File 3.4 & 3.5

Question 1

implicational law

Answer 1

the presence of the less common sound implies that the more common sound will also be used in the language

Question 2

four observations of more/less common sounds

Answer 2

sound inventories
frequency and distribution
acquisition of sounds
sound change

Question 3

acquisition of sounds

Answer 3

children learning a language acquire the use of more common sounds before they acquire the use of less common ones

Question 4

sound change

Answer 4

less common sounds tend to be less stable than more common ones

if any sound is going to be lost, it is more likely to be a less common one rather than its more common counterpart

Question 5

sound inventories

Answer 5

if a language uses a less common sound, it is generally the case that one of its more common counterparts will also be used

Question 6

frequency and distribution

Answer 6

The second observation concerning more common and less common sounds is related to the degree to which sounds will be used in a particular language and to the range of distribution of the sounds in the words of the language

Question 7

the kind of syllable that is most useful in transmitting messages in language is composed of…

Answer 7

maximally distinct vowels and consonants (v and c’s are not alike in sound

Question 8

basic allophone

Answer 8

The allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change-inducing conditions are fulfilled. Of a set of allophones, it is generally least limited in where it can occur; also termed the elsewhere allophone

Question 9

restricted allophone