Final Flashcards

Question

The Plymouth Congregationalists

Answer 1

Originally planned to be part of the colony in Virginia, but they landed much further north due to weather conditions Only 50 out of 101 survived the first winter What makes them unique is that, while recognizing the authority of the king of England, they wanted to organize themselves as well They wrote the Mayflower Compact (1620)

Answer 2

Written by the Plymouth Congregationalists Unequivocally recognized the divine right of the king Desired a form of religious freedom Developed a civil body politic based on just and equal laws Built a society that was based on a mutually held covenant before God and one another, binding them together as a religious and civil covenant community

Answer 3

George Fox Tried to establish colonies in Massachusetts to no avail Despite this, the Society of Friends found safe haven in Pennsylvania under the leadership of William Penn, a student of John Owen’s God puts in every person a portion of inner life, making one to quake in awe Emphasizes an internal and immediate experience of God, deemphasizing experiencing God in the Scripture Refused any form of prescribed worship Pacifists

Answer 4

Leader in the migration to New England Elected governor of the Plymouth colony Puritan Wrote Of Plymouth Plantation (1650)

Answer 5

Lawyer Puritan Elected as governor and later deputy governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony Saw New England as a city on a hill; the world is watching to see what God is up to in America

Answer 6

Separatist, contrarian, founder of Providence, Rhode Island The most controversial man of the early American experiment One of the earliest proponents of religious liberty, even implying the legitimacy of other religions “Christening makes not Christians”

Answer 7

Son of a famous British admiral Ardent and devout Quaker Founder of Pennsylvania

Answer 8

Son of Increase Mather One of the most important intellectuals in early America Played a significant role in the Salem Witch Trials Most famously known for his book Magnalia Christi Americana (1702)

Answer 9

The Glorious Works of Christ in America Written by Cotton Mather Builds on Bradford, again using Mosaic imagery Laments that no memoir or biography was written on John Owen when he died

Answer 10

200 people were tried, 30 women and 6 men were executed Mather denounced the way the trials were handled (spectral evidence) Brought the superstition of the Puritans into focus

Answer 11

Allowed nominal Christians (baptized and of good behaviour) to present their children for baptism, regardless of the child’s or the parent’s faith Was instituted by ministers in Massachusetts in order to ensure the survival of the Church Over time, baptism wasn’t enough, and so they opened up the table under certain circumstances to leverage people into the physical church Raised the question of nominalism among the Puritans

Answer 12

Question of competing visions for America’s future Winthrop’s Christian society vs greater diversity of religious practice in a new land Penn’s vision won out over Winthrop’s over time Diversity and nominalism were rife and developed over the next 200+ years into the modern day

Answer 13

Became the sole pastor of Stoddard’s megachurch at 25 Started the Great Awakening Saw revival as a surprising work of God through the common means of grace Was a missionary to the Mohawk and Mohican tribes

Answer 14

Founder of Methodism Brother of Charles Wesley, famous hymn writer “The world is my parish” Carefully revised Arminianism ``` Focused on four quadrants: Scripture Reason Tradition Experience ``` The heart of Wesley’s theology rests in Christian experience Principles of a Methodist (1740)

Answer 15

Reputed founder of American Presbyterianism Became the first central figure of the Presybterian experience in America Created the first Presbytery in America in 1706 Wrote A Narrative of a New and Unusual Imprisonment

Answer 16

Minister who was caught and confessed to fornication Barred from the pulpit for only 4 Sundays This event helped trigger the Adoption Act (1729)

Answer 17

George Gallesby and John Thompson were for strict subscription to Westminster whereas Jonathan Dickinson was opposed, saying it wasn’t enough to provide moral reform Thompson: a church without a confession is a city without walls Dickinson: for the analyzation of religious experience The Adoption Act was framed by Dickinson and was distinguished by the inclusion of essential and non-essential elements within Westminster; however, these were never defined

Answer 18

Developed the Log College Provided a template for pro-Awakening Presbyterians Emphasized Westminster theology, true piety, and ministerial practices in accordance with the Great Awakening Created the New Side/Old Side split

Answer 19

Old Side was suspicious of the Great Awakening, complaining that Tennent and Whitefield were putting people against their pastors who were against the Awakening Claimed that New Side ministers were preaching out of bounds without a license and brought about a low view of education and subscription Old Side: Suspicious of the Awakening Westminster is the standard New Side: Embraced the Awakening Personal piety and experience is the standard New Side was eventually forced to withdraw and form a new synod in New York

Answer 20

Very defensive of his father, William Tennent Sr. The Synod of Philadelphia censured him Preached one of the most infamous sermons in American history, The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry (called Old Side Pharisees and dead dogs)

Answer 21

New Side college, but soon welcomed Old Side as well, becoming the premier Presbyterian college Dickinson was the first president Affirmed Westminster theology Encouraged personal piety Trained men along the lines of the Great Awakening Witherspoon turned the college from a seminary to a place to train revolutionary leaders

Answer 22

Transformed the College of New Jersey Introduced Common Sense Realism Was a major player in the formation of the first general assembly in 1789 (nearly a third of the delegates were his former students)

Answer 23

Established churches wanted to expand their denominations to the West, the great unknown of the time Was a brief teaming up of Presbyterians with Congregationalists Drawn up by Edwards 4 Concrete Provisions: Missionaries on the frontier were to strive to evangelize the West Pastors from both denominations could serve in either congregation A congregationalist could go to the presbytery of a bad minister or form their own defacto committee to judge the situation A congregationalist elder could participate as a ruling elder at a presbytery

Answer 24

Often called the Second Great Awakening Took place in Kentucky Barton W. Stone was the main guy

Answer 25

Was the Edwards of the Second Great Awakening Saw revivals as a result of new measures rather than a surprising work of God through ordinary means Rejected Westminster

Answer 26

Was the controversy surrounding the Second Great Awakening Mostly had to do with Finney’s approach and social justice (slavery) Carried into the Civil War where 4 factions were formed (OS/NS North/South)

Answer 27

Radically changed the fields of philosophy, theology, and ethics Was the quintessential thinker of the Enlightenment Wrote Critique of Pure Reason Creates the categories of the Noumena and Phenomena

Answer 28

Was a declaration of epistemological independence Founded upon the self rather than revelation It’s motto was “Dare to think!” Had 3 branches: Reason: Rationalism (Descartes) Experience: Empiricism (Hume & Locke) Feeling: Romanticism (Schleiermacher)

Answer 29

Was the father of theological liberalism Romanticized Christianity, making it all about feeling Took reformed terms and radically redefined them (sin is “the absence of God-consciousness”) Wrote The Christian Faith

Answer 30

Urbildlichkeit: The ideal/standard embodiment of human God-consciousness Vorbildlichkeit: Jesus’ ability to evoke within us an understanding/feeling of our need for God-consciousness This reveals that Schleiermacher is Christomorphic rather than Christocentric

Answer 31

Educated at Tubingen, Germany Developed a triadic logic that synthesized knowledge, opening up a new door to interpret history Combines a thesis and antithesis to make a synthesis; this synthesis then becomes a thesis in itself and the cycle continues Tried to combine Empiricism with Rationalism, much like Kant

Answer 32

Adopted Hegel’s triadic thought to explain the development of Christianity Divides Peter and Paul’s notions of Christianity opening the door for radical biblical reinterpretation Taught David Strauss

Answer 33

Was a disciple of Baur Wrote Life of Jesus Denies the historicity of the Gospels, portraying them more as a myth

Answer 34

1875-1965 Continued Strauss’ teaching Wrote Quest of the Historical Jesus

Answer 35

Historian of the Early Church Believed Paul made things overly complicated, wanted to return to simple Christianity Wrote What Is Christianity?

Answer 36

Most significant theologian of the 20th century Retains the commitments of Kant while differing in liberalism’s conclusions Wrote The Epistle to the Romans (1919/1922), which blew up the theological playground at the time, calling people to quit fighting over dates and authorship and to actually learn from the text and be moved by it Also wrote The Word of God and the Word of Man (1928), the Barmen Declaration (1934), and Church Dogmatics (1932-1968)

Answer 37

Written by Harnack Argues that Christianity is not doctrine, but a way of life Says Jesus taught 3 things: The Kingdom of God The Universal Fatherhood of God and Brotherhood of Man The Kingdom of God represents an Ethic of Love

Answer 38

Also known as Dialectical Theology Follows Hegelian thought Lead by Barth Stood against the scholasticism of the post-Reformation and 19th century protestant liberalism

Answer 39

Barth’s magnum opus Over 10,000 pages long Covers 4 categories: Revelation God Creation Reconciliation

Final Flashcards

(63 cards)