FINAL 02 - Drugs Affecting Hormonal Systems

Question 1

Sulfonylureas and glinides are ___________

Answer 1

Insulin secretagogues

Question 2

Have a small lipophilic substituent on the para position of the phenyl ring (R1 on the pharmacophore) and an alkyl or cyclic lipophilic substituent on the non-sulfonyl-attached urea nitrogen (R2 on the pharmacophore) (Generations of sulfonylureas)

Answer 2

1st generation

Question 3

Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, and acetohexamide are examples of __________ sulfonylureas

Answer 3

1st generation

Question 4

Replaces the small lipophilic p-substituents found in the first-generation agents by a larger p-(B-arylcarboxyamidoethyl) group (Generations of sulfonylureas)

Answer 4

2nd generation

Question 5

Glyburide and glipizide are examples of __________ sulfonylureas

Answer 5

2nd generation

Question 6

Has increased potency, more rapid onset, shorter plasma half-lives, and longer durations of action (Generations of sulfonylureas)

Answer 6

2nd generation

Question 7

Benzoic acid derivative of the non-sulfonylurea moiety of glibenclamide group (Drugs for diabetes melitus)

Answer 7

Meglitinide/Glinide

Question 8

Prototype drug of meglitinide/glinides

Answer 8

Meglitinide

Question 9

Thiazolidinediones are also known as __________

Answer 9

Glitazones

Question 10

__________ are insulin-sensitizing agents

Answer 10

Biguanides

Question 11

Incretin system modulating agents are __________ agonists

Answer 11

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1)

Question 12

Incretin system modulating agents are ___________ inhibitors

Answer 12

DDP-IV (Dipeptidyl peptidase type 4)

Question 13

Vildagliptin and saxagliptin are DDP-IV inhibitors with __________ group

Answer 13

Nitrile/Cyano

Question 14

Has a piperazine ring fused to a pyrazole in place of the pyrrole ring but still contains the a-amino acyl moiety and the amide bond (Examples of DDP-IV inhibitors)

Answer 14

Sitagliptin

Question 15

Is a xanthine derivative (Examples of DDP-IV inhibitors)

Answer 15

Linagliptin

Question 16

A cyclic benzenesulfonamide that closely resembles hydrochlorothiazide (a thiazide diuretic) (Examples of glucose elevating agents)

Answer 16

Diazoxide

Question 17

Is an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener (Examples of glucose elevating agents)

Answer 17

Diazoxide

Question 18

The thyroid contains two hormones, __________ and ______________ (LL)

Answer 18

L-thyroxine (T4), L-triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 19

Meaning of MIT (Thyroid hormones)

Answer 19

Monoiodotyrosine

Question 19

Meaning of DIT (Thyroid hormones)

Answer 19

Diiodotyrosine

Question 20

DIT + DIT = __________

Answer 20

T4

Question 21

MIT + DIT = __________

Answer 21

T3

Question 22

A metabolically inactive form of T3

Answer 22

Reverse T3 (rT3)

Question 23

__________ and __________ are examples of synthetic thyroid hormones (LL)

Answer 23

Levothyroxine sodium, Liothyronine sodium

Question 24

Contains a mixture of the sodium salts of T4 and T3 in a 4:1 ratio by weight (Examples of synthetic thyroid hormones)

Answer 24

Liotrix

Question 25

A synthetic (+)-stereoisomer isomer of T4 (Examples of synthetic thyroid hormones)

Answer 25

Dextrothyroxine (dT4, Choloxin)

Question 26

Drugs used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (excessive production of thyroid hormones)

Answer 26

Antithyroid drugs

Question 27

Methimazole and propylthiouracil are __________ (Antithyroid drugs)

Answer 27

Thioamides

Question 28

Refers to the drug therapies used to treat osteoporosis

Answer 28

Antiresorptive agents

Question 29

Analogs used for estrogen replacement therapy (Types of antiresorptive agents)

Answer 29

Estrogen analogs

Question 30

Raloxifene is an example of ___________ (Types of antiresorptive agents)

Answer 30

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

Question 31

The first SERM approved for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (Examples of SERMs)

Answer 31

Raloxifene

Question 32

A benzothiophene derivative that is a semi-rigid analog of tamoxigen (Examples of SERMs)

Answer 32

Raloxifene

Question 33

Lasofoxifene, ospemifene, bazedoxifene, and toremifene are examples of __________ SERMs

Answer 33

2nd generation

Question 34

___________ have covalent carbon-phosphorus bonds (Types of antiresorptive agents)

Answer 34

Bisphosphonates

Question 35

Have carbon-oxygen-phosphorus bonds (Types of antiresorptive agents)

Answer 35

Bisphosphates

Question 36

2 groups of bisphosphonates (NN)

Answer 36

Non-N-containing bisphosphonates, N-containing bisphosphonates

Question 37

Etidronate and tiludronate are examples of ___________ (Types of bisphosphonates)

Answer 37

Non-N-containing bisphosphonates

Question 38

Alendronate, pamidronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronic acid are examples of __________ (Types of bisphosphonates)

Answer 38

N-containing bisphosphonates

Question 39

Its site of action is the aminoacyl-transverse ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthase (Types of bisphosphonates)

Answer 39

Non-N-containing bisphosphonates

Question 40

Its site of action is the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) (Types of bisphosphonates)

Answer 40

N-containing bisphosphonates

Question 41

Also known as sCT, miacalcin, and calcimar (Types of antiresorptive agents)

Answer 41

Calcitonin-salmon

Question 42

A recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Types of bone-forming agents)

Answer 42

Teriparatide (hPTH(1-3), Forteo)

Question 43

Includes sodium fluoride and calcium salts (Types of bone-forming agents)

Answer 43

Inorganic salts

Question 44

____________ are therapies that include RANKL inhibitors and Cathepsin K inhibitors (Types of bone forming-agents)

Answer 44

Monoclonal antibody-based therapies

Question 45

Denosumab is a ___________ (Types of monoclonal antibody-based therapies)

Answer 45

RANKL inhibitor

Question 46

Odanacatib is a __________ (Types of monoclonal antibody-based therapies)

Answer 46

Cathepsin K inhibitor

Question 47

Is classified as both an antiresoprtive agent and a bone-forming agent (Drug therapies used to treat osteoporosis)

Answer 47

Strontium ranelate

Question 48

Paricalcitol and doxercalciferol are drugs based on __________ (Drug therapies used to treat hyperparathyroidism)

Answer 48

Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)

Question 49

A calcimimetic; is used to activate the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) (Drug therapies used to treat hyperparathyroidism)

Answer 49

Cinacalcet

Question 50

A parathyroid hormone also known as rDNA 1-84 (Drug therapy used in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism)

Answer 50

Preos

Question 51

2 drug therapies used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy (BG)

Answer 51

Bisphosphonates, Gallium nitrate

Question 52

Zoledronic acid and pamidronate are examples of ___________ (Drug therapies used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy)

Answer 52

Bisphosphonates