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Life Span Development PSYC > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Biological aging?

A

The natural physical decline brought about by aging

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2
Q

Secondary aging?

A

A product of environmental influences and health habits

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3
Q

Physical changes in early adulthood

A

Physical development is complete
Peaks of physical capabilities

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4
Q

Health during early adulthood

A

At the age of 35 illness and disease become the leading cause of death

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5
Q

Exercise in early adulthood because

A

You gain weight as you age
Half Americans are inactive

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6
Q

Frequent exercises…

A

Enhances the immune response
Provides a mental health benefit
Associated with substantially lower death rates

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7
Q

Reproductive capacity in early adulthood?

A

Declines with age

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8
Q

Stress is a physical and emotional response to..

A

Events that threaten or challenge us

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9
Q

Primary appraisal?

A

Assessment of an event to determine whether it’s implications are positive, negative, or neutral

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10
Q

Secondary appraisal?

A

Assessment of whether ones resources are adequate to overcome the potential stressor

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11
Q

Stress may lead to psychosomatic disorders

A

Medical problems caused by interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties

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12
Q

Coping with stress
Problem focused coping?

A

Manage stress by directly changing the situation to make it less stressful

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13
Q

Emotion focused coping?

A

Involves the conscious regulation of emotions

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14
Q

Defensive coping?

A

Involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of the situation

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15
Q

Impacts on attending college?

A

Become better at reasoning and attitude and values broaden
The economic value attending college

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16
Q

More then half of college students are woman and women have slightly higher graduation rate why?

A

Study time
Study strategies
Choice of major
Behavior outside of the classroom

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17
Q

Many older nontraditional students are taking college courses why?

A

Economics
Maturation reform, refers to less risk taking and more focus on supporting family

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18
Q

Emerging adulthood is…

A

A transitional period that occurs between the ages of 18 to mid to late 20s

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19
Q

Social clock is…..

A

The age related expectation for major life events, all societies have such timelines

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20
Q

Factors that influence friendship development..

A

Similarly
Proximity
Personal qualities such as loyalty and supportiveness

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21
Q

Sternbergs triangular theory of love?

A

3 components:
Intimacy
Passion
Commitment

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22
Q

Intimacy

A

Relates to closeness, affection, and connectedness

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23
Q

Passion

A

Relates to sex, physical closeness, and romance

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24
Q

Commitment

A

Contains the cognitive that one loves another person and the determination to maintain love

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25
Q

Selecting a mate?

A

People often marry according to homogamy, the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age race and other basic demographic characteristics

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26
Q

Marriage gradient refers to…

A

The tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger and lower in status and woman to marry men who are slightly older and higher in status

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27
Q

Cohabitation..

A

Refers to couples living together without being married, can. Be serves as a preparation for marriage or an alternative to marriage

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28
Q

Couples who cohabit before they are married are more likely to…

A

Get a divorce also if there parents are divorce

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29
Q

The average age of first marriage has risen..

A

27 women, 29 men

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30
Q

Why are people marrying later?

A

Economic concerns
Commitment to establishing a career

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31
Q

Traditional marriage…

A

Involve a clear division of roles, the husband is head of household and the wife is the caregiver and homemaker

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32
Q

Egalitarian marriage

A

Partners relate as equals sharing power and authority

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33
Q

Most well educated women expect this form of marriage?

A

Egalitarian

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34
Q

Men fail to comment this marriage?

A

Egalitarian

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35
Q

Who is happier in the marriage?

A

Men

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36
Q

Partners who hold positive with others attributes are…

A

Happier

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37
Q

Parenthood

A

There is a pattern of delayed childbearing and family has declined

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38
Q

Transition to parenthood

A

The arrival of a baby is associated with mild declines in relationship satisfaction but down not cause martial strain

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39
Q

Postponing childbearing

A

Eases the transition

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40
Q

Single hood refers to…

A

Living alone without an intimate partner

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41
Q

Reasons for single hood…

A

May view marriage negatively
May view marriage as too restrictive
May not encounter anyone with whom they wish to spend the remainder of their lives with

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42
Q

Fantasy period

A

Career choices are made and discarded without regard to skills, abilities, or job opportunities

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43
Q

Tentative period

A

Begin to think about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with them

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44
Q

Realistic period

A

Explore specific career options through actual experience on the job or through training for a profession

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45
Q

Selecting a vocation

A

Personality can influence one’s vocational choice

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46
Q

Intellectual vocation

A

Oriented toward the theoretical and abstract

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47
Q

Social vocation

A

Strong verbal and interpersonal skills

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48
Q

Realistic vocation

A

Practical problem solvers

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49
Q

Conventional vocation

A

Prefer highly structured tasks

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50
Q

Tentative period

A

Begin to think about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit them

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51
Q

Realistic period

A

Explore specific career options through actual experience on the job or through training for a profession

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52
Q

Why do people work?

A

Extrinsic motivation drives people to obtain tangible rewards
Intrinsic motivation causes people to work for their own enjoyment
Element in people’s social lives
Status

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53
Q

Changes in height

A

Loss

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54
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Results in loss of bone mass and causes brittle bones

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55
Q

Prevention of osteoporosis

A

Increase calcium and vitamin D intake and exercise in earlier years

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56
Q

Vision in middle adulthood

A

Loss of visual acuity

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57
Q

Glaucoma

A

A condition in which pressure in the fluid of the eyes increases

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58
Q

Hearing

A

Undergoes a gradual decline in acuity

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59
Q

Presbycusis

A

The ability to hear high frequency sounds typically declines first

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60
Q

Causes of hearing loss

A

Environmental factor
Aging

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61
Q

The most notable sign of the female reproductive change is

A

Menopause

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62
Q

Phases of menopause

A

Presmenipausal
Perimenopausal
Postmenopausal

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63
Q

Hormone therapy

A

Hormone therapy administer estrogen and progesterone to alleviate the worst of the menopausal symptoms but there are risk involved

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64
Q

Chronic diseases you can get older

A

Arthritis and diabetes and hypertension

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65
Q

Risk factors for heart disease

A

Genetics
Environment and lifestyle choices
Personality

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66
Q

Type a

A

Characterized by competitiveness, impatience and tendency towards frustration and hostility

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67
Q

Type b

A

Characterized by no competitiveness, patience, and a lack of aggression

68
Q

What type is associated with heart disease

A

Type a

69
Q

Risk factors for cancer

A

Genetics, environmental factors

70
Q

Intelligence

A

Fluid intelligence tends to decline with age but crystallized intelligence holds steady and may improve

71
Q

Episodic memories

A

Are recollections of personal events or episodes

72
Q

Semantic memories represent

A

memory for general knowledge

73
Q

Adults who engage in intellectually challenging activities show

A

Fewer losses in cognitive skill

74
Q

Normativeocrsis

A

Sees personality development in terms of universal stages, tied to a sequence of age related crisis

75
Q

Life event

A

The events in adult life, rather than age per se determine the corse of personality development

76
Q

Levinson midlife crisis

A

A stage of uncertainty and indecision that is brought about by the realization that life is finite and they are getting close to the end

77
Q

Sources of martial satisfaction

A

View marrow as a long term commitment
Sexual satisfaction

78
Q

Why do marriages unravel?

A

Concerned with personal happiness
Feelings of romantic, passionate love subside
Infidelity
Stress

79
Q

Midlifers adapt more easily to divorce then…

A

Younger people

80
Q

Do many who are divorce end up marrying again?

A

True

81
Q

Divorce rates are higher in second marriages than in first marriages because….

A

Stress
Less commitment
Personality characteristics

82
Q

The empty nest syndrome refers…

A

To the unhappiness loneliness, and depression parents may experience from their children departure

83
Q

Helicopter parents…

A

Intrusively interfere in their children’s lives

84
Q

Boomerany children

A

Are young adults who return to live in the homes of their parents

85
Q

Sandwich generation refers to..

A

Middle adults who feel squeezed between the needs of their children and their aging parents

86
Q

Gender and ethnic differences exist in…

A

How much care one provides to aging parents

87
Q

Grandparent roles
Remote

A

Do not see often

88
Q

Grandparent roles

A

Maintain frequent contact and warmth

89
Q

Grandparent roles
Involved

A

Directly involved in the everyday care

90
Q

Factors related to grandparenting are..

A

Proximity and
Gender

91
Q

Some form of violence happens in … of all marriages

A

1/4

92
Q

Marital aggression
Tension building stage

A

The beater becomes upset and shows dissatisfaction through verbal abuse

93
Q

Marital aggression
Acute beater incident stage

A

Physical abuse occurs

94
Q

Marital aggression
Loving contrition stage

A

Beater expresses remorse

95
Q

Why stay with beater?

A

Loving contrition
Fear
History of abuse

96
Q

The factors that make a job satisfying change during middle age

A

More concerned with the here and now qualities of work

97
Q

Job satisfaction increases in…

A

Midlife

98
Q

Burnout occurs when…

A

Worker’s experience dissatisfaction, disillusionment, and weariness from their jobs

99
Q

Glass ceiling …

A

Is an invisible barrier to advancement

100
Q

Who faces a glass ceiling?

A

Woman and ethnic minorities

101
Q

Why do woman and ethnic minorities face a glass ceiling?

A

Less access to mentors
Stereotype and doubts about women career commitment
Prejudice due to deviating from traditional gender roles

102
Q

Midlifers show a shaper decline in…

A

Physical and mental health, remain jobless longer, and seldom duplicate pay from the previous position

103
Q

The number of friends in middle adulthood

A

Decline

104
Q

Functional age refers to…

A

Actual competence and performance

105
Q

Average life expectancy refers to…

A

The number of years that an individual born in a particular year can expect to live

106
Q

What are variations in life expectancy

A

Ethnic and socioeconomic
Gender , woman live longer

107
Q

Changes occur in the internal function of the organ systems
The brain becomes…
Blood flow is…
Several bodies systems work…

A

Smaller and lighter
Reduced within the brain
At a lower capacity

108
Q

With age, individuals begin to have difficulty carrying out

A

Activity of daily living, basic self care task
Bathing
Brushing teeth
Feeding

109
Q

Vision in late adulthood

A

Increased risk for cataracts

110
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of one or more joint

111
Q

One prevalent psychological problem in late adulthood is

A

Depression

112
Q

Dementia is a set of disorders in which…

A

Serious memory loss is accompanied y declines i other mental functioning

113
Q

The most common form of dementia is…

A

Alzheimer’s disease

114
Q

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Severe memory problems
Deficit in communication
Purposeful movements disintegrate
Difficulty processing emotions
Depression

115
Q

Structural changes occur in the brain..

A

Neurofibrillary tangles, bindles of twisted threads, paper
Amyloid plaques, Denise’s deposits of a deteriorated protein called amyloid, develop

116
Q

Risk factors of Alzheimer’s

A

Genetics
Non genetics factors such as high blood pressure or diet

117
Q

Memory in late adulthood
Recall is…

A

Reduced

118
Q

The reminiscence bump

A

There is a period of heightened autobiographical memory

119
Q

Recall the most events that occurred from the ages

A

10-30

120
Q

2 aspects of language production slow age related changes:

A

Word retrieval
Planning what to say and how to say it becomes harder

121
Q

Redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role

A

Just redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to work roles

122
Q

Body transcendence versus body preoccupation

A

Learn to cope with and move beyond physical changes

123
Q

Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation

A

Come to grips with coming death

124
Q

Reminiscence involves telling stories about events from the past

A

No age differences in the amount of reminiscence

125
Q

More older adults engage in life review

A

An examination and evaluation of one’s life

126
Q

Activity theory proposes that successful aging occurs when people maintain interest, activities, and social interactions

A

More social involvement is linked to better outcomes

127
Q

Disengagement theory suggests that…

A

There is a gradual withdrawal from the world

128
Q

Continuity theory argues

A

That elders adjusts to aging by engaging in the same kinds of activities that interest them in earlier hears

129
Q

Types of housing arrangements

A

Ordinary homes
Specialized living environments

130
Q

Martial satisfaction is at its peck in

A

Late adulthood

131
Q

Who experiences widowhood more

A

Woman

132
Q

Widowed men show more

A

Physical and mental health problems

133
Q

Elder abuse refers to…

A

The physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect

134
Q

Most elder abusers are

A

Family members

135
Q

reorientation

A

Reconsider options and become engaged in or fulfilling activities

136
Q

Retirement routine

A

Feel fulfilled in this new phase of life

137
Q

Termination

A

Either return to work or termination occurs due to physical deterioration

138
Q

Lifelong learning

A

Older participants in continuing education report an array of benefits

139
Q

Clinical death

A

Absence of heartbeat and breathing

140
Q

Brain death

A

Cessation of all signs of brain activity

141
Q

For parents the death of a child produces

A

A profound sense of loss and grief

142
Q

Childhood conceptions of death

A

Preschoolers think of death in terms of sleep
Around age 5 Childern have a better understanding of death

143
Q

Adolescent know about death but…

A

Don’t think it can happen to them

144
Q

Adolescents and young adults who learn that they have terminal illness often feel

A

angry and cheated

145
Q

Fear about death is at its highest in

A

middle adulthood

146
Q

Elderly individuals actively seek death turing to

A

Suicide

147
Q

Woman report a higher levels of

A

Fear and anxiety around death

148
Q

Proposed that people who are dying move through a series of stages

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

149
Q

Right to die is the view that

A

Death is a right to be exercised

150
Q

Euthanasia is the

A

Practice of ending the life of a person suffering

151
Q

Passive euthanasia

A

Life sustaining treatment is withheld

152
Q

Active euthanasia

A

One’s acts at a patients request to end suffering before natural end

153
Q

Physician assisted suicide is

A

A process in which the doctor provides the means for a terminally I’ll individual to commit suicide

154
Q

Submissive death

A

Suicide where people simply let themselves die by not caring for themselves

155
Q

Suicidal erosion

A

An indirect form of suicide by engaging in high risk activities

156
Q

Living will

A

Designates what medical treatments people want or do not want if they cannot express their wishes

157
Q

Durable power of attorney

A

Authorities another person to make health care decisions on one’s behalf

158
Q

Home care

A

Dying person stays at home and receives treatment

159
Q

Hospice care

A

Care for the dying provided in place devoted to those who are terminally ill

160
Q

Bereavement is the experience of..

A

Losing a loved one by death

161
Q

Greif

A

Intense physical and psychological distress

162
Q

Mourning

A

Culturally specified expression of the bereaved person’s thoughts and feelings

163
Q

Stages of the grief processes
Avoidance

A

Experience shock and disbelief

164
Q

Stages of the grief processes
Confrontation

A

Confront the reality of the death

165
Q

Grief process
Accommodation

A

Confront the reality of the death

Life Span Development PSYC (2 decks)

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