peter Schultz of Corning Glass Works, used fused ___ to make the first low loss singlemode optical fiber.

A

Robert Maurer, Donald Keck and Peter Schultz of Corning Glass Works used fused silica to make the first low loss singlemode optical fiber.

Ch 1

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5
Q

Erbium-doped optical fiber can serve as what?

A

Erbium-doped optical fiber can serve as an amplifier.

Ch 1

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6
Q

The main advantages of optical fiber are its ability to do these three things:

A

The main advantages of optical fiber are its ability to do these three things:
transport more information, transport it faster as well as farther. It is also more secure and not subject to EMI (electromagnetic interference).

Ch 2

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7
Q

A fiber optic data link is made up of three elements:

A

A fiber optic data link is made up of three elements:

  1. A light source
  2. The fiber
  3. The light detector

Ch 2

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8
Q

Plastic optical fibers are what two types of index?

A

Plastic optical fibers are both large core step-index and large core graded index fibers.

Ch 2

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9
Q

Optical fiber is comprised of three layers:

A

Optical fiber is comprised of three layers:

  1. Core
  2. Cladding
  3. Buffer coating

Ch 2

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10
Q

What does 62.5 refer to when written 62.5/125?

A

62.5 refers to fiber diameter when written 62.5/125.

Ch 2

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11
Q

In graded-index optical fiber, the index profile approximates a parabola. The benefit of this is what?

A

In graded-index optical fiber, the index profile approximates a parabola. The benefit of this is reduced modal dispersion. (increased bandwidth).

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12
Q

Match the following fibers to the application they are best suited for:
Graded-index multimode-
Step-indexed multimode-
Singlemode-

(a) long distance telecommunications
(b) data communications
(c) efficient source power coupling

A

Match the following fibers to the application they are best suited for:
Graded-index multimode- (b) data communications
Step-indexed multimode- (c) efficient source power coupling
Singlemode- (a) long distance telecommunications

Ch 2

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13
Q

Match the following fibers to the application they are best suited for:
Graded-index multimode-
Step-indexed multimode-
Singlemode-

(a) long distance telecommunications
(b) data communications
(c) efficient source power coupling

A

Match the following fibers to the application they are best suited for:
Graded-index multimode- (b) data communications
Step-indexed multimode- (c) efficient source power coupling
Singlemode- (a) long distance telecommunications

Ch 2

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14
Q

Optical fiber’s bandwidth, or information transmission capacity, is limited by what two factors?

A

Optical fiber’s bandwidth, or information transmission capacity, is limited by modal dispersion and chromatic dispersion.

Ch 2

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15
Q

Three areas in which fiber is used:

A

Three areas in which fiber is used:

  1. telephony
  2. CATV
  3. local area networking

Ch 3

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16
Q

FTTC stands for what?

A

FTTC stands for fiber to the curb.

Ch 3

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17
Q

FTTH stands for what?

A

FTTH stands for fiber to the home.

Ch 3

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18
Q

Fiber was made cost-effective for CATV applications by the development of what?

A

Fiber was made cost-effective for CATV applications by the development of AM analog systems.

Ch 3

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19
Q

Unshielded twisted pair cable was adopted for computer networks for at least three reasons:

A

Unshielded twisted pair cable was adopted for computer networks because it was already used for telephones, cheaper than coax, easier to install than coax.

Ch 3

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20
Q

In replacing Cat e5 link with fiber, most of the additional cost is from what?

A

In replacing Cat e5 link with fiber, most of the additional cost is from the electronics.

Ch 3

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21
Q

In an industrial environment, fiber is most often used to do what?

A

In an industrial environment, fiber is most often used to prevent electromagnetic interference.

Ch 3

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22
Q 
Which of the following are necessary in a centralized fiber optic cabling architecture?
Repeaters or hubs
wall outlets 
telecom closets
NIC cards
A

Repeaters or hubs, wall outlets and NIC cards are necessary in a centralized fiber optic cabling architecture.

Ch 3

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23
Q

Copper networks can be converted to fiber optics easily using what?

A

Copper networks can be converted to fiber optics easily using media converters.

Ch 3

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24
Q

Buffered fiber comes in three styles:

A

Buffered fiber comes in three styles:
loose-tube, tight tube and ribbon.

Ch 4

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25
Q

Loose tube cable is used when?

A

Loose tube cable is used where high pulling strength is required.

Ch 4

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26
Q

A composite cable contains what?

A

A composite cable contains copper conductors and optical fibers.

Ch 4

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27
Q

Match the type of cable with the description in the right column:

zipcord cable  
tightpack cable   
breakout cable   
loose-tube cable    
composite cable   
hybrid cable

(a) contains single and multimode fibers
(b) two fibers, tight-buffered, mostly used for patch cords
(c) contains copper conductors and optical fibers
(d) distribution cables
(e) a small diameter high-fiber count cable
(f) several simplex units cabled together

A

Match the type of cable with the description in the right column:

zipcord cable  (b) two fibers, tight-buffered, mostly used for patch cords
tightpack cable   (d) distribution cables
breakout cable   (f) several simplex units cabled together
loose-tube cable   (e) a small diameter high-fiber count cable
composite cable   (c) contains copper conductors and optical fibers
hybrid cable  (a) contains single and multimode fibers

Ch 4

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28
Q

When pulling fiber, it is best to pull on what part of the cable?

A

When pulling fiber, it is best to pull on the strength member of the cable.

Ch 5

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29
Q

When being pulled into place, the minimum bending radius of an optical fiber cable should be no less than ___ times the cable diameter.

A

When being pulled into place, the minimum bending radius of an optical fiber cable should be no less than 20 times the cable diameter.

Ch 5

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30
Q

Cables that contain both multimode and single mode are called what?

A

Cables that contain both multimode and single mode are called hybrid cables.

Ch 4

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31
Q

No cable should be installed indoors unless it is listed for flame resistance for NEC compliance.

True or False?

A

True.
No cable should be installed indoors unless it is listed for flame resistance for NEC compliance.

Ch 5

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32
Q

All outdoor cable are specifically designed to prevent what?

A

All outdoor cable are specifically designed to prevent moisture damage to the fiber.

Ch 5

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33
Q

The design type of cables with very large fiber counts is usually what?

A

The design type of cables with very large fiber counts is usually ribbon cable.

Ch 4

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34
Q

The advantage of a breakout cable over a distribution cable is what?

A

The advantage of a breakout cable over a distribution cable is the breakout cable can be installed without additional hardware for protection of the terminations.

Ch 4

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35
Q

Two specifications must be considered when specifying optical cable. They are:

A

Two specifications must be considered when specifying optical cable. They are installation specifications and environmental specifications.

Ch 5

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36
Q

A nonconductive optical fiber for use in an air-handling plenum would be labeled with which four letters?

A

A nonconductive optical fiber for use in an air-handling plenum would be labeled OFNP.

Ch 5

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37
Q 
Match the following:
Minimum recommended installation bend radius- 
Minimum long-term bend radius- 
Plenum rated- 
"Self supported" cable- 
Armored cable- 
"Filled and blocked" cable-

(a) resistance to water
(b) OFCP
(c) rodent resistance
(d) no less than 20 times the diameter of the cable
(e) cable designed for long-term use loads
(f) no less than 10 times the diameter of the cable

A

Minimum recommended installation bend radius- (d) no less than 20 times the diameter of the cable
Minimum long-term bend radius- (f) no less than 10 times the diameter of the cable
Plenum rated- (b) OFCP
“Self supported” cable- (e) cable designed for long-term use loads
Armored cable- (c) rodent resistance
“Filled and blocked” cable- (a) resistance to water

Ch 5

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38
Q

Three ways to “future-proof” an installation:

A

Three ways to “future-proof” an installation:

  1. Include spare fibers in cables.
  2. Include singlemode fibers in multimode cables.
  3. Specify dual wavelength multimode fibers.

Ch 5

39
Q

Not exceeding the maximum tensile load that can be applied to a cable while pulling is important to prevent what?

A

Not exceeding the maximum tensile load that can be applied to a cable while pulling is important to prevent causing fiber breakage or increased attenuation.

Ch 5

40
Q

The temperature ranges of the cable are determined by the materials of what?

A

The temperature ranges of the cable are determined by the materials of the entire cable.

Ch 5

41
Q

The minimum long-term bend radius of installed fiber optic cable is usually specified as no less than what?

A

The minimum long-term bend radius of installed fiber optic cable is usually specified as no less than 10 times the cable diameter.

Ch 5

42
Q

For flamabilty, cables being installed indoors must comply with what?

A

For flamabilty, cables being installed indoors must comply with NEC770.

Ch 5

43
Q

For aerial cable, the most important parameter to specify is what?

A

For aerial cable, the most important parameter to specify is long term load.

Ch 5

44
Q

In riser applications, which distance is related to the maximum use load?

A

In riser applications, the vertical rise distance is related to the maximum use load.

Ch 5

45
Q

Black polyethylene is used on outdoor cables for what?

A

Black polyethylene is used on outdoor cables for UV resistance.

Ch 5

46
Q

All outdoor and underwater cables must be ___ to prevent water damage.

A

All outdoor and underwater cables must be both filled and blocked to prevent water damage.

Ch 5

47
Q

Fiber optic joints should have ___ loss and ___ mechanical strength.

A

Fiber optic joints should have low loss and high mechanical strength.

Ch 6

48
Q

Cleave and crimp connectors do not need to be polished.

True or False?

A

True.
Cleave and crimp connectors do not need to be polished.

Ch 6

49
Q

Match the termination method with its most common use:
mechanical splicing-
fusion splicing-
connector-

(a) nonpermanent connections
(b) permanent singlemode connection
(c) restoration or multimode joints

A

Match the termination method with its most common use:
mechanical splicing- (c) restoration or multimode joints
fusion splicing- (b) permanent singlemode connection
connector- (a) nonpermanent connections

Ch 6

50
Q

The first version of TIA/EIA 568 standard for premises cabling called for the use of an SC connector.
True or False?

A

True.
The first version of TIA/EIA 568 standard for premises cabling called for the use of an SC connector.

Ch 6

51
Q

What connector style is now specified in the latest TIA 568 standard (568B.3)?

A

Any connector with a FOCIS document is now specified in the latest TIA 568 standard (568B.3)

Ch 6.

52
Q

Most singlemode field terminations are made how?

A

Most singlemode field terminations are made by fusion splicing a factory-made pigtail onto the cable.

Ch 6

53
Q

APC connectors have ferrules polished at an 8 degree angle to reduce what?

A

APC connectors have ferrules polished at an 8 degree angle to reduce back reflection.

Ch 6

54
Q

With “Hot Melt” connectors, the oven is used to do what?

A

With “Hot Melt” connectors, the oven is used to melt the adhesive to allow fiber insertion.

Ch 6

55
Q

Before the installation of connectors onto a loose tube or ribbon fiber optical cable, you may have to install something to protect the fibers during the termination process and while mounted in patch panels afterwards. What might need to be installed?

A

Before the installation of connectors onto a loose tube or ribbon fiber optical cable, a breakout kit may have to be installed to protect the fibers during the termination process and while mounted in patch panels afterwards.

Ch 6

56
Q

Connectors are temporary, higher loss and used for connecting to transmission equipment.
Splices are permanent, lower loss and used for mating long lengths of cable.
True or False?

A

True.
Connectors are temporary, higher loss and used for connecting to transmission equipment.
Splices are permanent, lower loss and used for mating long lengths of cable.

Ch 6

57
Q

A centralized management point for network configuration is provided by what?

A

Main cross-connect provides a centralized management point for network configuration.

Ch 7

58
Q

The transition from the backbone to the horizontal cable plant is made where?

A

Telecom closet makes the transition from the backbone to the horizontal cable plant.

Ch 7

59
Q

The main purpose of hardware is what?

A

The main purpose of hardware is to protect and maintain fiber optic cable.

Ch 7

60
Q

Describe the ideal duct structure.

A

The ideal duct structure is straight and allows for drainage.

Ch 7

61
Q

The industry standard that guides premises fiber optic and copper cabling installation is what?

A

The industry standard that guides premises fiber optic and copper cabling installation is TIA/EIA-568.

Ch 7

62
Q

The standard for pathways and spaces is what?

A

The standard for pathways and spaces is TIA/EIA-569.

Ch 7

63
Q

For what reason would innerduct be used indoors as well as outdoors?

A

Innerduct would be used indoors as well as outdoors to identify cables as fiber optics, protect the fiber and speed installation.

Ch 7

64
Q

Outside plant hardware used for fiber has primarily been adapted from what designs?

A

Outside plant hardware used for fiber has primarily been adapted from copper wiring designs.

Ch 7

65
Q

The best place to get fiber optic installation business is where?

A

The best place to get fiber optic installation business is from existing customers.

Ch 8

66
Q

When first starting out in fiber optics, if needed,rather than purchase one, it is best to rent a one of these.

A

When first starting out in fiber optics, if needed, it is best to rent an OTDR rather than purchase one.

Ch 8

67
Q

The purpose of a ___ is to get the highest possible price for a project.

A

The purpose of a bid is to get the highest possible price for a project.

Ch 8

68
Q

The purpose of an ___ is to know the lowest price to complete a project and not lose money.

A

The purpose of an estimate is to know the lowest price to complete a project and not lose money.

Ch 8

69
Q

Installed fiber must be documented, tested, terminated correctly.
True or False?

A

True.
Installed fiber must be documented, tested, terminated correctly.

Ch 8

70
Q

What is the first thing needed to start evaluating fiber optic vendors, products and pricing?

A

A specification summary sheet for each component is the first thing needed to start evaluating fiber optic vendors, products and pricing.

Ch 9

71
Q

What is the most important thing to determine when talking to a representative of a fiber optic manufacturer?

A

The most important thing to determine when talking to a representative of a fiber optic manufacturer is if the person is knowledgeable about the products and applications such as yours.

Ch 9

72
Q

Ceramic ferrule connectors have about the same performance regardless of cost, so you should buy for price and delivery.
True or False?

A

True.
Ceramic ferrule connectors have about the same performance regardless of cost, so you should buy for price and delivery.

Ch 9

73
Q

High-performance connectors are more difficult to install.

True or False?

A

True.
High-performance connectors are more difficult to install.

Ch 9

74
Q

Connectors that are easy to install are more expensive to buy but may not be more expensive when labor is included in the cost.
True or False?

A

True.
Connectors that are easy to install are more expensive to buy but may not be more expensive when labor is included in the cost.

Ch 9

75
Q

The most important safety concern specific to fiber optics is what?

A

The most important safety concern specific to fiber optics is shards of bare fibers getting stuck in skin or eyes.

Ch 11

76
Q

Whenever working with fiber, you should follow safety precautions. What are some of the precautions?

A

Whenever working with fiber, you should wear safety glasses at all times, clear the work area of food and beverages and dispose of fiber scraps in a sealed container.

Ch 11

77
Q

You should never look directly at the end of a fiber without checking for optical power with a power meter because some fiber optic networks have high enough power to cause eye damage.
True or False?

A

True.
You should never look directly at the end of a fiber without checking for optical power with a power meter because some fiber optic networks have high enough power to cause eye damage.

Ch 11

78
Q

Fusion splicers should not be used where?

A

Fusion splicers should not be used in spaces that may contain flammable gasses.

Ch 11

79
Q

Fiber scraps from termination or splicing are dangerous for many reasons. What are a few?

A

Fiber scraps from termination or splicing are dangerous because they are very sharp and can penetrate your skin easily, they are very difficult to remove and harmful to your eyes and they are hard to see and often break when you try to remove them.

Ch 11

80
Q

For safety, all fiber optic work areas must have what?

A

For safety, all fiber optic work areas must have sufficient work space.

Ch 11

81
Q

Double-stick tape can be used for what?

A

Double-stick tape can be used for collecting and disposing of bare fiber ends.

Ch 11

82
Q

Optical loss is what?

A

Optical loss is a reduction of light power.

Ch 6

83
Q 
BLUE
ORANGE 
GREEN
BROWN
SLATE
-----
WHITE
RED
BLACK
-----
YELLOW
VIOLET
-----
ROSE
AQUA

These colors are used for casing. Each case holds 12 fibers that are numbered based on this scale.

A 
blue 
orange
green
brown
slate
white 
red
black
yellow
violet
rose
aqua

These colors are used for casing. Each case holds 12 fibers that are numbered based on this scale.

84
Q

What is plenum rated cable designed for?

A

Plenum rated cable is designed for use in a plenum. For example, ductwork. Also non-toxic when burned.

85
Q

What causes modal dispersion?

A

In step index MM fiber, multiple rays of light arrive at different times, causing distortion known as modal dispersion.

86
Q

What does CATV stand for?

A

CATV stands for Community Antenae Television

87
Q

List tools and supplies required for preparation of the ends of loose buffer cables.

A

Tools and supplies required for preparation of the ends of loose buffer cables:

wire strippers, wire cutters, tape or something to catch fibers, cleaning wipes, fusion splicer, fiber cutter, scissors, container to dispose of shards, work station/mat

88
Q

What are the wavelengths for multimode fiber?

A

The wavelengths for multimode fiber are 850 nm-1300nm

89
Q

What are the wavelengths for singlemode fiber?

A

The wavelengths for singlemode fiber are 1301nm-1550nm.

90
Q

What is dBm and what does it represent?

A

dBm is decibal milliwatts and is the measure of optical power.

91
Q

A yellow patch cord would be what type of fiber?

A

A yellow patch cord would be singlemode fiber.

92
Q

What is the index of refraction?

A

The index of refraction is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum vs. the speed of light in fiber.

93
Q

What is an OTDR and what is it used for?

A

An OTDR is an Optical Time Domain Refractometer. An OTDR is used to test fiber for splices and termination.

Fiber Optics (2 decks)

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