File 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phonology (108)
The study of how sounds are organized within language and how they interact with each other.
Sound Substitution (113)
Speakers use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language.
Phoneme (117)
A set of speech sounds that are perceived to be variants of the same sound.
Allophone (117)
Each member of a particular phoneme set.
Constrastive Distribution (118)
Two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment.
Overlapping Distribution (121)
Sounds that are in constrastive distribution and sounds that are in free variation.
Maximally Distinct (133)
Consonants have very few qualities in common with the vowels, and the vowels are likewise very different from the consonants.
Obligatory English (129)
Include aspiration, vowel nasalization, vowel lengthening, and liquid and glide devoicing.
Flapping (128)
An alveolar stop is realized as when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.
Weakening (128)
Rules: cause sounds to become weaker
Palatalization (126)
A special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal.
Natural Class (124)
A group of sounds to be a natural class, must include all sounds that share a particular property or set of properties, and not include any sounds that don’t.
Dissimilation
Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature.
Basic Allophone
The allophone of phoneme that is used when none of the change inducing conditions are fulfilled.
Assimilation
A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features.
Complementary Distribution
The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment.
Conditioning Environment
Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change.
Constrastive
A term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language.
Distribution
The set of phonetic environments in which a sound occurs.
Free Variation
Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words.
Implicational Law
Observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication.
Insertion
Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic form is added in the phonetic form.
Minimal Pair
Two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position and that have different meanings.
Nonconstrastive
A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language.
