Final

Question 0

What keeps the trachea from collapsing?

Answer 0

Cartilage

Question 1

How is the respiratory rate affected with hypoxia and hypercapnia?

Answer 1

Increased respirations

Question 2

What prevents friction between the pleural membrane

Answer 2

Pleural fluid (serus fluid)

Question 3

Tidal volume

Answer 3

Normal respiration

Question 4

Which bronchi is more likely to be occluded with aspiration

Answer 4

Right side because it’s bigger ( has 3 bronchi) (left has only 2)

Question 5

Normal Ph. What values indicate resp. Acidosis and alkalosis.

Answer 5

Normal: 7.35-7.45
Acidosis: lower than 7.35
Alkalosis: higher than 7.45

Question 6

What sweeps mucus and pathogens out of the larynx and trachea

Answer 6

Cilia

Question 7

How would the lungs respond to compensate for metabolic acidosis

Answer 7

Increase respiration to release co2

Question 8

Where does has exchange occur

Answer 8

Alveoli

Question 9

What is the primary chemical that regulates respiration in a healthy person

Answer 9

Co2

Question 10

What surrounds the alveoli

Answer 10

Capillarys

Question 11

Path of air flow

Answer 11

Nose-mouth-pharynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli

Question 12

What is the purpose of the cough reflex

Answer 12

To remove irritants

Question 13

What are chemoreceptors and where are they located

Answer 13

Chemoreceptors are changes in co2 and o2. 
Located in Brian (detects o2)
And body (peripheral detects co2) (coroided and aortic bodies)

Question 14

Mediastinum

Answer 14

Area between lungs where heart is

Question 15

Pleural effusion

Answer 15

Build up of fluid in pleural space. Between visceral and parietal pleural
Tx: thoracentesis

Question 16

Different blood types

Answer 16

A.B.AB.O.RH+
Donor: O-
Receiver: AB+

Question 17

What is a thrombus

Answer 17

Blood clot on blood vessel. Forms on ruff area on vessel

Question 18

Process of clotting. What mineral is needed. what is a clot made of

Answer 18

Process: platelets-prothrombin-thrombin-fibrinogen-FIBRIN

Needs calcium

Question 19

what blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.

Answer 19

Pulmonary artery

Question 20

What is produced by red bone marrow?

Answer 20

RBC, WBC and platelets

Question 21

Lymphocytes

Answer 21

WBC that recognize foreign antigens and make antibodies

Question 22

What types of cell is the precursor to all type of blood cells

Answer 22

Stem cell

Question 23

What is lymph and where does if flow

Answer 23

Fluid that flows through the lymphatic system

Question 24

Lymph nodes and where are they located

Answer 24

Cluster of lymph tissue that preform phagocytosis, lymphocytes and macrgocytes Located: cervical, inganal, thoracic and auxiliary

Question 25

How does the spleen process old RBCs

Answer 25

By forming billy Rubin

Question 26

What is hypoxemia and how do the kidneys compensate

Answer 26

Low o2 in blood. So kidneys secret erythropoietin to stimulate RBC

Question 27

What blood vessels supply the myocardium

Answer 27

Both coronary arteries

Question 28

What is the cardiac cycle

Answer 28

Atria contracts then ventricles

Question 29

Sac surrounding the heart and what prevents friction rub

Answer 29

Pericardium and pericardium fluid

Question 30

Path of blood flow

Answer 30

Lungs (right side) | Body (left side)

Question 31

What prevents back flow of blood from the pulmonary artery and aorta into the ventricles

Answer 31

Semilunar valves. ( both pulmonary and aortic)

Question 32

Normal heart sounds and what causes it

Answer 32

Lib dub ( s1 and s2) S1 ( closure of AV) S2 (closure of SV)

Question 33

ANH

Answer 33

Atrial natriuretic hormone Atria releases ANH when heart is stretched - to stimulate kidneys - to eliminate water and sodium. -decreases bp and strain on heart

Question 34

Electrical conduct through heart

Answer 34

SA node - AV node - bundle of his - perkunjie fibers

Question 35

Systole

Answer 35

Contraction of heart

Question 36

Diastole

Answer 36

Relaxation of heart

Question 37

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 37

Hardening of arteries. Loss of elasticity

Question 38

Endocarditis

Answer 38

Inflammation of inner lining of the heart

Question 39

Hypothalamus

Answer 39

In brain above pituitary

Question 40

Anterior/posterior Pituitary gland

Answer 40

In brain, hangs from hypothalamus (master gland)

Question 41

Pineal gland

Answer 41

Brian

Question 42

Thyroid gland

Answer 42

Neck

Question 43

Parathyroid gland

Answer 43

On neck, behind the thyroid gland

Question 44

Thymus gland

Answer 44

Upper thorax

Question 45

Adrenal gland

Answer 45

Top of kidneys

Question 46

Pancreas

Answer 46

Abdomen , behind stomach

Question 47

Ovaries

Answer 47

Uterus

Question 48

Testes

Answer 48

Scrotum

Question 49

Hormones

Answer 49

Chemical messengers

Question 50

What's the master gland

Answer 50

Pituitary gland

Question 51

What are glucocorticoids

Answer 51

Cortisol , from adrenal cortex. Increases blood sugar and is an anti inflammatory

Question 52

What are mineralocorticoids

Answer 52

Aldosterone in adrenal cortex. Effects electrolyte imbalance, sodium reabsorption and decreases potassium

Question 53

What hormone increases the rate of cell division

Answer 53

Growth hormones

Question 54

What hormone maintain normal blood pressure by maintaining blood volume

Answer 54

ADH and Aldosterone ADH reabsorbs water Aldosterone retains sodium

Question 55

What hormone increases blood glucose

Answer 55

Glucagon (alpha cells)

Question 56

What hormone decreases blood glucose

Answer 56

Insulin (beta cells) | Helps sugar be used for energy

Question 57

What hormone increases and decreases blood calcium levels

Answer 57

Increase: PTH Decrease: calcitonin

Question 58

How is body temp regulated

Answer 58

By the hypothalamus. Vasoconstriction : keeps heat Vasodilation: sweat and keeps cool

Question 59

What layer of skin does mitosis takes place

Answer 59

Stratum germinative

Question 60

2 types of sweat glands

Answer 60

Eccrine (regulates temp)(forehead, palms, feet) | Apocrine (under arm and genital area) ( stressful situations)

Question 61

2 substances produced when uv rays strike the skin

Answer 61

Vit. D, melanin

Question 62

Purpose of subcutaneous adipose tissue

Answer 62

Heat, energy, cushion

Question 63

3 layers if skin

Answer 63

Epidermis Dermis SQ

Question 64

Protein that thickens, waterproofs and protects skin

Answer 64

Keratin

Question 65

What gives dermis strength

Answer 65

Collegen

Question 66

Virulence

Answer 66

Ability for a pathogen to cause disease

Question 67

Sterilization

Answer 67

Destroying all microorganisms and spores

Question 68

Transient flora

Answer 68

Normal bacteria on the body for a short amount of time

Question 69

Secondary infection

Answer 69

Infections caused by a primary infection

Question 70

Contagious

Answer 70

Ability to spread form one person to another

Question 71

What organ systems the protect body against pathogens

Answer 71

Skin and lymphatic

Question 72

Hypercapnia

Answer 72

High co2