FINAL 01 - Study Design

Question 1

Process wherein the trial methodology and statistical analysis are organized

Answer 1

Study design

Question 2

2 types of clinical research (OE)

Answer 2

Observational, Experimental

Question 3

Does not involve intervention (Types of clinical research)

Answer 3

Observational

Question 4

Involves intervention and its effects are documented (Types of clinical research)

Answer 4

Experimental

Question 5

Used when the state of knowledge about the phenomenon is poor (Types of observational studies)

Answer 5

Exploratory studies

Question 6

Has no control group (Types of observational studies)

Answer 6

Descriptive studies (Statistical research)

Question 7

Describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied (Types of observational studies)

Answer 7

Descriptive studies (Statistical research)

Question 8

It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred (Types of observational studies)

Answer 8

Descriptive studies (Statistical research)

Question 9

Used to test hypothesis whether large scale or small scale (Types of observational studies)

Answer 9

Analytical studies

Question 10

A coherent and consecutive set of cases of a disease

Answer 10

Clinical case series

Question 11

Prospective (exposure -> outcome) (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 11

Cohort study

Question 12

Retrospective (outcome -> exposure) (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 12

Case control study

Question 13

Present time; “snapshots” (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 13

Cross sectional study

Question 14

Form of longitudinal observational study (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 14

Cohort study

Question 15

Begins with a group of people who do not have the disease (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 15

Cohort study

Question 16

A group of people who share a common characteristic within a defined period

Answer 16

Cohort

Question 17

Begins with two existing groups: cases (w/ diseases) and control (no diseases) (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 17

Case control study

Question 18

Disease and exposure status are measured simultaneously in each population (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 18

Cross sectional study

Question 19

Used to assess the prevalence of acute or chronic conditions in a population (Types of analytical studies)

Answer 19

Cross sectional study

Question 20

Allocation to treatment and control groups is achieved by a random process (Types of experimental studies)

Answer 20

Randomized trials

Question 21

__________ is helpful for reducing selection, allocation, and performance bias

Answer 21

Random allocation

Question 22

Systematic variations that can mislead one to get into an erroneous outcome

Answer 22

Bias

Question 23

Certain clinical data may be missing because they were normal, negative, or never measured (Types of bias)

Answer 23

Missing clinical data bias

Question 24

Patients who withdraw may be different from those who are followed in the study (Types of bias)

Answer 24

Withdrawal bias

Question 25

Involves too small or too large samples (Types of bias)

Answer 25

Sample size bias

Question 26

Involves defects in calibration or maintenance of instruments (Types of bias)

Answer 26

Instrument bias

Question 27

Summary of clinical literature

Answer 27

Systematic review

Question 28

Critical assessment and evaluation of all research studies that address a clinical issue

Answer 28

Systematic review

Question 29

Systematic review that include a quantitative pooling of data

Answer 29

Meta analysis

Question 30

A way of combining data from many different research studies

Answer 30

Meta analysis

Question 31

A statistical process that combines the findings from individual studies

Answer 31

Meta analysis

Question 32

Studies that involves animals (Types of experimental studies)

Answer 32

Animal research studies

Question 33

Studies made in a controlled laboratory setting (Types of experimental studies)

Answer 33

Test tube lab research

Question 34

Means involving information about an individual or group gathered over a long period of time

Answer 34

Longitudinal