Fill in the Blank (pgs 6-10 of practice exam - no duplicates)

Question 1

Abduction, depression and intorsion of the eye are all functions of the _________ muscle.

Answer 1

superior oblique

Question 2

Protrusion of the _________ is a function of the genioglossus muscle.

Answer 2

tongue

Question 3

Superficial cerebral veins are located in the __________ filled subarachnoid space.

Answer 3

CSF

Question 4

The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the _______ fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.

Answer 4

pterygopalatine

Question 5

The greater petrosal nerve is the parasympathetic root of the _____ ganglion.

Answer 5

pterygopalatine

Question 6

The ______ reflex tests the sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.

Answer 6

gag

Question 7

Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the __________ are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.

Answer 7

tongue

Question 8

The venous drainage of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of _____ veins.

Answer 8

emissary

Question 9

The __________ dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.

Answer 9

transverse

Question 10

The branches of the __________ artery are typically positioned medial to the pterion.

Answer 10

middle meningeal

Question 11

The _______ muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.

Answer 11

stylopharyngeus

Question 12

The ________ incisors are typically innervated by the anterior superior alveolar nerves.

Answer 12

upper

Question 13

The laryngeal mucosa _______ to the vocal folds is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Answer 13

inferior

Question 14

The posterior division of the ______ and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.

Answer 14

retromandibular

Question 15

As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa, the _________ nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.

Answer 15

oculomotor

Question 16

The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the __________.

Answer 16

foramen spinosum

Question 17

The glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves all exit the __________ fossa by traversing the __________ foramen.

Answer 17

posterior cranial, jugular

Question 18

The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe _______ (movement) of the neck.

Answer 18

hyperextension

Question 19

The _________ nerve traverses the cavernous sinus adjacent to the __________ artery.

Answer 19

abducens, internal carotid

Question 20

The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the __________ between the pyramid and the __________.

Answer 20

medulla, olive

Question 21

The __________ veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the cavernous sinus.

Answer 21

ophthalmic

Question 22

The __________, lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.

Answer 22

frontal

Question 23

The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the __________ nerve.

Answer 23

ophthalmic

Question 24

The inferior alveolar artery is typically a direct branch of the __________ artery.

Answer 24

maxillary

Question 25

The __________ nerve, a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve, passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.

Answer 25

auriculotemporal

Question 26

The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the _________ (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.

Answer 26

stapes

Question 27

The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine, greater palatine, anterior ethmoidal and _________ arteries.

Answer 27

facial

Question 28

The _________ reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.

Answer 28

pupillary

Question 29

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(movement) of the vocal folds.

Answer 29

abductor

Question 30

The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the _________ cavity.

Answer 30

oral

Question 31

The __________ nerve provides sensory innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.

Answer 31

inferior alveolar

Question 32

The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a __________ joint where as the lower compartment is a hinge joint.

Answer 32

gliding (plane)

Question 33

The muscles of mastication are derived from the __________ pharyngeal (branchial) arch.

Answer 33

first (mandibular)

Question 34

The __________ muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the neck.

Answer 34

longus colli

Question 35

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.

Answer 35

promontory

Question 36

The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the _________ gland are located in the otic ganglion.

Answer 36

parotid

Question 37

The __________ muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.

Answer 37

thyrohyoid or geniohyoid

Question 38

The tectorial membrane is continuous with the __________ ligament of the vertebral column.

Answer 38

posterior longitudinal

Question 39

The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the __________ of the nasal cavity.

Answer 39

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 40

The __________ nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the trapezius muscle.

Answer 40

occipital

Question 41

The _______ and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.

Answer 41

zygomtic arch

Question 42

Proximal to the superior orbital fissure, the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_sinus.

Answer 42

cavernous

Question 43

The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 43

mandible

Question 44

The facial nerve is closely associated with the _______ wall of the middle ear.

Answer 44

posterior

Question 45

The temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to ________ (movement) the mandible.

Answer 45

elevate

Question 46

The _________ membrane is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.

Answer 46

tectorial

Question 47

The __________ nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the tensor palatini.

Answer 47

vagus (pharyngeal branch)

Question 48

The __________ and __________ communicate through the auditory tube.

Answer 48

nasal pharynx, middle ear

Question 49

The ________ lip drains directly into the submental lymph nodes.

Answer 49

central lower

Question 50

The posterior fibers of the __________ muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.

Answer 50

temporalis

Question 51

The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves innervate the mucosa of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

hard palate

Question 52

The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the _______ of the oral cavity.

Answer 52

floor

Question 53

The upper molars and their associated _______ mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.

Answer 53

buccal

Question 54

The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 54

internal capsule

Question 55

The VPM nucleus of the _________ is the specific relay nucleus for the _________ somatosensory system.

Answer 55

thalamus, trigeminal

Question 56

The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the __________ pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

Answer 56

pain and temperature

Question 57

Axons projecting from the thalamus to the _________ must pass through the internal capsule.

Answer 57

cerebral cortex

Question 58

The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the _________ and the superior constrictor.

Answer 58

medial pterygoid

Question 59

Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the cerebellar cortex pass through the __________ cerebellar peduncle.

Answer 59

inferior

Question 60

Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus pass through the __________ cerebellar peduncle.

Answer 60

superior

Question 61

The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for auditory sensation is located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 61

spiral ganglion

Question 62

Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the ________ lobe.

Answer 62

occipital

Question 63

Most of the brainstem lower motor neurons receive bilateral corticobulbar afferents. Which cranial nerve nucleus (or subdivision) receives only contralateral corticobulbar afferents?

Answer 63

lower facial nucleus

Question 64

The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the ________ and\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

Answer 64

pain, temperature

Question 65

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the ____________ innervating temporalis muscle spindles.

Answer 65

Primary sensory afferents

Question 66

The majority of the __________ axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.

Answer 66

commissural

Question 67

The organ of corti is located in the ___________ of the inner ear.

Answer 67

cochlea

Question 68

The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the __________ of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

Answer 68

semicircular canals

Question 69

The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of ___________ acceleration.

Answer 69

linear horizontal

Question 70

The __________ nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.

Answer 70

optic

Question 71

The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum, the dorsal aspect of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 71

midbrain

Question 72

The medial geniculate nucleus is the _____________ relay nucleus for the ______________ system.

Answer 72

thalamus, auditory

Question 73

Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the ________ cerebellar peduncle .

Answer 73

right middle

Question 74

The _______ region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the trunk.

Answer 74

midline (vermis)

Question 75

The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by __________ of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.

Answer 75

inhibition

Question 76

The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_or _______ into the bloodstream.

Answer 76

oxytocin, vasopressin

Question 77

The hypothalamus, a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight, sleep and sexual behavior, is a subdivision of the _______ (region of the brain).

Answer 77

diencephalon

Question 78

The amygdala, a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses, is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe.

Answer 78

temporal

Question 79

The primary motor cortex is located in the _______ gyrus of the _______ lobe.

Answer 79

precentral, frontal

Question 80

The primary somatosenory cortex is located in the _______ gyrus of the ____ lobe.

Answer 80

postcentral, parietal

Question 81

The reticular activating system is located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a major brain subdivision.

Answer 81

brainstem

Question 82

Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus, a structure critical to the formation of new memories, traverse the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 82

fornix

Question 83

The corneal (blink) reflex tests the __________ function of the Vth cranial nerve and the __________ function of the VIIth cranial nerve.

Answer 83

sensory, motor

Question 84

Epidural hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the __________ arteries, whereas __________ hematomas are associated with tears of the superficial cerebral veins.

Answer 84

meningeal, subdural

Question 85

The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the __________ system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Answer 85

motor

Question 86

The primary auditory cortex is located in the __________ lobe.

Answer 86

temporal

Question 87

Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the __________ circuit involving the amygdala, whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.

Answer 87

limbic

Question 88

Pharyngeal __________ are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.

Answer 88

clefts

Question 89

The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pharyngeal arch.

Answer 89

first

Question 90

The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the ________ pharyngeal arch.

Answer 90

second

Question 91

The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the ________ pharyngeal arch.

Answer 91

4th

Question 92

The _______ and ________ (ossicles) are both derivative of the ________ pharyngeal arch.

Answer 92

malleus, incus, first

Question 93

The first \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft, contributes to the formation of the external ear.

Answer 93

pharyngeal cleft

Question 94

The parathyroid glands and _________ are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.

Answer 94

thymus

Question 95

The tongue is derived from the first, second, third and fourth ________ and myoblasts from the occipital somites.

Answer 95

pharyngeal arches

Question 96

The secondary palate is formed by the fusion of the right and left ______ shelves.

Answer 96

palatine

Question 97

The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 97

maxillary processes

Question 98

The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a tongue structure.

Answer 98

foramen cecum