Fieldwork

Question 1

What is the aim of our physical fieldwork - Scheveningen

Answer 1

How do coastal processes along Scheveningen Strand influence sand dune height and vegetation cover?
How successful is the management?

Question 2

What is a hypothesis

Answer 2

A clear, directional and measurable statement that can be tested

Question 3

3 Hypothesis for physical fieldwork

Answer 3

Longshore drift will occur in a North-Easterly direction
The percentage of vegetation cover will increase with distance from the shoreline
Scheveningen Strand is protected by a range of coastal management strategies

Question 4

What is primary data collection

Answer 4

Data collected firsthand by the researcher for a specific purpose or study

Question 5

What is secondary data collection

Answer 5

Data that has already been collected by someone else for a different purpose, but is reused for new analysis

Question 6

Method examples for primary data collection

Answer 6

Experiments
Surveys
Observations

Question 7

Advantages of primary data collection

Answer 7

More control over data quality
Up-to-date and relevant

Question 8

Disadvantages of primary data collection

Answer 8

Time-consuming
Requires more effort and planning

Question 9

Sources for secondary data collection examples

Answer 9

Government reports
Academic journals
Online databases

Question 10

Advantages of secondary data collection

Answer 10

Quicker to access
Often includes large datasets

Question 11

Disadvantages of secondary data collection

Answer 11

Potentially outdated
Data accuracy and quality may be unknown

Question 12

What is qualitative data

Answer 12

Non-numerical information that captures qualities, experiences or opinions

Question 13

What is quantitative data

Answer 13

Numerical information that can be measured, counted or expressed in numbers

Question 14

Advantages of qualitative data

Answer 14

Flexible and open-ended
Provides detailed understanding

Question 15

Examples of qualitative data collection

Answer 15

Interviews
Observations
Open-ended surveys

Question 16

Disadvantages of qualitative data

Answer 16

Subjective
Difficult to analyse
Hard to generalise

Question 17

Advantages of quantitative data

Answer 17

Objective and reliable
Easier to analyse
Generalisable

Question 18

Disadvantage of quantitative data

Answer 18

Context ignored
Limited depth - doesn’t show underlying reasons

Question 19

Examples of quantitative data

Answer 19

Survey ratings
Bar graphs - represents quantitative
Line graphs - represents qualitative

Question 20

How did we measure wave frequency at Scheveningen - beach processes

Answer 20

One person counts the number of waves arranging per minute, waits for one minute then does it again. Repeat this 5 times.

Question 21

How was Scheveningen suitable to the hypothesis that longshore drift will occur in the north-easterly direction

Answer 21

It has a beach and shore - and the prevailing winds along the Dutch North Sea often drive sediment in the north-easterly direction

Question 22

How was Scheveningen suitable for the hypothesis that the percentage cover will increase when moving away from the shoreline

Answer 22

It has a natural dune system and zoned vegetation
It has vegetation such as marram further inland.

Question 23

How was Scheveningen suitable for the hypothesis that the beach is protected by a range of coastal management strategies

Answer 23

It had examples of soft and hard engineering including rised steps on stairs and sand nourishment.

Question 24

1st hazard risk and strategy to minimise for Scheveningen

Answer 24

Weather conditions (sunny day)
Sunburn or cold
Wearing sunscreen and appropriate clothing

Question 25

2nd hazard risk and strategy to minimise

Answer 25

Private property Trespassing and you can get in trouble for it Know the area well, look where you are walking as well.

Question 26

3rd hazard risk and strategy to minus use it in Scheveningen

Answer 26

Proximity to cliff face You can fall Be careful where you are walking

Question 27

How did we measure wind speed in Scheveningen - beach processes

Answer 27

Stand in a clear open space, away from buildings trees or large obstacles Hold the anemometer at arms length and above head height for most accurate reading Make sure it is facing the wind Record the results and do this five times - one result every 2 minutes

Question 28

How did we measure longshore drift in Scheveningen

Answer 28

Record the starting points and continuation with a measuring tape. Throw satsuma in water at starting point and record how far it goes after 5 minutes. Repeat 3 times.

Question 29

Limitations of data collection methods for beach processes

Answer 29

Tidal and wind conditions affected longshore drift Weather and sea conditions affected results Measuring should be undertaken where there are no swimmers or paddlers for safety and reliability of results Tangerine is heavy

Question 30

Main hypothesis of coastal processes data collection

Answer 30

The beach profile at Scheveningen will reflect the coastal processes

Question 31

Successes of coastal processes data collection methods

Answer 31

Tangerine is biodegradable It is bright and big to see 5 times gets an average

Question 32

Qualitative data we have used

Answer 32

Primary - field sketches Secondary - online photographs

Question 33

Quantitative date methods we have used

Answer 33

Primary - using quadrants to measure vegetation percentage Secondary - surveys including scales taken from online

Question 34

All three types of sampling

Answer 34

Random Systematic Stratified

Question 35

What is random sampling

Answer 35

Where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 36

Advantages of random sampling

Answer 36

Reduces bias Simple to understand and apply

Question 37

Disadvantages of random sampling

Answer 37

Could miss important patters if the sample ends up clustered in one area May not be truly representative of the whole area unless a large sample is taken

Question 38

What is systematic sampling

Answer 38

Sample are selected using a regular interval

Question 39

Advantages of systematic sampling

Answer 39

Ensures even coverage across an area, reducing the risk of clustering. Good for identifying patterns. Easy to carry ohr

Question 40

Disadvantages of systematic sampling

Answer 40

It is less random as not all areas have an equal chance of selection May introduce bias if there’s a hidden pattern in the environment that aligns with the sampling interval.

Question 41

What is stratified sampling

Answer 41

The population is divided into sub-groups based on characteristic and samples are taken proportionally from each group

Question 42

Advantages of stratified sampling

Answer 42

Ensures all key groups or areas are represented. Allows comparisons between sub-groups

Question 43

Data presentation used for quantitative data in Scheveningen

Answer 43

Bar graph - wave count Beach profile - line graph Radial graph - wind direction

Question 44

Disadvantages of stratified sampling

Answer 44

Risk of bias if there’s stratification is done incorrectly More time consuming than the other sampling strategies

Question 45

Date presentation used for qualitative data in Scheveningen

Answer 45

Maps Photographs Field sketches

Question 46

What equipment was used for

Answer 46

Gun clinometer - takes a bearing of slope of the coast Tape measure Rule Ranging piles

Question 47

Limitations when measuring a beach profile

Answer 47

Low tide is the best time to measure it but places a time constraint on it. It’s important that the ranging poles are held straight and prevented from sinking into sand, both of which may affect angle readings. There may be human errors when taking readings with gun clinometer

Question 48

Hard engineering in Scheveningen

Answer 48

Recurved Sea wall Regraded cliff