Filipino Flashcards
(26 cards)
HOMOGENOUS NA WIKA
The same language is used within the same area or even the country, spoken by most people, and continues to be the medium and to be developed.
However, some words spell the same but due to intonation differences, words have new meanings.
HALIMBAWA
gamot – root (Cebuano)
gamot – medicine (Filipino)
gamot – flow (water) (Ilocos)
HETEROGENEOUS NA WIKA
Language from different places, groups, and needs of use. Meaning is different, as well as pronunciation.
HALIMBAWA
werpa- pawer ermat-mother erpat-father
May masistemang balangkas ang wika (PONOLOHIYA) (Systematic structure)
All words came from letters assigned with PONEMA, or its meaningful sounds. If you join these letters or ponemas, it becomes MORPEMA; if you join the morpemas, it becomes sentences. And study of sentences is called syntax.
Ang wika ay sinasalitang TUNOG
Not all sounds are meaningful language. But there are specific sounds with a deep meaning. These are created using your mouth, throat, tongue etc.
Ang wika ay ARBITRARYO
Language reflects the identity of a person. It has variations in tone, pronunciation, intonation, and spelling.
PINIPILI AT ISINASAAYOS
Language requires word choice. It has rules in spelling, grammar, rhetoric, and pronunciation. You cannot make up random words for the sake of making a mere sentence.
Nakabatay sa KULTURA
Language and culture are intertwined and inseparable. Many non-translatable words exist due to a lack of equivalents in other languages-dialects. Hence, these languages have to borrow words from another language if they incorporate it in their dialogue.
EXAMPLE
● MALONG – no equivalent in Tagalog because
this is not the culture of the Tagalogs.
● LAMAW – this word from Cebuanohas no because its preparation is different in other places
Ang wika ay GINAGAMIT
Language is used by every individual to prevent its extinction.
Ex. for words misused throughout history but still widely accepted: Sari-sari, subukan
Ang wika ay MALIKHAIN
Language is used for creative purposes expanding imagination. We compose poems, stories, songs, essays, and other literary works with it.
Ang wika ay DINAMIKO
Language is alive and constantly changing with new words and meanings.
Ang wika ay NATATANGI
Every language is different from other languages due to differences in human race, with each having its own set of sounds, vocabulary, and grammar rules.
Ang wika ay MAKAPANGYARIHAN
Language is evocative and compelling. The person using the language has the opportunity to associate with their feelings. With just one word you can change the will.
Pambansa/Lingua Franca - PORMAL
It is the national language, the general language used in books, literature, and public information throughout the entire nation, especially in schools and institutions.
e.g. maganda, maaga, aklat
Pampanitikan - PORMAL
It is literary language, it involves the use of high, deep, and colorful words, used by writers and linguists to express creative thought in literary works.
HALIMBAWA
Kapatid – kapusod/karugtong ng bituka
Katulong – katuwang
Langit – matinding kaligayahan
Lalawiganin - DI-PORMAL
These are words known and covered only in a specific area/province where it’s used based on distinct dialects. These differences have unique pronunciation and tone.
e.g. (pormal) INA
(di-pormal) mamay (Bikol) nana/nanay/mamang (Mindanao/Bisaya/Ilonggo)
Kolokyal - DI-PORMAL
Informal language derived from formal words, it involves shortcuts of formal words, and they can represent some sort of roughness or vulgarity.
e.g. (pormal) NASAAN – nasan; EYWAN – ewan; NASAAN BA? - san ba?
Balbal - DI-PORMAL
It is also considered “slang” or “street language,” the lowest level of language. Formed by specific groups such as street kids or gays. Sometimes, it is not appropriate for some context such as talking to dignified adults.
HALIMBAWA
(pormal) AMA – erpat; SECURITY GUARD – sikyo; LALAKI – ekals
BASIC INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS (BICS)
-> linguistic skills needed in everyday, social face-to-face interactions
- Pang-instrumental
- Regulatory
- Pang-interaksyonal
- Pampersonal
Pang-instrumental
The speaker uses language to express a want, need, or request.
e.g. labeling/naming, suggesting,
begging, commanding, forcing, giving instructions
Regulatory
The speaker uses language to support the events taking place, and gives people to control events and and support agreement and disagreements.
e.g. agreeing or disagreeing, objecting, offering the act/deed
setting the rules of the game
issuing policy, granting permission or prohibition
Pang-interaksyonal
Language is used to build relationships and maintain social relations. Successful interaction requires good manners and correct enunciation.
e.g. Greeting, letting go, joking, inviting
Teasing, inviting, welcoming, thanking
Pampersonal
Language is used to express feelings, opinions, and identity. It concerns with the freedom to open mouth or not.
e.g. shouting, cursing, recommending,
expressing anger, apologizing
COGNITIVE/ACADEMIC LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY (CALP)
the term used to discuss the formal language used in academia, which is often decontextualized
- Pangheuristiko
- Pang-imahinasyon
- Pangrerepresentasyonal
Pangheuristiko
Use of language as a tool for discovery, learning knowledge, and inquiring information. It is the basis of knowledge and is used in educational and research circumstances.
- asking, answering, reasoning,
drawing conclusions, making hypotheses,
making sense, explaining,
giving feedback
