FINAL

Question 1

Nullification

Answer 1

Nullification is the constitutional theory that individual states can invalidate federal laws or judicial decisions they deem unconstitutional, and it has been controversial since its inception in early American history. There have been three prominent attempts by states at nullification in American history

Question 2

Mary Surratt

Answer 2

Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt was an American boarding house owner in Washington, D.C., who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy which led to the assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Sentenced to death, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by the U.S. federal government.

Question 3

Bull Run

Answer 3

Bull Run was the first major battle of the Civil War. The fierce fight there forced both the North and South to face the sobering reality that the war would be long and bloody.
The battle was fought on July 21, 1861, in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about thirty miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C.

Question 4

Samuel Mudd

Answer 4

Samuel Alexander Mudd Sr. was an American physician who was imprisoned for conspiring with John Wilkes Booth concerning the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Mudd worked as a doctor and tobacco farmer in Southern Maryland.

Question 5

Redeemers

Answer 5

Redeemers were the Southern wing of the Democratic Party. They sought to regain their political power and enforce White supremacy. Their policy of Redemption was intended to oust the Radical Republicans, a coalition of freedmen, “carpetbaggers”, and “scalawags”. Founded in: 1865

Question 6

John Sutter

Answer 6

John Augustus Sutter, born Johann August Sutter and known in Spanish as Don Juan Sutter, was a Swiss immigrant who became a Mexican and later an American citizen, known for establishing Sutter’s Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state’s capital.

Question 7

Conquered nation

Question 8

Ghost dance

Answer 8

According to the teachings of the Northern Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka (renamed Jack Wilson), proper practice of the dance would reunite the living with spirits of the dead, bring the spirits to fight on their behalf, end American Westward expansion, and bring peace, prosperity, and unity to Native American peoples

Question 9

Crittenden Compromise

Answer 9

Crittenden introduced legislation that would reinstate the Missouri Compromise line, forbid the abolition of slavery on federal land in slaveholding states, compensate owners for runaway slaves, and other amendments to support the institution of slavery.

Question 10

James Buchanan Duke

Answer 10

James Buchanan Duke was an American tobacco and electric power industrialist best known for the introduction of modern cigarette manufacture and marketing, and his involvement with Duke University.

Question 11

Jefferson Davis

Answer 11

Jefferson Davis, the first and only president of the Confederate States of America

Question 12

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 12

Grant is best known as the Union general who led the United States to victory over the Confederate States of America during the American Civil war

Question 13

William T Sherman

Answer 13

Perhaps best known for his 1864 “March to the Sea,” William Tecumseh “Cump” Sherman

Question 14

Nicholas Biddle

Answer 14

Nicholas Biddle was an American financier who served as the third and last president of the Second Bank of the United States

Question 15

14th Amendment

Answer 15

Passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,

Question 16

Mark 3:25

Answer 16

‘If a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand.”

Question 17

Andrew Jackson

Answer 17

Andrew Jackson was an American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, he gained fame as a general in the U.S. Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress.

Question 18

Compromise of 1877

Answer 18

The Compromise of 1877 gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for the end of Reconstruction in the South.

Question 19

Sectionalism

Answer 19

Sectionalism is loyalty to one’s own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. Sectionalism occurs in many countries, such as in the United Kingdom. restriction of interest to a narrow sphere; undue concern with local interests or petty distinctions at the expense of general well-being.

Question 20

The 49’ers

Answer 20

Forty-niners refers to the people that migrated to California from 1848-1849 in hopes to find gold and make fortunes. Why are the 49ers called the 49ers? The 49ers got their name simply for the date in history (1849) where tens of thousands of people migrated to California from all over the world to pan for gold.

Question 21

Robert E Lee

Answer 21

Robert Edward Lee was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, toward the end of which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army.

Question 22

William Cody

Answer 22

William Frederick Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, was an American soldier, bison hunter, and showman. One of the most famous and well-known figures of the American Old West, Buffalo Bill’s legend began to spread when he was only 23.

Question 23

Sitting bull

Answer 23

Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota leader who led his people during years of resistance against United States government policies.

Question 24

Franklin Pierce

Answer 24

Franklin Pierce was the 14th president of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. A northern Democrat who believed that the abolitionist movement was a fundamental threat to the nation’s unity, he alienated anti-slavery groups by signing the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act.

Question 25

Nat Turner

Answer 25

Nat Turner's Rebellion, historically known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton County

Question 26

Ida B Wells

Answer 26

Ida Bell Wells-Barnett was an American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Question 27

Roger Taney

Answer 27

Roger Brooke Taney was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fifth chief justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.

Question 28

Booker T Washingtion

Answer 28

Booker Taliaferro Washington was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to several presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community and of the contemporary Black elite.

Question 29

reconstruction essay

Answer 29

Reconstruction, following the American Civil War, aimed to rebuild the nation and integrate the Southern states back into the Union. However, numerous challenges emerged, hindering the partnership between the North and the South. One significant issue was the lack of a unified vision for reconstruction, with conflicting goals between Northern Republicans and Southern Democrats. The Freedmen's Bureau, responsible for assisting freed slaves and poor whites, faced obstacles due to inadequate resources and resistance from Southern whites. Congressional Reconstruction, led by Radical Republicans, sought to enforce equal civil and voting rights. This initiative faced opposition from Southern states implementing Black Codes and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, perpetuating racial discrimination and violence. The inadequacy of federal troops to enforce policies further undermined reconstruction efforts. Ultimately, the shortcomings of the partnership lay in the conflicting interests of Northern and Southern factions, compounded by the failure to provide sufficient resources and enforcement mechanisms. The responsibility for the flawed implementation and supervision of reconstruction can be attributed to a combination of Southern resistance and the challenges faced by federal agencies in executing a cohesive plan.

Question 30

civil war essay

Answer 30

The Civil War in the United States (1861-1865) was rooted in complex issues, primarily centered around slavery, economic disparities, and states' rights. The conflict emerged as Southern states, reliant on slave labor, sought to preserve their agrarian way of life against perceived Northern threats to their institutions. The North, advocating for industrialization and anti-slavery sentiments, aimed to prevent the spread of slavery into new territories and promote a unified, free-labor economy. The intended outcome was the preservation of the Union, reinforcing the idea that the United States should remain one nation. For the South, the war represented a struggle for autonomy and the defense of their perceived rights to govern themselves. The economic structure, dependent on slave labor, faced potential upheaval with growing Northern influence. Secession was seen as a means to protect their agrarian society and maintain control over local governance. Gains for the North included the abolition of slavery and the assertion of federal authority, reinforcing the idea of a united nation. Losses were the staggering human cost and economic devastation. The South aimed to preserve its way of life, protecting the institution of slavery and maintaining regional autonomy. Losses included the abolition of slavery, economic devastation, and a reshaping of Southern society. Ultimately, the war's outcome sought to redefine the United States, solidifying it as a single nation and paving the way for the Reconstruction era, attempting to rebuild a divided country.