Final

Question 1

What best describes how an immunoassay interacts in a blood serum

Answer 1

It recognizes the 3D shape of a specific molecule

Question 2

When electrons are shared between two atoms outer electron shells, what kind of bond forms

Answer 2

a covalent bond

Question 3

How does the formation of a covalent bond occur?

Answer 3

by the overlap of two atoms electron orbitals

Question 4

When a compound forms because an electron or electron is transferred from one element to another, it is referred to as what type of compound?

Answer 4

ionic

Question 5

Briefly describe the term valance electron

Answer 5

a single electron (or one electron out of a pair) in the outer shell of an atom that is responsible for the chemical properties of the atom

Question 6

how does the Lewis Theory explain the loss or gain of electrons in an ionic bond?

Answer 6

atoms are attempting to achieve a stable noble gas or “octet” electron configuration

Question 7

What do the valance shells of all the noble gas elements have in common

Answer 7

all have 8 electrons

Question 8

As you move from the top to the bottom of the periodic table, what happens to the electronegativity of the elements

Answer 8

it decreases

Question 9

How is the Br-H bond categorized?

Answer 9

polar covalent bond

Question 10

Non polar covalent bonds

Answer 10

-occurs when the electronegativity of both atoms is equal

Question 11

polar covalent bonds

Answer 11

-occurs when the difference in electronegativity is between .4 and 1.9

Question 12

What is the electronegativity difference between the C-O bond? (C- 2.5, O- 3.5)

Answer 12

1.0

Question 13

Many organic compounds have numerous C-H bonds. What is the average difference in electronegativity in one of them? (C- 2.5 ,H- 2.1)

Answer 13

0.4

Question 14

How many bonds does carbon normally form?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

How is ethane best represented by a lewis structure?

Answer 15

2 carbons that are bonded (C-C) with 3 bonds attached to each carbon

Question 16

What is the formula for an alkane with ten carbons, decane

Answer 16

C10H22

Question 17

Propane C3H8 is best represented by which lewis structure?

Answer 17

2 zig zag lines

Question 18

Draw lweis structure for ethene C2H2 (a.k.a ethylene). How many double bonds does it have?

Answer 18

1

Question 19

How many bonds does each carbon atom in an alkene normally have?

Answer 19

2 (double-bonded carbon and 2 single bonded elements)

Question 20

meth-

Answer 20

1 carbon

Question 21

eth-

Answer 21

2 carbons

Question 22

prop-

Answer 22

3 carbons

Question 23

but-

Answer 23

4 carbons

Question 24

pent-

Answer 24

5 carbons

Question 25

hex-

Answer 25

6 carbons

Question 26

hept-

Answer 26

7 carbons

Question 27

oct-

Answer 27

8 carbons

Question 28

non-

Answer 28

9 carbons

Question 29

dec-

Answer 29

10 carbons

Question 30

alkanes

Answer 30

single bond

Question 31

alkenes

Answer 31

double bonded carbon

Question 32

alkynes

Answer 32

triple bonded carbon

Question 33

How many carbon atoms should be in the molecule pentyne

Answer 33

5

Question 34

How many carbon atoms should be in the molecule octanol

Answer 34

8

Question 35

Ketone

Answer 35

R-(O=C)-R

Question 36

Ketone end in

Answer 36

-one

Question 37

alkanes end in

Answer 37

-ane

Question 38

alkenes end in

Answer 38

-ene

Question 39

alkynes end in

Answer 39

-yne

Question 40

cycloalkanes

Answer 40

make rings (all elements are bonded to each other like a circle) (each point is a carbon)

Question 41

cycloalkanes begin with

Answer 41

cyclo (wit prefix (meth, but, eth) before the cyclo)

Question 42

ether

Answer 42

R-O-R

Question 43

ether compounds end in

Answer 43

oxy

Question 44

Esters

Answer 44

R-O-(C=O)-R

Question 45

esters end in

Answer 45

-yl

Question 46

alcohol

Answer 46

R-OH

Question 47

alcohols end in

Answer 47

-ol

Question 48

aldehyde

Answer 48

R-(C=O)-H

Question 49

aldehydes end in

Answer 49

-al

Question 50

carboxylic acid

Answer 50

R-(C=O)-OH

Question 51

carboxylic acid end in

Answer 51

-oic acid

Question 52

A double bonded alcohol compound with 4 carbons is called

Answer 52

methenol

Question 53

COCl2 is an example of what type of electron-domain

Answer 53

tetrahedral

Question 54

PF3 is an example of what type of electron-domian

Answer 54

trigonal pyramidal (<109.5)

Question 55

a tetrahedral is bent at what angle

Answer 55

109.5

Question 56

linear angle

Answer 56

180

Question 57

Trigonal planar angle

Answer 57

120

Question 58

SO3 is an example of what type of electron-domian

Answer 58

Trigonal planar

Question 59

Solid

Answer 59

definite shape and definite volume, not compressible

Question 60

Liquids

Answer 60

have no definite shape but do have a definite volume, able to flow

Question 61

Gases

Answer 61

have no definite shape or volume. molecules very far apart (highly compressible)

Question 62

Mixture

Answer 62

blending two or more "pure substances with variable composition

Question 63

Pure substance

Answer 63

the components cannot be separated by any physical means (distilation etc.)

Question 64

Elements

Answer 64

the simplest type of substance with unique physical and chemical properties. Consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any means (physical or chemical)

Question 65

Compounds

Answer 65

structures that consist of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together and thus behave as an independent unit (ex. CO2)

Question 66

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 66

has the same properties and composition throughout the sample (ie. Salt water or brine is an aqueous homogeneous)

Question 67

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 67

consists of two or more phases of variable composition that differ in properties (ie. water floating in oil)

Question 68

Who created the periodic table

Answer 68

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 69

What are the three element classification

Answer 69

Metals, Nonmetals and metalloids

Question 70

Metals Physical properties

Answer 70

- conduct heat/electricity -solid (often hard except Hg) -Metallic luster or shine -Malleability (sheets) and ductility (wires)

Question 71

Metals chemical properties

Answer 71

-released electrons to form cations

Question 72

Nonmetals physical properties

Answer 72

-often gases (Br is a liquid) - do not conduct -brittle solids, dull appearance - S, I, C, P (solids)

Question 73

Nonmetals Chemical properties

Answer 73

-react with metals -gain electron to form anions

Question 74

Metalloids physical properties

Answer 74

-solids -semiconductors - ie. Si can conduct electricity at hight temps

Question 75

Metalloids chemical properties

Answer 75

-form a variety of ionic, electron-deficient compounds

Question 76

Which of the following states of matter is generally considered the most ordered?

Answer 76

solids

Question 77

Cu

Answer 77

Copper

Question 78

Ag

Answer 78

Silver

Question 79

Au

Answer 79

Gold

Question 80

Fe

Answer 80

Iron

Question 81

chemical properties

Answer 81

substance's potential to react with some other substances in its environment (ie. flammability, corrosiveness etc.)

Question 82

Physical properties

Answer 82

properties measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance (ie. boiling point, freezing point)

Question 83

Chemical changes

Answer 83

matter undergoes chemical changes to produce new substances

Question 84

Types of chemical changes

Answer 84

-iron rusting -burning wood -metabolism -cooking an egg -baking a cake -electroplating -rotting banana -vinegar and baking soda solution -fireworks -chemical battery

Question 85

physical changes

Answer 85

changes of a substance between different forms of matter

Question 86

Physical changes examples

Answer 86

-crushing a can -melting an ice cube -boiling water -mixing sand and water -breaking glass -dissolving sugar in water -shredding paper -chopping wood -mixing green and red marbles -sublimation of dry ice

Question 87

denisty =

Answer 87

mass / volume

Question 88

density

Answer 88

ratio of an objects mass to its volume

Question 89

atomic theory

Answer 89

-all matter is made up of tiny, invisible particles called atoms -atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or transformed into other atoms in a chemical reaction -all atoms of a given element are identical -atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds

Question 90

the law of multiple proportions

Answer 90

any time two or more elements combine in different ration, different compounds are formed

Question 91

what is Ernest rutherford known for

Answer 91

the gold foil experiment

Question 92

what are the three subatomic particles

Answer 92

electrons, neurons and protons

Question 93

what are the 4 orbitals

Answer 93

s, p, d, f

Question 94

Which orbital has the most energy

Answer 94

f

Question 95

Which orbital has the least energy

Answer 95

s

Question 96

s orbitals are (blank) shaped

Answer 96

spherically

Question 97

p orbitals are (blank) shaped

Answer 97

dumbell

Question 98

Group 1 (column 1) is what group

Answer 98

alkali metals

Question 99

Group 2 (column 2) is what group

Answer 99

alkaline earth metals

Question 100

group 17 (column 17) is what group

Answer 100

halogens

Question 101

group 18 (column 18) is what group

Answer 101

noble gas

Question 102

covalent bond

Answer 102

2 non metals

Question 103

ionic bonds

Answer 103

have 1 metal and 1 nonmetal

Question 104

valance bond theory

Answer 104

predicts that two nonmetals atoms will share electron in a covalent bond when there atomic orbitals overlap