Final

Question 1

Father of tragedy

Answer 1

Aeschylus

Question 2

Father of modern acting

Answer 2

Stanislavski

Question 3

Theater that is not observed through an electronic medium.

Answer 3

Nonmediated or live theater

Question 4

Permanent, professional, nonprofit theaters, offering first class productions to their audiences

Answer 4

Regional theaters

Question 5

Semi professional and experienced amateur groups that present please that appeal to their specific audiences

Answer 5

Community theater

Question 6

Theater presented in a nontraditional setting so that the chosen environment helps illuminate the text

Answer 6

Site specific theater

Question 7

A contraction of costume, and play that combines role-playing, costume, in, and social interactions through the Internet, or at conventions

Answer 7

Cosplaying

Question 8

To overcome perceived limitations of realistic theater, this strand of modern theater departs from realism via non-realistic or anti-realistic presentations. It often uses symbolism, nonlinear, narrative, dream, imagery, and other ways to avoid realistic representation.

Answer 8

Departures from realism

Question 9

The founder of modern realistic drama

Answer 9

Henrick Ibsen

Question 10

The creator of Hedda Gabler

Answer 10

Ibsen

Question 11

Special form of realism developed in Europe in the late 19th century; it was not carefully plotted or constructed, but was meant to present a slice of life. Ibsen, Strindberg, and Chekhov

Answer 11

Naturalism

Question 12

The most influential of the late 19th century theater dedicated to realism

Answer 12

Moscow Art Theater

Question 13

Movement of the late 19th century and early 20th century that sought to express inner truth, rather than represent life realistically

Answer 13

Symbolism

Question 14

Movement in Germany at about the time of World War I characterized by an attempt to dramatize subjective states through distortion; striking, often grotesque images; and lyric, an unrealistic dialogue

Answer 14

Expressionism

Question 15

Art movement that began in Italy around 1909, that idealized mechanization and machinery. Opposite of expressionist who opposed war

Answer 15

Futurism

Question 16

Departure from realism that attempted to present dramatically the working of the subconscious. Many of their plays seem to be set in a dreamworld , mixing recognizable and fantastic events

Answer 16

Surrealism

Question 17

Single, setting, that can represent a variety of locales with a simple addition of properties or a scenic elements

Answer 17

Unit set

Question 18

Exposing the elements of theater to make the audience members aware that they are watching theater.

Answer 18

Theatricalism

Question 19

Meyerholds theory that are performers body should be machine like and that emotion could be represented externally

Answer 19

Biomechanics

Question 20

Post-world war, one scene design movement in which sets frequently composed of rams, platforms, and levels – we’re not realistic and were intended to provide greater opportunities for physical action

Answer 20

Constructivism

Question 21

Antonin Artauds visionary concept of a theater, based on magic and ritual, which would liberate deep, violet, and erotic impulses

Answer 21

Theater of cruelty

Question 22

Form of drama associated with Bertolt Brecht and aimed at the intellect rather than the emotions in order to affect social change

Answer 22

Epic theater

Question 23

Term applied to plays illustrating a philosophy, who is modern advocate, was Jean Paul Sartre , and which holds that there are no longer any fix standards or values

Answer 23

Existentialism

Question 24

Term applied to the works of certain play rights of the 1950s in the 1960s, who expressed a similar point of view regarding the absurdity in futility of the human condition and believe that they should be reflected in the dramatic action

Answer 24

Theater of the absurd

Question 25

Nonliterary or unscripted, theatrical event, using a scenario that allows for change occurrences

Answer 25

Happening

Question 26

The use of electronic or digital media, such as projections, films, video, or computer animation in life, theatrical presentations

Answer 26

Multimedia

Question 27

A type of theatrical production in which the total environment – the stage space, and the audience organization – is transformed in order to blur distinctions between performers in spectators

Answer 27

Environmental theater

Question 28

Term coined by Jerzy Grotowski to describe his theater, which was stripped to the bare essentials of actor an audience

Answer 28

Poor theatre

Question 29

This strand of modern theater, combines various theatrical trends, or works across boundaries or different trends

Answer 29

Eclecticism

Question 30

Spoken (as opposed to sung)portion of the text of a musical play

Answer 30

Book

Question 31

A strand of modern theater that involves the mutual influences of theater from around the world

Answer 31

Globalization

Question 32

Experimental theater that initially incorporated elements of dance in the visual arts. Since performance art often is based on the vision of an individual performer or director rather than a playwright, the autobiographical monologue has become a popular performance art form. 

Answer 32

Performance art

Question 33

Contemporary concept suggesting that artist and audiences have gone beyond the modernist movement of realism and departures of realism

Answer 33

Postmodernism

Question 34

Term meaning that there is no text in a traditional sense with a dialogue written by a dramatist; rather, there is a scenario created by director or an ensemble, which is then usually expanded through improvisation

Answer 34

Non- text- based theater

Question 35

Short agit- prop dramas about the lives of Chicano workers 

Answer 35

Actos

Question 36

A term meaning agitation – propaganda, referring to place with a strong, social or political agenda

Answer 36

Agit-prop

Question 37

Term encompassing different types of drama that presented material in the fashion or journalism of reporting period drama that is supposedly based on factual occurrences and materials

Answer 37

Documentary drama, (or theater of fact)

Question 38

The audience is desire to believe in the reality of what is happening onstage

Answer 38

Willing suspension of disbelief

Question 39

The separation of audience member from the performance of artwork to experience it, aesthetic qualities

Answer 39

Aesthetic distance

Question 40

The audience plays an active role in someway, often moving through a performance space, sometimes even choosing where they go within that space, and what they say and do. Many immersive productions, use transformed, redesigned space, as well as require the audience member to engage in a complete sensory experience 

Answer 40

Immersive theater

Question 41

Oldest and best-known genres are:

Answer 41

Tragedy and comedy

Question 42

• Tragic Heroes and Heroines • A person of stature—king, queen, general • Stand as symbols of an entire culture or society • Trapped in a fateful web of tragic circumstances • Tragic Circumstances • Tragic Irretrievability • Acceptance of Responsibility • Tragic Verse • The Effect of Tragedy

Answer 42

Traditional tragedy

Question 43

• No queens or kings as central figures • Written in prose rather than poetry • Probe the same depths and ask the same questions

Answer 43

Modern tragedy

Question 44

_____ definition of tragedy: Attractively is a dramatic imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude

Answer 44

Aristotles

Question 45

• Serious drama that has heroic or noble characters and certain other traits of classic tragedy • Has a happy ending • Assumes a basically optimistic worldview even if the hero or heroine dies at the end

Answer 45

Heroic drama

Question 46

• Deals with people from everyday life instead of kings, queens, and nobility • Common themes are: • Problems of society • Struggles within a family • Dashed hopes • Renewed determination

Answer 46

Domestic drama

Question 47

• Suspension of Natural Laws • The Comic Premise (its so absurd it can’t happen) • contrast between individuals in the social order

Answer 47

Comedy

Question 48

Anything that amuses, movement from unhappiness to happy, or action that excites joy: writing or playing which provokes laughter from the audience based on their recognition of incongruities, in their characters, situation, or line.

Answer 48

Aristotles definition of comedy

Question 49

• Thrives on exaggeration • Has no intellectual pretensions • Aims are entertainment and laughter • Has excessive plot complications • Humor results from ridiculous situations as well as pratfalls and horseplay

Answer 49

Farce (comedy)- been around the longest

Question 50

• Relies on knockabout physical humor, gross exaggeration, and occasional vulgarity • Historically, it was a ludicrous imitation of other forms of drama

Answer 50

Burlesque (comedy)

Question 51

• Uses wit, especially sophisticated language; irony; and exaggeration to expose or attack evil and foolishness

Answer 51

Satire (comedy)

Question 52

• Usually deals with family situations • Found in TV situation comedies

Answer 52

Domestic comedy

Question 53

influential Roman writer of architecture who was read and studied extensively by Renaissance. He wrote De Architectura

Answer 53

Vitruvius

Question 54

First modern director

Answer 54

Duke of Saxe Meiningen

Question 55

being stylistically accurate, then decorative, as to stage historicism. (Meiningens way of realism)

Answer 55

Antiquarianism

Question 56

careful control of stage crowds had been tried before, but not too successful. (Meiningens way of realism)

Answer 56

Groupings and crowds

Question 57

previous systems such as the star system and scenic practices made unity difficult. Made his own designs( Meiningens way of realism)

Answer 57

Unity

Question 58

got rid of the star and made them abide by his rules. Got rid of ego. Saved money. (Meiningens way of realism)

Answer 58

Rejection of star sustem

Question 59

was a private theatre that could only be attended by subscription.

Answer 59

Andre Antoine and Theatre Libre

Question 60

Antonin seeks 4 things

Answer 60

1) Improvement of the repertory 2) First example of an “art” theatre-eclectic 3) Popularization of realistic acting “a work that is true must be played truly.” 4) Creation of realistic directorial styles

Question 61

_______was an amateur actor/director. _______ is considered to be the “Father of Modern Acting.” Good at observing ppl

Answer 61

Stanislavski

Question 62

felt one should place form over content and precise workmanship -He praised purely decorative art – art needs no meaning.

Answer 62

Oscar Wilde. Aesthetic movement

Question 63

-They produce plays for and about Ireland. -Yeats believed acting should be static, with concentration of the “sound of the human voice.” Lines sometime chanted or sung.

Answer 63

William Butler Yeats and Lady Gregory founded Irish Theatre

Question 64

not associated to one movement or “ism” but rather dealt with many. -He begins in realism, but felt it unrewarding. -Symbolist, and later expressionist -His main objective was unity of play, setting and action; that the actor be emphasized in this setting. The actor is center and not the trickery of the staging.

Answer 64

Adolphe Appia

Question 65

Major design considerations for Appia

Answer 65

1) light 2) vertical shapes 3) low flights of steps 4) lighting is key throughout 5) actor center of all

Question 66

He wanted to save theatre from itself. -Much like Appia but felt a need to move away from actor to a stage of movement and mass.

Answer 66

Edwin Craig

Question 67

Major design considerations for Craig

Answer 67

1) movement 2) color 3) light 4) mass 5) symbol 6) all one and same

Question 68

it celebrated images of motion (machines, cyclist, industrial workers) and used the shapes of machines, industry and early aerodynamics. -Movement was heavy into politics which led it toward Fascism. -Celebrated war, modernism, materials and machines. Filippo Martinetti

Answer 68

Futurism

Question 69

founded by Tristan Tzara. was chosen from French dictionary at random; and is baby talk in French for anything to do with horses. Most negative. were disgusted by a world that could produce global war.

Answer 69

Dada

Question 70

began around 1924 by André Breton -Breton worked in a mental ward during WWI and also was a big fan of Sigmund Freud. makes the subconscious mind the source of the artist most significant perception.

Answer 70

Surrealism

Question 71

most promising surrealist playwright

Answer 71

Jean Cocteau

Question 72

Jean Cocteau work

Answer 72

The Ox on the Roof Orpheus The Infernal Machine

Question 73

members of this new movement saw an internal truth with all the clarity of nightmare, and presented their plays with sharp angles, garish colors and shocking angles. Major movement

Answer 73

Expressionism

Question 74

1) they approved (sort of) realism and naturalism 2) fundamental truth found in man – his soul, his desires, his vision 3) sought a world free of war and hate

Answer 74

Rules of Expressionism

Question 75

1) message centered 2) action of play takes place in form of a search,pilgrimage 3) central character is most often Christ-like- epitomizes social attitudes 4) sought to reduce each element to essentials a) plot – argument b) characters – the Son, the Man, the Wife. c) dialogue – frequently reduced to one or two word sentences. 5) distortion is evident in every element (events are bizarre) 6) sharp contrast – dialogue; characters; realistic scenes fade into dream visions. 7) dreamlike fantasy and magic 8) message in a nightmare or vision

Answer 75

What the sought in expressionist plays

Question 76

From Morn to Midnight & Gas I - George Kaiser Man and the Masses – Ernest Toller R.U.R. – Karl Capek Adding Machine – Elmer Rice

Answer 76

Plays and Playwright of expressionism

Question 77

he formed a theory known as biomechanics

Answer 77

Vsevolod Meyerhold

Question 78

1) rid oneself of unproductive, useless movement 2) rhythm 3) correct positioning of body center 4) stability

Answer 78

Made Rules of Biomechanics

Question 79

(Meyerhold) wanted the setting to be machine like with no wasted space or useless detail. Practical rather than decorative

Answer 79

Constructivism