Final

Question 1

The primary purpose of the symbol table during lexical analysis is to store information about identifiers such as variable names
True of False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Regular grammars are a type of formal grammar that generate regular languages. They have production rules of the form A → αB or A → α, where A and B are non-terminal symbols, and α is a string of terminal symbols.
True of False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Strength reduction is a compiler optimization technique that involves replacing less expensive operations with expensive ones.
True or False

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A deterministic finite automaton M is a 5-tuple, (Q, Σ, δ, q0, F).
True or False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

In short, the parse tree is generated by the syntax analyzer.
True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False
In Python structure, a statement indentation does not matter

Answer 6

False

Question 7

def calculate_sum(a, b=5, c=10):
return a + b + c

result = calculate_sum(2)

The value of result after executing the above code is _______

Answer 7

22

Question 8

What does the socket.AF_INET parameter represent in the socket.socket() constructor?

Answer 8

Socket address family for IPv4

Question 9

try:
num = int(“abc”)
except ValueError:
num = 0
finally:
num += 1
print(num)

What is the output of this code?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

Which module is used for network programming in Python?

Answer 10

socket

Question 11

All variables in Python must be explicitly declared with a data type

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Convert all characters to upper case

Answer 12

str.upper()

Question 13

Add an element to the end of the list

Answer 13

list.append()

Question 14

Opens a file for reading or writing

Answer 14

open()

Question 15

Reading data from a file in python

Answer 15

readline()

Question 16

Set the maximum number of queued connections

Answer 16

socket.listen()

Question 17

In a DFA state diagram, circles represent states, and arrows (transitions) indicate the transitions between states based on input symbols.
True or false

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Optimization of a program that works within a single basic block of code is called .

Answer 18

local transformation

Question 19

Which gcc compiler optimization flag optimizes the generated code for both size and speed?

Answer 19

-O2

Question 20

The grammar of the programming (i.e., grammatical errors) is checked at phase of the compiler

Answer 20

syntax analysis

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct extension of the Python file?

Answer 21

.py

Question 22

What is the order of precedence in python?

Answer 22

Parentheses, Exponential, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction

Question 23

What will be the output of the following Python function?

max(max(True,-3,-4), 2 ,0 )

Answer 23

2

Question 24

What will be the output of the following Python code snippet?

def foo(x):
x[0] = [‘def’]
x[1] = [‘abc’]
return id(x)
q = [‘abc’, ‘def’]
print(id(q) == foo(q))

Answer 24

Error

Question 24

What will be the output of the following Python code? >>>list1 = [1, 3] >>>list2 = list1 >>>list1[0] = 4 >>>print(list2)

Answer 24

[4,3]

Question 25

What will be the output of the following Python code? x = 'abcd' for i in range(len(x)): print(i)

Answer 25

0 1 2 3

Question 26

What will be the output of the following Python expression? >>>from math import * >>>ceil(4.576)

Answer 26

5

Question 27

What will be the output of the following Python code? >>>example = "snow world" >>>example[3] = 's' >>>print(example)

Answer 27

Error

Question 28

Which one of the following languages over the alphabet {0,1} is described by the regular expression? (0+1)*0(0+1)*0(0+1)*

Answer 28

String containing at least two 0’s

Question 29

Regular expressions are closed under ____________ Intersection Union Kleene Star All the above

Answer 29

All the above

Question 30

The context free grammar S → SS | 0S1 | 1S0 | ɛ generates _________

Answer 30

Equal number of 0s and 1s

Question 31

Which of these does not belong to CFG (Context free grammar)?

Answer 31

End symbol

Question 32

Which among the following is the root of the parse tree?

Answer 32

Starting variable / Starting symbol S

Question 33

This parse tree corresponds to the production rule: P 0 P 0 1 P 1 E

Answer 33

P->0110 over {0,1}*

Question 34

A grammar with more than one parse tree is called unambiguous grammar.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

A digit, when used in the CFG notation, will always be used as a terminal. True or false

Answer 35

true

Question 36

A lexical analyzer reads the source code character by character. True of False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

A programmer, writes a program to multiply two numbers instead of dividing them by mistake, this error can be detected by ____________ Compiler only Compiler and Interpreter Interpreter only None of the above

Answer 37

None of the above

Question 38

A compiler accepts a program written in a high-level language and produces an object program. True or false

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Intermediate code generator receives input from its predecessor phase, semantic analyzer, in the form of an annotated syntax tree.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Syntax Analyser takes groups of tokens of the source program into grammatical production.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the purpose of the symbol table in a compiler?

Answer 41

Tracking variable information

Question 42

In a compiler, transforming from for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { array[i] = array[i] * 2; } to for (int i = 0; i < 4; i += 2) { array[i] = array[i] * 2; array[i + 1] = array[i + 1] * 2; } is a form of ___________________________ optimization.

Answer 42

Loop unrolling

Question 43

Compilers translate code to machine language, while interpreters execute code directly. True or false

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Let's consider a simple grammar and generate parse trees for a sample sentence. The grammar is: Unknown node type: br S→ if E then S else S Unknown node type: br S→identifier := E E→identifier E→number E→E+E Now, parsing the sentence "if x then y := 2 else y := 3": should yield a unambiguous parse tree. Choose the unambiguous PT from the options. A) S ___|_____ | | | if S S | | E E | | x y / \ := := / \ E E / \ 2 3 B) S ____|____ | | | if S S | / \ E := := | | | x E E | / \ + 2 3 / \ E E | | y y C) S ___|______ | | | if S S | | \ E E E | | | x := := / \ E E / \ 2 3 D) S ___|______ | | | if S S | | \ E E E | | | x := := / \ E E \ 3

Answer 44

A

Question 45

Consider the regular expression (a | b)*b+b* What is the simplest regular expression that denotes the same language?

Answer 45

(a|b)*b

Question 46

A state of the finite automaton in which the input string is accepted as being a member of the language recognized by the automaton is called the accepted state. True or False

Answer 46

True

Question 47

A set of symbols used in the definition of a language is called................

Answer 47

alphabet

Question 48

A grammar that allows some sentence or string to be generated or parsed in more than one way i.e. with distinct parse trees) is called _____________

Answer 48

unambiguous grammar

Question 49

A specification of the order in which operations should be performed when two operators of the same precedence are adjacent.

Answer 49

Associativity

Question 50

The phase of a compiler in which executable output code is generated from intermediate code.

Answer 50

code generation

Question 51

A grammar in which the left hand side of each production consists of a single non-terminal symbol

Answer 51

Context-free grammar

Question 52

A list of steps that shows how a sentence in a language is derived from a grammar by application of grammar rules is called derivation

Answer 52

True

Question 53

A symbol that is used as the name of a variable, type, constant, procedure etc.

Answer 53

identifier

Question 54

Zero or more occurrences of a grammar item indicated by a superscript * is called ______

Answer 54

Kleene closure

Question 55

A symbol that names a phrase in a grammar is called a nonterminal symbol. True or False

Answer 55

True

Question 56

What does the os.getcwd() function do in Python?

Answer 56

Gets the current working directory

Question 57

Which module is used for network programming in Python?

Answer 57

socket

Question 58

Which function is used to create a new thread in Python using the _thread module?

Answer 58

_thread.start_new_thread()

Question 59

Which of the following is not a valid method for reading data from a file in Python?

Answer 59

readfile()

Question 60

What is the purpose of the __init__ method in Python classes?

Answer 60

Initialize a new object

Question 61

The len() function is used to find the length of a dictionary in Python. True or False

Answer 61

False

Question 62

All variables in Python must be explicitly declared with a data type. True or False

Answer 62

False

Question 63

phrase = "Hello, World!" print(phrase[7:]) What is the output of this code?

Answer 63

World!

Question 64

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] print(numbers[-2]) What is the output of this code?

Answer 64

4

Question 65

def modify_list(my_list): my_list.append(4) my_list = [1, 2, 3] numbers = [10, 20, 30] modify_list(numbers) print(numbers) What is the output of this code?

Answer 65

[10, 20, 30, 4]

Question 66

In Python, what happens if you try to add a string and an integer without converting them?

Answer 66

Raises a TypeError

Question 67

Which of the following statements is used to skip the rest of the code in the current iteration and jump to the next iteration in a loop?

Answer 67

continue

Question 68

Which of the following loops is used for definite iteration in Python?

Answer 68

for

Question 69

numbers = list(range(2, 10, 2)) What is the output of print(numbers)?

Answer 69

[2, 4, 6, 8]

Question 70

try: result = 10 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError: result = "Error" print(result) What is the output of this code?

Answer 70

Error