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Reformation To The Present > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Scholasticism?

A

A system that “describes the technical and academic side of this process of institutionalization and professionalization of Protestant doctrine in thenuniversities of the late 16th and 17th centuries”

Analogous to modern day empiricism

Is a method of discourse in the academy rather than a matter of content

Borrowed Aristotelian language and categories

Luther ane Calvin were in support of this, as it helped them teach God’s Word

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2
Q

What is Humanism?

A

Key term: Ad Fontes (to the fount/to the sources)

Highlights the importance of ancient texts in their original languages and contexts

Luther and Calvin were in support of this, as it helped them rediscover God’s Word

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3
Q

Luther

A

Born in Eisleben, Germany

Started the Reformation by writing the 95 Thesis against indulgences

Wrote The Heidelberg Disputation (1518) and the Treatise on Good Works (1520), To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520), The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520), The Freedom of the Christian (1520), and The Bondage of the Will (1525)

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4
Q

The Heidelberg Disputation

A

Written by Luther just after the 95 Theses in 1518

Contrasts a theology of glory with a theology of the cross

The centrality of Christ in Luther’s theology is on full display

Covers the Works of Men, the Nature of the Will, Theology of Independence (glory) and Dependence (cross), and Theology of Love

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5
Q

Treatise on Good Works

A

Written by Luther in 1520

Focuses on the 10 Commandments

Obedience flows from trust in Christ

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6
Q

To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

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Written by Luther in 1520

Is a call to reformation

Outlines a 2 kingdom theology

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7
Q

The Babylonian Exile of the Church

A

Written by Luther in 1520

Emphasizes that God only gave 2 sacraments

Draws parallels between Rome and Babylon

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8
Q

The Freedom of the Christian

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Written by Luther in 1520

Is an evangelical work directed to the Pope

Outlines justification by faith alone

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9
Q

Jean Calvin

A

Formed a “holy bond of friendship” with William Farel and Peter Viret

Originally forced to minister to the people of Geneva, but grew to love them with pastoral care over time

Wrote The Institutes, the first edition being published in 1536 and the last in 1559

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10
Q

The Institutes

A

Written by Jean Calvin

Started out as a little handbook

Went through 5 editions in his liftetime

God as Creator
God as Redeemer
The Individual Christian Life
The Church, The Means of Grace, and Civil Government

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11
Q

William Farel

A

Was a firebrand preacher

Friends with Calvin and Viret

Called down the curse of God on Calvin when he wanted to leave Geneva, scaring Calvin into compliance

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12
Q

Peter Viret

A

Warm hearted

Friends with Calvin and Farel

Calvin’s commentary on Titus is dedicated to him and Farel

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13
Q

Theodore Beza

A

Calvin’s apprentice

Had a high view of Farel and Viret

Taught Arminius

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14
Q

Martin Bucer

A

Architect of the Swiss Reformation

Luther, Kramer, and Calvin can all be tied to him

Called down a curse on Calvin for leaving Geneva

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15
Q

Cujus regio ejus religio?

A

A Latin phrase meaning “Whose realm is religion?”

Popularized during the 17th century

Was asked because each local magistrate was able to determine the religion of their realm

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16
Q

The Peace of Augsburg

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Written in 1555

Was a treaty between Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League

Sought to establish peace between Catholic and Lutheran territories across Europe

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17
Q

Germany, England, and Switzerland

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Were more theaters of conflict than reform in the 17th century

Faced vast political, technological, and theological changes

The Peace of Augsburg was designed to prevent war, but it was only a bandaid

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18
Q

The Thirty Years War

A

1618-1648

Protestant Lutherans vs Catholics

Civil War between states

France, Austria, and Spain each fought for European hegemony

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19
Q

Orthodoxy

A

Early, High, and Late

Early spans from right after Calvin to the first confessions

High is the apex of the post-reformation (Turretin and Owen)

Late is the fall of confessionalization and the rise of the Enlightenment

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20
Q

Robert Bellarmine

A

1542-1621

Was a trained Jesuit, philospher, and theologian

Became a Cardinal of the Roman Church

Wrote a lengthy polemic against the Protestants, which he deemed to be heretics

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21
Q

Jacob Arminius

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A

1560-1609

Student of Theodore Beza

Represents an internal critique of Reformed Theology

Wrote Declaration of Sentiments in 1609

His teachings were codified in the Five Articles of Remonstrance in 1610

22
Q

Johan Von Staupitz

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A

Luther’s mentor

Recommended that Luther teach at the University of Wittenberg

Sent Luther on his pilgrimage to Rome

23
Q

Frederick of Saxony

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A

Known as Frederick the Wise

Was the Elector of Saxony

Had an enormous collection of relics

Protected Luther by arranging his kidnapping after the Diet of Worms

24
Q

Johan Tetzel

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A

Was a travelling salesman for the Church

Was a big name when it came to selling indulgences

His famous catchphrase was “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs”

25
The Dichotomist Debate
The premise is that the reformation was an island between the medieval and post-reformation periods Posits that scholasticism corrupted the Bible by imposing Aristotelian categories on it Holds that the Reformation revolves around predestination and Calvinism
26
Supralapsarianism
A theological doctrine concerning the logical order of the divine decree Teaches that the decree of election and reprobation comes prior to the Fall Popularized by William Perkins in his book The Golden Chain (1591)
27
Reply to Sadoleto
Written by Calvin in 1539 Sadoleto was a Catholic Cardinal who tried to win back Geneva In this reply, Calvin calls Geneva to remain steadfast
28
Preface to Commentary on the Psalms
Most significant source on Calvin’s conversion Frames the Christian life in terms of providence Understands conversion as a supernatural work
29
Michael Servetus
Heretic who denied the Trinity Both Catholics and Protestants wanted him dead Fled to Geneva for refuge, but was ultimately tried and executed there Calvin played a role in his sentencing
30
William Perkins
Conformist (worked with the Church of England) Influenced by Ramism Wrote The Golden Chain and The Art of Prophecying Was a best seller, outselling Calvin, Beza, and Bullwinger combined
31
The Golden Chain
Written by Perkins in 1590 Shows the logical order of redemption Taught supralapsarianism
32
The Art of Prophesying
Written by Perkins in 1592 Shows the importance of substance and form in preaching Meant to find Christ in every text
33
John Owen
Leading Non-Conformist Proponent of High Calvinism Outlived all 11 of his children
34
Norma Normans
Latin term meaning “norming norm” Speaks to the authority of Scripture and how it relates to confessions Scripture is the norming norm
35
Norma Normata
Latin phrase meaning “the normed norm” Speaks to the authority of Scripture and how it relates to confessions Creeds and confessions are the normed norm
36
Belgic Confession
Written by Guido De Bres Knowledge of God and Scripture were prevalent The Sacraments are accentuated Adopted by the Synod of Dort in 1619
37
Heidelberg Catechism
Written by Zacharius Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus Bite-sized Q&A format Split into 52 sections, one for every Lord’s Day of the year
38
Synod of Dort
1618-19 Defined the 5 points of Calvinism in response to the 5 articles of the Remonstrance Condemned Arminianism as heresy
39
Anfechtung
German term meaning crisis/existential angst Used by Luther to describe his guilt Luther was paralyzed by the holiness of God
40
Katerina Von Bora
Escaped nun who became Luther’s wife in 1525 Had 5 children with Luther Her and Luther made the home the center of the ministry
41
Elizabeth I
Reigned from 1558-1603 in England Daughter of Henry VIII Protestant, supported Church of England
42
Puritanism
Diverse branch of Protestantism in England, Scotland, Ireland, and the New World Originally a derogatory term for those trying to purify the Church of England of Catholic elements Begins inside the Church of England, ends in non-conformity
43
Socinianism
Logical outworking of Arminianism Precursor to Unitarianism, Liberalism, and Open Theism (the future is up to us to decide) Lelio and Fausto Sozzini
44
Ramism
Named after philosopher Peter Ramus Simplified Aristotelian logic The bifurcation of categories in order to create concrete definitions Influenced William Perkins
45
Infralapsarianism
Concerns the order of the divine decree Places predestination after the Fall Can be found within the Reformed tradition
46
Amyraldianism
Hypothetical Universalism Concerns the order of the divine decree of election Places atonement prior to predestination Can be found within the Reformed tradition
47
William Ames
Synod of Dort Hammer of the Arminians Proponent of Covenant Theology Student of Perkins
48
John Preston
Conformist Challenged Perkins on predestination Hypothetical Universalist Student of Perkins
49
Westminster Confession of Faith
1646 Written by the Westminster Divines Accepted in the Church of England Doctrine of Scripture Doctrine of Covenant Doctrine of Christ Doctrine of Adoption Law & Liberty of Conscience
50
Idelette de Bure
Calvin’s wife Had 2 children from a previous marriage to an Anabaptist Died in 1549, leaving Calvin to take care of his step kids

Reformation To The Present (2 decks)

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