Final Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Afebrile
A
A condition in which the body temperature is not elevated.
2
Q
Febrile
A
A condition in which the body temperature is elevated.
3
Q
5 Step Nursing Process
A
ADPIE
- Assess
- Diagnose
- Plan
- Implement
- Evaluate
4
Q
Acute Pain
A
Episode of pain that lasts from seconds to less than 6 months
5
Q
Chronic Pain
A
Episode of pain that last for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous.
6
Q
Refered Pain
A
Pain in an area removed from that in which stimulation has its origin.
7
Q
Cutaneous Pain
A
Superficial pain usually involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue
8
Q
Neuropathic Pain
A
Pain that results as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting abnormal functioning of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or central nervous system (CNS)
9
Q
Somatic Pain
A
Pain originating in structures in the body’s external wall.
10
Q
Visceral Pain
A
Pain originating in the internal organs in the thorax, cranium, or abdomen.
11
Q
Psychogenic Pain
A
Pain for which no physical cause can be identified.
12
Q
Phantom Pain
A
sensation of pain without demonstrable physiologic or pathologic substance; commonly observed after the amputation of a limb.
13
Q
Nociceptive Pain
A
Pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli (stimulus that can cause tissue damage) being perceived as painful.
14
Q
Breakthrough pain
A
Temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around the clock medication for persistent pain.
15
Q
Malpractice
A
Act of negligence as applied to a professional person such as a physician, nurse, or dentist.
16
Q
Assult
A
Threat or an attempt to make bodily contact with another person without that person’s permission.
17
Q
Battery
A
An assault that is carried out.
18
Q
Abandonment
A
accepting the client assignment and disengaging the nurse and client relationship without giving notice to a qualified person.
19
Q
Florence Nightingale
A
- Defined nursing as both an art and a science
- Differentiated nursing from medicine
- created freestanding nursing education
- published books about nursing and health care
- founder of modern nursing
20
Q
Clara Barton
A
Volunteered to care for wounds and feed Union soldiers during the Civil War; served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882
21
Q
Linda Richards
A
Graduated in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice of keeping records and writing orders
22
Q
Mary Elizabeth Mahoney
A
Graduated in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice of keeping records and writing orders
23
Q
Maslow’s Hierarchy of basic human needs (pyramid)
5 total Listed form Highest to Lowest Priority
A
- Physiologic (Bottom of the pyramid)
- Safety and Security
- Love and Belonging
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Actualization (Top of the pyramid)
24
Q
3 Levels of Health Promotion and Preventative Care
A
- Primary ( Prevention): Directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury.
ex. immunization clinics, family planning services, poison control info, and accident prevention education. - Secondary (Screening): Focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found.
ex. Assessing children for normal growth. Medical, dental and vision examinations. - Tertiary (Coping if they have it): begins after the illness is diagnosed and treated, with goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to max level of functioning
ex. physical therapy, teaching patients with diabetes about complications, support groups.
25
Illness
Abnormal process in which any aspect of the person's functioning is altered (in comparison to the previous condition of health)
26
Standard Precautions
CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions.
27
Brachial Pulse
by feeling the bicep tendon in the area of the antecubital fossa.
28
Radial Carotid Pulse
- between your wrist bone and the tendon on the thumb side of your wrist.
29
Temporal Pulse
on the temple directly in front of the ear with the index finger.
30
Femoral Pulse
- along the crease midway between the pubic bone and the anterior iliac crest.
31
Popliteal Pulse
- on the back of your knee over the popliteal artery
32
Dorsalis Pedis Pulse
on the dorsum of the foot in the first intermetatarsal space just lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe.
33
Posterior Tibial Pulse
in the groove between the medial malleolus and Achilles tendon. (ankle)
34
Skill 36-2 Steps for Intermittent tube feedings
1. Gather equipment. Check amount, concentration, type, and frequency of tube feeding in the patient’s medical record. Check formula expiration date.
2. Perform hand hygiene and put on PPE, if indicated.
3. Identify the patient.
4. Explain the procedure to the patient. Answer any questions, as needed.
5. Assemble equipment on overbed table or other surface within reach.
6. Close the patient’s bedside curtain or door. Raise the bed to a comfortable working position, usually elbow height of the caregiver (VHACEOSH, 2016). Perform abdominal assessments as described above.
7. Position the patient with HOB elevated at least 30 to 45 degrees or as near normal position for eating as possible.
8. Confrm placement of the nasogastric tube in the patient’s stomach using at least two methods. The frst method utilized should be measurement of the exposed length of tube.
9. Put on gloves. Unsecure the tube from the patient’s gown. Verify the position of the marking on the tube at the nostril. Measure length of exposed tube and compare with the documented length.
10. Check the pH of and visualize aspirated contents, checking for color and consistency.
11. If it is not possible to aspirate contents; assessments to check placement are inconclusive; the exposed tube length has changed; or there are any other indications that the tube is not in place, check placement by radiograph (x-ray) of placement of tube, based on facility policy (and ordered by the primary health care provider).
12. After multiple steps have been taken to ensure that the feeding tube is located in the stomach or small intestine, aspirate all gastric contents with the syringe and measure to check for gastric residual—the amount of feeding remaining in the stomach. Return the residual based on facility policy. Proceed with feeding if amount of residual does not exceed facility policy or the limit indicated in the medical record.
13. Flush tube with 30 to 50 mL of water for irrigation. Disconnect syringe from tubing and cap end of tubing while preparing the formula feeding equipment. Remove gloves. 14. Put on gloves before preparing, assembling, and handling any part of the feeding system.
15. Administer feeding.
35
Pain Severity Scale:
Mild:1-4
Moderate:5-7
Severe: 8-10
36
Levels of care:
Preventive- education and prevention (health history, wellness visits)
Restorative- Intermediate follow-up care (surgical postoperative routine care, routine medical care), Rehabilitation, Home Care.
Secondary- Emergency treatment, and Critical care (intense and elaborate diagnosis and treatment)
37
What is included in sleep diary?
| pg. 1214
- Time patient retires
- Time patient tries to fall asleep
- Approximate time patient falls asleep
- Time of any awakenings during the night and when sleep was resumed
- Time of awakening in the morning
- Presence of any stressors patient believes are affecting his or her sleep
- A record of any food, drink, or medication patient believes has positively or negatively influenced his or her sleep (include time of ingestion)
- Record of physical activities—type, duration, and time
- Record of mental activities—type, duration, and time
- Record of activities performed 2 to 3 hours before bedtime, bedtime rituals, changes in sleep environment
- Presence of any worries or anxieties patient believes are affecting his or her sleep
38
Nursing interventions to assist patient with sleep
| pg. 1219
- Maintaining a brighter room environment during daylight hours and dim lights in the evening
- Decreasing the volume on alarms, telephones, overhead paging, and staff conversations
- Closing doors to patient rooms
- Scheduling procedures together so as not to awaken patients multiple times for vital signs, blood draws, bathing, or medication administration that can safely be postponed for a short time
- Medicating for pain if needed
- Keeping the room cool and providing earplugs and eye masks if requested and as appropriate
39
Steps for performing a glucose finger stick
| SKILL 36-4
1. Check the patient’s health record or nursing care plan for monitoring schedule. You may decide that additional testing is indicated based on nursing judgment and the patient’s condition.
2. Gather equipment. Check expiration date on blood test strips.
3. Perform hand hygiene and put on PPE, if indicated.
4. Identify the patient. Explain the procedure to the patient and instruct the patient about the need for monitoring blood glucose.
5. Close curtains around the bed and close the door to the room, if possible.
6. Turn on the monitor.
7. Enter the patient’s identifcation number or scan his or her identifcation bracelet, if required, according to facility policy.
8. Put on nonsterile gloves.
9. Prepare lancet using aseptic technique.
10. Remove test strip from the vial. Recap container immediately. Test strips also come individually wrapped. Check that the code number for the strip matches the code number on the monitor screen.
11. Insert the strip into the meter according to directions for that specifc device. Alternately, strip may be placed in meter after collection of sample on test strip, depending on meter in use.
12. Have the patient wash hands with skin cleanser and warm water and dry thoroughly. Alternately, cleanse the skin with an alcohol swab. Allow skin to dry completely.
13. Choose a skin site that is intact, warm and free of calluses and edema
14. Hold lancet perpendicular to skin and pierce skin with lancet.
15. Encourage bleeding by lowering the hand, making use of gravity. Lightly stroke the fnger, if necessary, until a suffcient amount of blood has formed to cover the sample area on the strip, based on monitor requirements (check instructions for monitor). Take care not to squeeze the fnger, not to squeeze at puncture site, or not to touch puncture site or blood.
16. Gently touch a drop of blood to the test strip without smearing it. Depending on meter in use, insert strip into meter after collection of sample on test strip.
17. Apply pressure to puncture site with a cotton ball or dry gauze. Do not use alcohol wipe.
18. Read blood glucose results and document the results in EHR or other designated location, based on facility policy. Inform patient of test result.
19. Turn off meter, remove test strip, and dispose of supplies appropriately. Place lancet in sharps container.
20. Remove gloves and any other PPE, if used. Perform hand hygiene
40
Cholesterol
: a molecule made with types of lipid molecules. Naturally produces in the liver
41
What vitamin aids in absorption of iron?
Vitamin C.
42
Sedation scores:
```
S = sleep, easy to arouse: no action necessary
1 = awake and alert; no action necessary
2 = occasionally drowsy but easy to arouse; requires no action
3 = frequently drowsy and drifts off to sleep during conversation; decrease the opioid dose
4 = somnolent with minimal or no response to stimuli; discontinue the opioid and consider use of naloxone
```
43
Modifiable risk factors
smoking, alcohol use, stress, obesity, physical inactivity, psychological factors
44
What does a Clear Liquid diet consist of?
consists of clear liquids — such as water, broth and plain gelatin — that are easily digested and leave no undigested residue in your intestinal tract.
45
BMI level
| pg. 1282
```
Underweight: below 18.5
normal weight: 18.5 – 24.9
Overweight: 25 – 29.9
Obese: 30 or more
Extreme obesity: 40 or more
```
46
Anorexia
eating disorder characterized by:
1. inability to maintain a minimally healthy body weight
2. An intense fear of gaining weight
3. Relentless dietary habits that prevent weight gain
4. Severe body image distortions.
47
Route of TPN: total parental nutrition
TPN is administered into a vein, generally through a PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) line, but can also be administered through a central line or port-a-cath.
48
What increases BMR: basal metabolic rate?
| pg. 1282
growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temps, elevated levels of certain hormones, especially epinephrine and thyroid hormones
49
Anabolism
small molecules are joined to form larger molecules
50
Analegsic
class of medications to specifically to relieve pain.
51
Pain Assessment tools
- Wong-Baker Faces: Circle drawing for faces for children
- Beyer Oucher Pain Scale: Actual photos of children faces
- CRIES pain Scale- Used for infants
- FLACC scale: Behavioral pain scale
- Comfort Scale: provides a pain rating between nine and 45 based on nine different parameters
52
4 Categories of HAIs
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
- Surgical site Infection (SSI)
- Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
53
3 sources of HAI
- exogenous- caused by other people
- endogenous- caused by organisms inside person
- iatrogenic- caused by treatment or diagnostic procedure
54
Devices that are common caused of HAI
- Urinary Catheter
| - Venous access catheter
55
Infection Cycle: 6 Components
1. INFECTIOS AGENT- Bacteria, viruses, fungi
2. RESERVOIR- natural habitat of the organism
3. PORTAL OF EXIT- point of exit for the organism (respiratory tract, oral tract, etc.)
4. MEANS OF TRANSMISSION- direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route
5. PORTALS OF ENTRY- point at which organisms enter a new host (inhalation, etc.)
6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST- must overcome resistance mounted by host's defenses
56
4 phases of infection development
1. INCUBATION PERIOD: bacteria infects host. no symptoms. 1-2 days
2. PRODROMAL STAGE: most infectious stage. symptoms are vague like fatigue and low grade fever. hours to days
3. FULL (ACUTE) stage of illness: All symptoms. you are sick
4. CONVALESCENT PERIOD: Recovery from infection
57
The practice of ASEPSIS includes activities to....
Prevent infection or break the chain of infection.
| - A nurse uses aseptic techniques to halt the spread of microorganisms and minimize the threat of infection.
58
2 Categories of Asepsis
1. Medical Asepsis, or clean technique. ex. Hand Hygiene or wearing gloves.
2. Surgical Asepsis, or sterile technique. ex. inserting IV or urinary catheter
59
5 Moments for hand washing
Moment 1 – Before touching a patient
Moment 2 – Before a clean or aseptic procedure
Moment 3 – After a body fluid exposure risk
Moment 4 – After touching a patient
Moment 5 – After touching patient surroundings
60
Hand Hygiene
- the most effective way to help prevent the spread of infectious agents.
- The term hand hygiene applies to either handwashing with plain soap and water, use of antiseptic handrubs including waterless alcohol-based products, or surgical hand antisepsis.
61
2 types of Bacterial Flora:
Transient: Attached loosely on skin, removed with ease
Resident: Found in creases in skin, required friction with brush to remove.
62
4 Routes of Transmission
1. Direct Contact: Kissing, touching, sex
2. Indirect contact: Contact with a (1) a vector: living creature that transmits it to a human or (2) an inanimate object, called a fomite like countertops.
3. Airborne Transmission: Coughing and sneezing
4. Droplet Transmission: transmission of particles greater than 5mcm
63
3 Types of LAW
1. Public Law: government is directly involved. Regulates individual and the government.
2. Private Law: Civil Law. Regulates relationships among people
3. Criminal Law: Concerns state and federal criminal statues. Defines criminal actions ex. murder or theft.
64
3 processes are used for credentialing in nursing:
1. Accreditation: the process by which an educational program is evaluated and recognized as having met certain standards.
2. Licensure: the process by which a state determines that a candidate meets certain minimum requirements to practice in the profession and grants a license to do so.
3. Certification: the process by which a person who has met certain criteria established by a nongovernmental association is granted recognition in a specified practice area.
65
Ethical Issues
- Ethical issues encountered by nurses in daily practice include cost-containment issues that jeopardize patient welfare, beginning and end-of-life decisions, breaches of patient confidentiality, and incompetent, unethical, or illegal practices of colleagues.
66
Privacy
Personal; Our RIGHT to control the intrusion of others into our lives; To disclose or not to disclose
- privacy is about people, confidentiality is about our duty to protect information
67
Confidentiality
Has both MORAL and LEGAL obligations
Uphold EXCEPT when harm could come to patient or others
May have to disclose due to LEGAL or LEGISLATIVE reasons (i.e. child abuse, infectious diseases, court order)
68
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
-a federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient's consent or knowledge.
69
Some rights under HIPAA
1. clients have a right to see and copy their health record;
2. to update their health record;
3. to get a list of the disclosures a health care institution has made independent of disclosures made for the purposes of treatment, payment, and health care operations;
4. to request a restriction on certain uses or disclosures;
5. to choose how to receive health information. The client may not make additions, cross out sections, or destroy the health record
70
: Defamation of character and the types
- Defamation of character: an intentional tort in which on party makes derogatory remarks about another that diminish the other party’s reputation,
2 types:
1. Slander: spoken defamation of character
2. Libel: written defamation of character
71
Principles of bioethics
1. Autonomy (self-determination): Respect the rights of patients or their surrogates to make health care decisions.
2. Nonmalficence: Avoid causing harm
3. Beneficence: Benefit the patient, and balance benefits against risks and harms
4. Justice: give each his or her due; act fairly
5. Fidelity: keep promises
72
Nurse Practice Act
- They are the primary source of rules of conduct for nurses.
- A copy of the Nurse Practice Act for the state in which a nurse practices can be obtained from that state's board of nursing.
- list the violations that can result in disciplinary actions against a nurse and also intend to prevent untrained or unlicensed people from practicing nursing.
- Nurse Practice Acts are examples of statutory law, enacted by a legislative body in keeping with both the federal constitution and the applicable state constitution
73
Factors the affect Personal Hygiene
- Culture -Socioeconomic Class
- Spiritual Practices - Developmental Level
- Health State - Personal Preferences
74
Questions to ask during Nursing Assessment
| / Skin Alterations
- How long have you had this problem
- Does it bother you?
- How does it bother you (itching)?
- Have you found anything helpful in relieving these symptoms?
75
Guidelines for assessing the skin
- use a good light source
- compare bilateral parts for symmetry
- Use standard terminology to report and record findings
- allow data obtained in the nursing history to direct the skin assessment
- Identify any variables known to cause skin problems.
76
Oral Cavity Assessment
- Lips: color, moisture, lumps, ulcers, lesions, and edema
- Buccal mucosa: color, moisture, lesions, nodules, and bleeding
- Color of the gums and surface of the gums: lesions, bleeding, and edema
- Teeth: any loose, missing, or carious (decayed) teeth. Note the presence and condition of dentures or other orthodontic devices
- Tongue: color, symmetry, movement, texture, and lesions
- Hard and soft palates: intactness, color, patches, lesions, and petechiae (pinpoint round, red, purple, or brown spots that result from bleeding)
- Oropharynx: movement of the uvula and condition of tonsils, if present
77
Pediculosis
| What are the three types of lice?
Infestation of Lice
- Pediculus Humanus Capitis: Lice infests hair and scalp
- Pediculus Humanus Corporis: Lice infests the body
- Phthirus Pubis: Lice infests shorter hairs. Pubic and Auxillary
78
Signs and symptoms of head lice
- Tickling feeling on scalp; itching; sores on the head caused by scratching.
- Irritability and difficulty sleeping (head lice are most active in the dark).
- Lice may be seen especially behind the ears and near the neckline at the back of the neck.
79
Treatment of head lice
- Apply a pediculicidea according to the manufacturer’s directions.
- Hats, scarves, pillowcases, bedding, clothing, and towels worn or used by the infested person in the 2-day period just before treatment is started can be machine washed and dried using the hot water and hot air cycles (lice and eggs are killed by 5 minutes of exposure to temperatures greater than 130°F)
- Items that cannot be laundered may be dry-cleaned or sealed in a plastic bag for 2 weeks.
- Soak combs and brushes in hot water (at least 130°F) for 5 to 10 minutes
80
Gait Belt
Device used for transferring patients and assisting with ambulation (an act or action like walking).
81
Three Types of Joints
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
82
Fibrous Joint Characteristics
- Synarthrosis (immovable)
- No joint cavity. Fibrous connective tissue between bones
- Example: Sutures between bones of the skull
83
Cartilaginous Joint Characteristics
- Amphiarthrosis ( Slightly Moveable)
- No joint Cavity. Cartilage between bones.
- Example: Pubic symphysis; joints between bodies of vertebrae.
84
Synovial Joint Characteristics
Diarthrosis ( Freely Movable)
- Joint cavity containing synovial fluid
- Gliding (carpal bones of wrist) , hinge (elbow), pivot (radius and ulna at the wrist), condyloid (joint connecting fingers to palms), saddle (metacarpal of thumb), ball-and-socket joints (hip joints).
85
Three Types of MUSCLES
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth or Visceral
86
Skeletal Muscle Purpose
Skeletal muscle works with tendons and bones to move the body
87
Cardiac Muscle Purpose
Cardiac muscle forms the bulk of the heart and produces the contractions that create the heartbeat.
88
Smooth Muscle Purpose
Smooth muscle forms the walls of the hollow organs (such as the stomach and intestines) and is in the walls of blood vessels and other hollow tubes (such as ureters) that connect internal organs.
89
5 Common Bed Positions
| TABLE 33-6
- FOWLER'S Position: seated in a semi-sitting position (45-60 degrees) and may have knees either bent or straight.
- SUPINE Position: Lying on back
- Side- Lying or LATERAL Position
- SIMS' Position: person lying on the left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent.
- PRONE Position: Lying on Front
* Trendelenburg Position: Laying on back feet above head.
90
4 types of Bone Classifications
- Long Bones: Upper and lower extremities
- Short Bones: Wrist and Ankle
- Flat Bones: Ribs and skull bones
- Irregular Bones: Spinal Column and Jaw
91
Neurons
Conduct impulses from one part of the body to another.
92
Afferent Nervous System
Conveys information to the Central Nervous System (CNS)
| - Info is processed by the CNS.
93
Efferent Neurons
Convey the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by way of the somatic nervous system
94
Back injuries for health care workers. common reasons
- Uncoordinated lifts
- Manual lifting and transferring of patients without assistive devices
- Lifting when fatigued or after recent back injury recovery
- Repetitive movements such as lifting, transferring, and repositioning patients
- Standing for long periods of time
- Transferring/repositioning uncooperative or confused patients
95
Functions of muscle
- Motion
- Support
- heat production
- Posture
96
Chronic Illness
- Disease have slow onset and may have periods of remission and exacerbation.
- ex. Diabetes Mellitus, Lung Disease, Arthritis, Lupus.
- -Requires special patient education for rehabilitation.
- Requires long period of care and support.
97
4 Stages of Illness Behavior
Stage 1= Experiencing symptoms
Stage 2= Assuming the sick role
Stage 3= Assuming the dependent role
Stage 4= Achieving recovery and rehabilitation.
98
Factors Influencing Health Disparities (Disadvantages)
- Racial -Mental Health
- Poverty -Disabilities
- Gender; age -Sexual Orientation
- Educational Level
- Health Insurance and access to health care
99
Factors Affecting Health and Illness
- Basic human needs
- self- concept
- the human dimensions
- risk factors for illness or injury
100
6 Human Dimensions (ESSPIE)
- ENVIRONMENTAL Dimension= Housing; sanitation; climate; pollution of air, food, and water
- SOCIOCULTURAL Dimension= Economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture.
- SPIRITUAL Dimension= Spiritual Beliefs and values.
- PHYSICAL Dimension= Genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race and gender.
- INTELLECTUAL Dimension= cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences
- EMOTIONAL Dimension= how the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions.
101
4 Models of Health and Illness
- The HEALTH BELIEF model: What people believe is true about their health
- The HEALTH PROMOTION model: How people react to the environment as they pursue their health
- The HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM: Measures a person's health on a gradual scale
- The AGENT HOST ENVIRONMENT model: Interaction with the agent and environment and constantly reacting.
102
Agent Host Environment Model (Leavell and Clark)
- Views the interaction btwn an external agent, a susceptible host, and the environment as causes of disease in a person.
- These 3 factors are constantly interacting and a combination of factors may increase the risk of illness.
- Use of this model is limited when dealing with infectious diseases.
- Traditional model that explains how certain factors place some people at risk for an infectious disease.
103
Stages of Change Model (5 steps)
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Determination
- Action
- Maintenance
104
The Health Illness Continuum
- Conceptualizes a persons level of health
- Views heath as a constantly changing state with high level health and death on both sides.
- illustrates the dynamic (ever changing) state of health as a person adapts to changes in internal and external environments to maintain a state of wellbeing.
105
The Health Belief Model (Rosenstock)
- Concerned with what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health
- Modifying factors for health include demographic, sociopsychological, and structural variables.
- Based on 3 components of individual perceptions of threat of a disease.
* Perceived susceptibility to a disease
* Perceived seriousness of a disease
* Perceived benefits of action
106
The Health Promotion Model (Pender)
- how people interact with their environment as they pursue health
- incorporated individual characteristics and experiences and behaviors- specific knowledge and beliefs, to motivate health promoting behaviors.
- Personal, biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are predictive of a certain health related habit.
- Health related behaviors throughout life is the outcome of the model
107
Revised Health Promotion Model
| - 3 additional variables
- Activity related affect
- Commitment to plan of action
- Immediate competing demands and preferences.
108
Risk factors for illness
- age
- genetic factors
- health habits
- lifestyle
- environment
- physiologic factors
109
Physiological Needs
- Oxygen: Most Essential
- Water/ Food/ Elimination
- Temperature
- Sexuality
- Physical Activity/ Rest
110
Safety and Security Needs
- Have both physical and emotional components
| - Being protected from potential or actual harm
111
Love and belonging Needs
A higher level need
- understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love.
- Feeling of belonging to a group
- unmet needs produce feelings of loneliness and isolation
112
Self-Esteem Needs
Need for a person to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment, and to believe that others also respect and appreciate those accomplishments.
- Positive self esteem = confidence and independence.
113
Self Actualization Needs
- Acceptance of self and others as they are.
Respect for all people
- focus interest on problems outside oneself
-Feeling happiness and affection for others
-can tell difference btwn good and evil.
-Creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests.
114
Types of Family Structures
- Family: Group of people who live together. Depended on physical, emotional, and financial support.
Nuclear Family: traditional. two parents and their children
-Extended Family: aunts, uncles, grandparents
-Blended Family: two parents and their unrelated children from previous relationships.
-Single-parent Family: separated, divorced, widowed, or never married.
115
Types of Family Functions
- Physical: Environment
- Economic: Financial Support
- Reproductive: Raising Children
- Affective and Coping: Support System
- Socialization: Beliefs and Values
116
4 Family Stages
- Couple and family with young children
- Family with adolescents and young adults
- Family with middle aged adults
- Family with older adults.
117
Risk Factors for altered Family Health
- Lifestyle risk factor
- Psychosocial risk factors: conflict btwn family members. both parents work and inadequate child care.
- Environmental risk factors: air, water, food pollution. work and social pressures.
- Developmental risk factors: young mothers with no resources, older adults living alone.
- Biologic risks: Birth defects, intellectual disabilities
118
Community Factors Affecting Health
- Social Support Systems
- Community Health care structures
- Economic Resources
- Environmental Factors
119
Four Blended Competencies of Nursing
* Cognitive : Knowledge
* Technical : Tools we use
* Interpersonal : Communication
* Ethical/Legal : Laws of the state
120
QSEN Competencies
* Patient-centered care
* Teamwork and collaboration
* Quality improvement
* Safety
* Evidence-based practice
* Informatics : Charting Systems
121
Types of reasoning
* Deductive reasoning—examines general ideas and considers specific actions or ideas
* Inductive reasoning—builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas
122
PICOT
```
P = patient, population, or problem of interest
I = intervention of interest
C = comparison of interest
O = outcome of interest
T = time
```
