Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things; and new cells arise from existing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How would you be able to recognize a prokaryotic cell?

A

Generally are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells and don’t have a nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cells enclose their DNA in a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Nucleus do

A

contains DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

A

The nucleus is contained in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What organelle breaks down other organelles and other cells?

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cell converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that can be used easily by the cell

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which two organelles are involved in energy conversion?

A

MItochondria and Chroloplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the cell wall different from the cell membrane?

A

all cells have a cell membrane but not all cells have a cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what structure makes proteins are where are these made?

A

nucleolus is the structure makes ribosomes that make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what organelles stores salts and water?

A

vesicles and vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what organelle modifies and sorts proteins?

A

golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the primary function of a cell membrane?

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell and supports and protects the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where are protein synthesizers made and where are most of them located?

A

Nucleolus Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the largest structure in a plant cell?

A

vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

passive transport

A

The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diffusion

A

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels (carrier molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

isotonic solution

A

The concentration of the solute molecules is the same inside and outside the cell-water moves equally in both directions-cell remains the same, no change-no change in osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hypertonic solution

A

solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell
-water moves out of the cell
-the cell will shrink/shrivel bc loss of water
-loss of osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hypotonic solution

A

the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell-water moves into the cell-the cell will swell/burst bc of water gain-increase in osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

active transport

A

the movement of molecules against a concentration difference from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Endocytosis

A

a vesicle forms that large molecules, clumps of food or complete cells can be surrounded by and then forms a vacuole to pull the item into the cell. (bulk transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Exocytosis
the forcing out of substances from the cell membrane using vacuoles and vesicles
26
phagocytosis
large solids are taken into the cell
27
pinocytosis
large liquids are taken in the cell
28
tissue
group of similar cells that perform a similar function
29
organ
a group of tissues that work together
30
organ system
group of organs that work to complete the system
31
receptor-
to respond a cell must have a receptor that the signal binds to
32
what has to be true for diffusion to happen?
equilibrium has to be reached, permeability
33
what term do you use to describe no change in solution concentration level in the cell or solution?
isotonic
34
ATP consists of
adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups
35
Energy is going to be released when the bond between the BLANK + BLANK phosphate gorups is broken thus creating BLANK
senond + third, ADP
36
photo-synthetic pigments
light absorbing moelecules
37
chlorophyll pigments are in the BLANK
thylakoid membranes
38
Chlorophyll absorbs BLANK energy causing the electrons to become BLANK
light, energized
39
NADP+
a compound that can accept a pair of high energy energy electrons and transfer them along with most of their energy, to another molecule.
40
What is Photosynthesis?
uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy 6 carbon sugars and oxygen
41
Photosynthesis equation balanced
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
42
light-dependent reactions (LDR)-
uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH
43
Chemiosmosis
movement of the H+ ion across the membrane causes the ATP synthase to spin and bind a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP.
44
Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
ATP and NADPH from LD is used to create high energy sugars in the stroma of the chloroplast
45
calorie-
Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C
46
cells prefer to break down bonds gradually and use the stored energy to produce other compounds like
ATP
47
cellular respiration formula
C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
48
stages of cellular respiration in order
glycolysis krebs cycle electron transport
49
pathways that require oxygen are
aerobic
50
gylcolysis
glucose is transformed into pyruvic acid
51
atp production gives a net gain of ___
2 ATP per molecule of glucose
52
Glycolysis produces ___ ATP , ___ NADH , ___ Pyruvic acid
2,2,2
53
Krebs cycle-
pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. oxygen has to be present
54
ATP = ___ % total energy in glucose
38
55
ATP from glycolysis
2
56
__ ATP from krebs cycle
2
57
___ ATP from ETC
34
58
In fermentation BLANK is regenerated so glycolysis can continue
NAD+
59
What are the 2 forms of Fermentaion?
Alcoholic and Lactic acid
60
If a cell becomes too large the cell membrane can't
get rid of wastes or bring in enough materials like food
61
The cell copies all DNA so each cell has BLANK amount of original DNA.
the same
62
BLANK provides genetic diversity for the continuation of a species.
Sexual reproduction
63
In BLANK the offspring is genetically identical to the single parent, no exchange of DNA information so no genetic diversity.
Asexual reproduction
64
What is the G1 phase?
Cell growth, centrioles duplicate
65
What is the S phase?
DNA replication
66
What is the G2 phase?
preparation for cell divison (mitosis)
67
G1, S, G2, M?-Increases in size-Cells make new proteins and organelles-Centrioles are duplicated-Intense growth and activity
G1
68
What is the M phase?
mitosis
69
G1, S, G2, M?New DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes replicate
S
70
G1, S, G2, M?Ensures that each daughter cell will get a complete set of chromosomes
S
71
G1, S, G2, M?Chromosomes are now visible nad process of mitosis
M
72
G1, S, G2, M? Preparing for cell division (shortest phase)
G2
73
In BLANK the duplicated strands (sister chromatids) attach at the center (centromere)
metaphase
74
propahse
the centrioles begin to move opposite poles and the spindle fibers (microtubules) connect between them
75
Metaphase
the chromatid attach to the middle of the spindle at their centromeres.
76
anaphase
the spindle helps the sister chromatids separate at the centomere.
77
telophase
the chromosomes unwind and are no longer visible.
78
What stages of M Phase are chromozones visible
in all phases of M phase but Telophase
79
During cytokinesis in BLANK the cytoplasm is pinched in 2 equal parts.
animals cells
80
During cytokinesis in BLANK a cell plate is formed in between the rigid cell wall.
plant cells
81
Phases of Mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions