Filipino Culture, Values, and Practices in relation to Health Care of Individual and Family

Question 1

refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. (Timonen, n.d)

Answer 1

Intergenerational solidarity

Question 2

Dimensions of Solidarity in Intergenerational Family Relations

Answer 2

structural
associational
affectual
consensual
functional
normative

Question 3

• This means how factors like geographical distance can constrain or enhance interaction between family members.

Answer 3

Structural Solidarity

Question 4

• This dimension refers to the frequency of social contact and shared activities between family members.

Answer 4

Associational Solidarity

Question 5

• Solidarity can manifest itself in feelings of emotional closeness, affirmation and intimacy between family members.

Answer 5

Affectual Solidarity

Question 6

• Family members have different levels of actual or perceived agreement in opinions, values and lifestyle.

Answer 6

Consensual Solidarity

Question 7

• Exchanges of practical and financial assistance and support between family
  members are examples of _ solidarity.

Answer 7

Functional Solidarity

Question 8

• It refers to the strength of obligation felt towards other family members.

Answer 8

Normative Solidarity

Question 9

Filipino Family Values

Answer 9

Communication
Helping Others and Gratitude
Respect
Independence
Service
Trust

Question 10

Use of therapeutic communication techniques, identifying verbal and non-verbal cues, responding to clients needs while using formal and informal channels of communication and appropriate information technology.

Answer 10

Communication

Question 11

Communication Style:

Answer 11

Filipinos will try to express their opinions and ideas diplomatically and with humility to avoid appearing arrogant. The tone of voice varies widely by language, dialect and region

Question 12

Pace of Conversation:

Answer 12

Filipinos often communicate indirectly in order to prevent a loss of face and evoking hiya on either side of an exchange. They tend to avoid interrupting others and are more attentive to posture, expression and tone of voice to draw meaning. Allow brief periods of silence or pauses in the conversation to enable the patient to process information.

Question 13

Physical Distance:

Answer 13

When interacting with people they are familiar with, Filipinos tend to prefer standing at an arm’s length from one another. Around strangers this distance is farther. Maintain a reasonable personal space of 1 to 2 feet. Take height into consideration. A seated position for interaction is highly recommended.

Question 14

has connotation of getting along with people in general.

Answer 14

Pakikisama

Question 15

There is general yearning to be accepted and well-liked among Filipinos. This applies to one and his or her friends., colleagues, boss and even relatives. This desire is what steers one to perform _.

Answer 15

pakikisama

Question 16

means to pay your debt with gratitude.

Answer 16

Utang na loob

Question 17

With _, there is usually a system of obligation. When this value is applied, it imparts a sense of duty and responsibility on the younger siblings to serve and repay the favors done to them by their elders.

Answer 17

utang na loob

Question 18

The ability of a person to make theor own choices and carry out daily tasks and it is also important for healthy development.

Answer 18

Independence

This begins at birth and continues through the person’s lifespan.

Question 19

Development of Independence through the life stages.

_ are dependent on their caregivers for all types of care but as they start to prepare for early childhood, they have developed skills and abilities that they feel confident such as feeding or saying “No” when they want to do something on their own.

Answer 19

infants

Question 20

-in this stage, a child develop skills to become more independent like going to the toilet independently. Additionally, through studying and engaging in new activities, they learn to rely less on their parents and make decisions based on their likes and dislikes.

Answer 20

Early childhood

Question 21

• during this stage, young people are developing a sense of self and their identity (having more control of themselves and making decisions about aspects like education, social life and career pathways).

Answer 21

Adolescence

Question 22

• independence on this stage relies on a person’s decision making and is responsible for it (moving out of their family’s home and finding a job to pay for their accommodation or maybe start a family and be responsible for their child).

Answer 22

Early adulthood

Question 23

• adults in this stage usually have more time to enjoy and live their interests or career. However, for some, this stage is where they work longer as they are now the main provider or career for their elderly parents or family.

Answer 23

Middle adulthood

Question 24

• in this stage, changes in physical and mental health can influence and reduce independence, these include the state of the individual’s health, culture and stage of emotional or social development.

Answer 24

Later adulthood

Question 25

Importance of independence

Answer 25

It boosts self-confidence and self-esteem.
It decreases the burn place on family, friends and society.
It turns you into an asset to help other people.
It leads to financial freedom as you are skilled and capable.
It makes you physically capable of caring for yourself and others.
It fills you with a sense of joy and happiness that can come from no other source.
It sets you up for further progress and self-sufficiency.

Question 26

This is an act of helping or doing work for someone (assistance).

Answer 26

Service

Question 27

Importance of good quality service in healthcare

Answer 27

i. Patients will be more happy and satisfied as they’ve received exceptional care and are more likely to come back for check-ups and even refer your facility to other people.
ii. Healthcare professionals develop lasting relationships with patients rather than approaching visits as a transaction.
iii. The healthcare industry depends heavily on accurate patient data to make diagnostic and treatment recommendations. Errors, incomplete records and staff’s inability to access needed data can severely impact the quality of care given to the patient that can result in threatening mistakes and malpractice.

Question 28

This is a firm belief in the reliability, truth or ability of someone or something.

Answer 28

Trust

Question 29

Importance of trust in healthcare

Answer 29

1. Healthcare involves an element of uncertainty and risk for the vulnerable patient who is reliant on the competence and intentions of the healthcare professional.
2. Patients who trust their health professionals are more likely to follow treatment protocols and are more likely to succeed in their efforts to change behaviors.
3. It also lowers the anxiety of the patients in relation to any treatments taken. Patients are more likely to open-up and disclose information if they trust their healthcare professionals, and the quality of interaction may improve, resulting in greater patient autonomy and shared decision making.

Question 30

Factors that influence trust in healthcare

Answer 30

1. Competence in knowledge
2. Competence in social or communication skills
3. Honesty
4. Confidentiality
5. Showing respect and caring

Question 31

The Philippines is more commonly referred to as the _. Its culture and tradition is heavily influenced by the traditions of the indigenous Austronesian people. In addition,, the cultural landscape shows the influence of the people of Spanish, American, Japanese, Arabic and Indonesian origin. The major religions of the country being Christianity and Islam played a significant role in shaping the culture of the Philippines.

Answer 31

melting pot of western and eastern cultures

Question 32

Social Belief and Customs

Answer 32

1. Usog
2. Hitting the sack right after a shower is believed to caused blindness and insanity
3. Washing sweaty hands can lead to spasmodic hands or pasma
4. Not patting your sweat dry with a towel can cause you to get pneumonia

Question 33

by showing fondness or affection when meetin a baby for the first time, you may cause the baby to feel uneasy or make baby cry non-stop which is commonly referred to as _.

Answer 33

“na-usog”

To avoid passing the negative energy and cure the infant of usog, superstition practice says you must dab your saliva on the baby’s forehead or abdomen. Often, most people would also greet the child by saying “pwera usog” meaning for protection from the hex. Some even make it a point to buy their child a bracelet made from black and red or coral beads to fight usog.

Question 34

While Filipinos believe inusog,the most logical explanation for babies feeling unwell after meeting strangers is that _

Answer 34

the infant reacts to a stress trigger of seeing unfamiliar faces or people—resulting in anxiety to the baby.

Question 35

Rubbing wet hair against your pillow can cause _. The friction will also lead to you having to deal with a bad hair day the next morning.

Answer 35

hair damage or breakage

Question 36

It’s a common Filipino advice not to wash your hands right after finishing labor-intensive chores to avoid_—the reason for shaky hands, sweaty palms, and numbness or pain in the hands. Often, right after ironing a handful of your clothes, you’ll be discouraged by your mom or grandmother to wet your hands. Similarly, it is believed thattaking a bath after a workoutcan lead to illnesses.

Answer 36

pasma

Question 37

The truth is, hand tremors, sweaty hands, numbness, and pain in the hands are symptoms that are often related to_. If you regularly experience such symptoms, rule out any underlying conditions by paying a quick visit to a trusted health professional.

Answer 37

diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, and nervous system dysfunction

Question 38

Many Filipinos believe this superstition in fear of suffering from this serious lung disease. Although, like mostpamahiins,there is no scientific basis for this particular belief.

Answer 38

Not patting your sweat dry with a towel can cause you to get pneumonia.

Question 39

According toMedicineNet, the inflammation of the airspaces in the lungs is often caused by _—not sweat left to dry.

Answer 39

fungi, viruses, and bacteria

Question 40

Approximately, 90.07% of Filipino residents are identified as _with 80.58% of them being Roman Catholic and about 11% being other Christian denominations Islam is the second largest religion in the country with about 5.6% of the citizen. Majority of these Muslim Filipinos are Sunni Muslims and a small number of Ahmadiyya Muslims.

Answer 40

Christians

Question 41

Patron saints for healing:

Answer 41

St. Dympha
St. Peregrine
St. Maximillian Kolbe
St. Lidwina
St. Jude

Question 42

St. Dympha

Answer 42

Patron Saint of Depression and Mental Illness

Question 43

St. Peregrine

Answer 43

Patron Saint of Cancer Healing)

Question 44

St. Maximillian Kolbe

Answer 44

Patron saint for Addictions

Question 45

St. Lidwina

Answer 45

Patron saint for those Suffering from Chronic pain

Question 46

St. Jude

Answer 46

Patron saint of Hopeless Causes

Question 47

Through numerous festivals, Filipinos are able to showcase cultural diversity. These festivals are locally known as “_”.

Answer 47

Fiesta

All of the fiesta are of religious and cultural significance. Due to the predominance of the Roman Catholic faith most cities and towns in the country have patron saints who are honored through festivals. To appease the gods- this was a key factor in ancient pagan worship in the Philippines. Mystical religious beliefs before the Spaniards came centered on worshipping gods believed to control certain aspects of life— livelihood, family, health, wealth and others.

Question 48

One such example is the feast of the Black Nazarene. It is traditionally celebrated with a grand procession called _, where millions of devotees would jostle their way to touch the carriage carrying the venerated statue as they believe doing so could bring healing, answer prayers or lead to miracles.

Answer 48

Traslacion

Question 49

The _ is a festival where couples who hope to be blessed by children perform street dances in a long procession.

Answer 49

Obando Fertility Dance

The Fertility Dance of Obando is both a festival and a prayerful appeal for devotees. The month of May has always been the season for the Fertility Dance. Initially, the native childless couples dance in front of idols to request that they would soon have children. When the Spanish took over, they convinced the natives that they can keep the Fertility Dance but would instead dance in front of images of saints instead of idols.

Question 50

is the staple meal in the country and usually prepared through steaming and served together with other foods.

Answer 50

Rice

Question 51

is a crucial to each Filipino feast as rice is to every complete Filipino meal.

Answer 51

Pancit

Question 52

It is a fixture at many significant milestones such as weddings, baptisms, graduations and most especially during birthdays, where their inherently Chinese symbolism as _ (provided you don’t cut the noodles before you eat them) are frequently invoked.

Answer 52

pancit

edible harbingers of a long life

Question 53

_ is the traditional dress of the Filipino women.

Answer 53

Maria Clara

Question 54

This attire gets its name from a famous character named _ in the epic 19th-century narrative “Noli Me Tangere” written by Jose P. Rizal.

Answer 54

Maria Clara

Question 55

It is made up of four components:

Answer 55

Saya- a long dress
Tapis- knee-long skirt
Camisa- collarless chemise
Panuelo- a stiff scarf

Question 56

is traditionally worn by men during special occasions. It is also known as _. _features a formal long skirt decorated with embroidery.

Answer 56

Barong Tagalog
Baro

Question 57

In the Philippines, specially made _ are believed to protect the wearer from bullets and knife wounds.

Answer 57

amulets or talismans or anting-anting

Question 58

One such example is an amulet called “_”- usually a combination of seeds and dried plant material, wrapped in red cloth with or without a cross outside. It is a kind of juvenile amulet, pinned to the shirt of a child for protection.

Answer 58

kontra-usog

Question 59

Among traditional forms of self-medication are certain _ which serve as a remedy or a cure in relaxing, heating and comforting aching muscles and providing relief for dizziness, colds, headaches, sore throat and so forth.

Answer 59

Chinese ointment or oils

Question 60

, a technique used for treating joint pains believed to be caused by the presence of bad air.

Answer 60

ventosa

Question 61

This technique consists of wrapping a coin with cotton, wetting the tip with alcohol, lighting it, and placing the coin on the aching joint area, then immediately covering it with a small glass or cup. The fire is then soon extinguished as it is covered, creating a vacuum that will suck bad air out of the joint.

Answer 61

ventosa

Question 62

These healers include _,

Answer 62

traditional midwives(mananabang), masseurs and specialist for supernaturally caused ailments.

Question 63

_ do not attempt to identifying the cause of illness (which could presumably be supernatural). Their orientation is holistic and uniform and incorporates the belief in cocurrent physical, emotional, and spiritual healing. Regardless of the individual’s specific affiction, the same techniques are employed.

Answer 63

Faith healers

Question 64

_ involves the painless insertion of the healer’s fingers into the individual’s body, removal of tissues, tumors, growths or foreign matter and closing the incision without a scar.

Answer 64

Psychic surgery

Numerous western scientists have investigated tales of miracles cure produced by psychic surgeons and found evidence of fakery.

Question 65

_ also sense energies, auras, and passed figures who may have been related to the patient.

Answer 65

Faith healers

Question 66

the art and science of the ancient Filipino healing traditions that are grounded on the concept of balance among the physical elements along with the mental, emotional and spiritual aspects of a person.

Answer 66

Hilot

Question 67

This practice includes the use of manipulations and massages that help in the prevention of disease and the restoration and maintenance of one’s health and well-being.

Answer 67

Hilot

Question 68

_ makes use of medicinal plants and bulong/orasyon (whispered or written prayers).

Answer 68

Hilot

Question 69

_ it is part of Filipino culture and traditional health practices and is one of the most extensively utilized home treatments for relieving colds symptoms as part of primary health care practice.

Answer 69

Tuob/ Suob (steam inhalation)

Question 70

It has been shown in scientific studies to be useful in reducing cold symptoms and improving nasal patency.

Answer 70

Tuob

Question 71

Done by inhaling steam from boiling water from _ away with a towel draped over one’s head. The procedure is done for at least _.

Answer 71

8-12 inches

2-5 minutes.

Question 72

Benefits of _ include detoxification, cleansing the skin, muscle relaxation, increasing body metabolism, boosting the immune system, keeping mucous membrane from drying, and relieving comfort from asthma, allergies and arthritis.

Answer 72

tuob

Question 73

_ is an abstract form of communication wheras the practitioner of _ gather information from the subject utilizing tools such as paper, water, candle, oils and others to observe and anlyze form and symbols.

Answer 73

Tawas

Question 74

It is an indigenous art of Divination and diagnosis practiced by rural folks to determine the cause of illness.

Answer 74

Tawas

Question 75

It is use in the purview of the albularyo for a variety of febrile conditions, a child’s incessant crying or failure to thrive.

Answer 75

Tawas

Question 76

The _is used to “cross” the forehead and other suspicious or ailing parts of the body while prayers are being whispered. It is then placed on glowing embers, removed when it starts to crack, then transferred to a small receptacle of water. As it cools, its softened forms spreads on the water surface and assumes a shape that may suggest the cause of illness, often one of the several indigenous forces: dwarfs, devils or other evil spirits (na-nuno, na-kulam, na-demonyo). The water in the vehicle is then used to anoint the ailing part or parts of the body to counteract the evil force or illness. The _ is then discarded and thrown westward, preferably into the setting sun.

Answer 76

tawas

Question 77

The Philippines is home to _ plant species. While _ of them contain potential medicinal value, only _ have been scientifically validated

Answer 77

10,000-14,000

1,500

120

Question 78

An _ is a practitioner who uses a combination of modalities: herbalism, prayers, incantations and mysticism, similar to a shaman.

Answer 78

albularyo

Question 79

The Philippine Department of Health endorsed just _ medicinal plants that can be used in herbal teas, tinctures, fluid extracts, poultices (vegetable fat mixtures)., tablets, supplements, powders, creams and essential oils.

Answer 79

10