Final Flashcards
(302 cards)
1
Q
Plica
A
-fibrous tissue extnending from the joint capsule that is supposed to reabsorb during growth & development
-these tissue bands can sometimes be left over & get in the way of a joint mimicking a meniscus injury
2
Q
Key structures of hip and pelvis
A
-Iliac crest
-ASIS
-AIIS
-PSIS
-ischial tubersoity
-Pubic symphysis
-Hip joint
3
Q
External oblique origin
A
outer surface of ribs 5-12
4
Q
external oblique insertion
A
inferiorly onto anterior 1/2 of iliac crest & medially into linea alba
5
Q
external oblique action
A
trunk rotation, flexion, side bending, compress abdominal viscera
6
Q
Hip FLexors
A
-Psoas
-Iliacus
-Sartorius
-Rectus Femoris
-Pectineus
-Tensor Fascia Latae
7
Q
important palpation point of hips
A
AIIS where rectus femoris originates (this is the only quad muscle doing hip flexion
8
Q
quad muscles
A
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius
9
Q
quad muscle insertion
A
quad tendon onto patella
10
Q
Medial hamstrings
A
-semimembranosis
-semitendonosis
11
Q
Lateral hamstrings
A
-biceps femoris
12
Q
Gooses foot
A
-semitendonosis
-gracillis
-sartorius
13
Q
Adductors
A
-Pectineus
-Adductor longus
-Adductor brevis
-Adductor magnus
-Gracillis
14
Q
Sartorius origin
A
ASIS
15
Q
sartorius insertion
A
Medial aspect of proximal tibia
16
Q
Acetabular Labrum
A
-fibrous cartilage
-rims the acetabulum
-deepens the socket
-increases joint stability
17
Q
Acetabular labrum healing
A
base of labrum that attaches to the bone has some capacity to heal from blood supply from bone; free edge has limited blood supply and doesnt heal well
18
Q
Hip pointer
A
contusion of iliac crest
19
Q
Hip pointer MOI
A
blunt trauma to iliac crest
20
Q
Hip pointer S&S
A
pain with trunk flexion, rotation, side bending or hip flexion, bruising, swelling over iliac crest, muscle spasam
21
Q
other structures affected by hip pointer
A
-EO
-tensor fascia latae
22
Q
what do athletes report with hip pointer
A
pain with forced exhalation, pain with bowel movements (functions of EO)
23
Q
Acute management hip pointer
A
-PIER
-lymph drainage
-donut pad with cover for RTP
24
Q
Acetabular Labral tears MOI
A
acute plant & twist or hyperabduction or overuse degeneration
25
Acetabular Labral tears S&S
pain, clicking/catching in hip/groin, decrease ROM, audible pop at injury time
26
"c" sign
common descriptor of pain with acetabular labral tear
27
Acetabular labral tear special test
scour test
28
Acetabular labral tear acute management
ice, rest, pain management, correct mechanics (stable base, core & hip stability), proprioception, refer
29
Scour test
-very sensitive but lacks specificity
-good indicator of pathology in joint itself
30
what does scour test test for
-labrum tears
-Capsulitis
-Osteochondral defects
-acetabular defects
-osteoarthritis
-avascular necrosis
-Femoral acetabular impingement syndrome
31
ITB frinction syndrome MOI
friction over lat femoral condyle
-overuse
-biomec problem
-common in sports with continuous knee flexion & ext
32
ITB acute management
-biomechanic assessment
-footwear
-strengthen glute medius
-decrease adhesion to increase mobility
33
Thomas test tests
rectus femoris
34
Hip flexor tendonitis MOI
overuse, repetitive flexion
35
Hip flexor tendonitis S&S
-pain with active and resisted hip flexion
-TOP affected tendon
-stretch pain with passive hip ext
36
hip flexor tendonitis acute management
ice, rest/altered activity, hip flexor wrap
37
Hip flexors strains MOI
forceful hip flexion, leg caught in hip ext (or combo)
38
Quads strain MOI
forceful quad contraction, hip ext with knee flexion (or combo)
39
Hamstrings strain MOI
excessive hip flexion with extended knee, in sprinting - eccentric hams contraction in late stance phase
40
Adductor strains MOI
quick cutting (overstretch with forceful contraction), splits type motion
41
Strains of Hip & Thigh S&S
pull or pop sensation, weakness (gr 2&3), bruising due to high blood supply (gr 2&3)
42
Strains of Hip & Thigh acute management
PIER, pressure pad, educate, NWB, lymph drainage
*easily reinjured
43
Thigh contusions MOI
blunt trauma
44
Thigh contusions S&S
discolourationm muscle weakness
**risk of myositis ossificans
45
Thigh contusions acute management
-lymph drainage
-ice
-NO MASSAGE
-protective padding
-possible RTP
46
features of the spine
-facet joints
-vertebral body
-disc
-nerve roots
-spinous processes
-transverse processes
47
what is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
-liver
-gallbladder
-duodenum
-head of pancreas
-right kidney and adrenal gland
-hepatic flexure of colon
-transverse ad ascending colon
48
Left upper quadrant of abdomen
-stomach
-spleen
-left lobe of liver
-pancreas
-left kidney and adrenal gland
-splenic flexure of colon
-trandverse and ascending colon
49
right lover quadrant of abdomen
-caecum
-appendix
-right ovary and tube
-right ureter
50
left lower quadrant of abdomen
-part of descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-left ovary and tube
-left ureter
51
palpation of the abdomen
-palpate the 4 quadrants
-start superficial and gradually increase pressure
52
Sports hernias
fascial weakness in the abdominal wall, where the abdominals & adductors attach into pubic bone
**dont typically result in bulge but can progress to that
53
sports hernias MOI
repetitive strain to area
*common in hockey, football, soccer, sprinters & rugby
54
sports hernias S&S
-pain with sitting up, quick cutting, sprinting, coughing
55
Special test for sports hernia
resisted sit up
56
sports hernia acute management
PIER, adductor wrap, conservative treatment for 4-6wks, easily reirritated
57
visceral structures affected in sport
-kidney contusions
-spleen rupture; mono?
-Lungs; pneumothorax
-Bladder rupture; empty bladder
-Testicular contusions
-heart
58
abdominal injuries MOI
direct blow, fall from height
59
abdomial injuries S&S
-pain
-rigidity in abdomen
-feeling unwell
-cullen sign
-grey turner sign
60
Cullen sign
umbilicus discolouration
61
Grey Turner Sign
flank discolouration
62
acute management of abdominal injuries
-quadrant palpation
-call 911
-rest
-treat for shock
-reassure
63
Kidney injury MOI
blow to the back
64
Kidney injury S&S
-pain in lower back
-peeing blood
-feeling unwell
-refer
65
66
causes of sudden death in athletes
-usually cardiac disease
-congenital abnormalities of coronary arteries
-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
67
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-genetic condition causing thickening of heart muscle
-leading cause of sudden death in athletes
-altered rhythm (reduced flow)
68
warning signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-fainting/seizure
-dizzy
-chest pain
-quick/irregular/pounding heart beat
-shortness of breath
69
emerging causes of acquired heart disease in young athletes
-anabolic steroids
-peptide (ex. growth) hormone
-stimulants (ex. caffeine)
70
Blow to solar plexus
-spasam of diaphragm
71
blow to solar plexus MOI
blow to abdomen or chest, fall on butt or back
72
blow to solar plexus S&S
pain, difficulty breathing, panicking
73
blow to solar plexus acute management
-bring knees towards chest, guided breathing, diaphragmatic breathing
-able to RTP once symptoms resolve
74
Facet Joint sprains MOI
forced rotation
75
Facet joint sprains S&S
-hear/feel pop
-sharp localized pain
-pain with motions that open the joint, muscle guarding
*contact sports common
*common in c-spine due to large ROM (ligaments taken beyond available length)
76
facet joint sprains special test
quadrant test (+ve if pain on opposite side)
77
facet joint sprains acute management
-PIER, refer for treatment
78
Facet Joint Effusion
irritation of facet joint
79
Facet joint effusion MOI
-sudden episode of extreme ROM
80
Facet joint effusion special test
quadrant test (+ve if pain on same side)
81
Facet joint effusion acute management
-PIER, refer for treatment.
82
Disc Protrusions MOI
-acute or chronic compression through disc, often in flexed
83
Disc protrusions
-results in a bulge in the disc resulting in changes to myotomes and dermatomes
84
Disc protrusions S&S
-pain with repeat forward bending
-relief with extension
-pain with cough/sneeze
85
DIsc Protrusions management
refer for conservative treatment
86
Dermatomes
-sensory areas of the skin that are inmervated by specific nerve roots
-sensations can be tingling, numbness, pain, pressure
87
Myotome testing cervical & lumbosacral nerve root involvement
resisted tests are performed 5x bilaterally (look for weakening)
88
which reflexes will be dampened if there is pressure: C5
Biceps
89
which reflexes will be dampened if there is pressure: C6
brachioradialis
90
which reflexes will be dampened if there is pressure: C7
Triceps
91
which reflexes will be dampened if there is pressure: L3, L4
Patellar tendon
92
which reflexes will be dampened if there is pressure: S1
Achilles Tendon
93
Muscle strains of neck and back MOI
overstretch or ecentric load (loading muscle while forward bending), rotation at high velocity, may have external force
94
Muscle strains of the neck and back S&S
abrupt "pull" pain, protective spasam, divot (large strains)
95
Muscle strains of neck and back acute management
Pier (but never to anterior neck bc major vessels), altered activity
96
Rib & scapula fracture MOI
direct blow, compression (ribs)
97
rib fracture S&S
pain with deep breath (shallow breathing), pain with compression & TOP area of fracture
98
Scapula fracture S&S
TOP, pain with movement of shoulder
99
Rib & Scapula fracture acute management
stabilize the segments with padding & tensor, tube sling for scap fracture, send for imaging
100
4 spondys of spine
1. Pars interarticularis
2. Spondlolyysis
3. Spondylolisthesis
3. Spondylitis
101
Spinal fractures MOI
axial load, compression through spine
102
SPinal fractures S&S
central pain, tingling, numbness, unwillingness to move, spasam
*can put pressure on spinal cord or nerve roots in paralysis
103
SPinal fractures
C spine = quadriplegia
T spine, L spine = paraplegia
104
Larynx
connects throat to trachea and prevents food from entering trachea while breathing
105
trachea
brings air from throat to lungs
106
esophagus
brings food from throat to stomach
107
important vessels in the neck
-carotid artery
-jugular vein
-subclavian artery & vein
-vagus nerve
108
Temporomandibular joint
-joint between temporal bone and mandible
-articular disc within joint
109
muscles that act on TMJ
-temporalis
-Pterygoids (medial and lateral)
-masseter
110
injuries to anterior neck MOI
blunt force to anterior neck/throat by stick, puck, ball, opponent etc
111
S&S anterior neck injury
pressure, difficults swallowing "feels thick", difficulty breathing, panicky
112
risks of anterior injury to neck
risk of larynx fracture
113
Major bleeds MOI
skate, stick, contact with boards -> lasceration of carotid artery, jugular vein, subclavian vein
114
acute managements of major bleeds
pressure, rapid EMS call, treat for shock
* requires vascular surgical team to repair damaged vessels
115
prevention of major bleeds
neck guards
116
regulations of neck guards
-not mandatory for NHL
-international Ice hockey Federation accounced impending mandate (inc. olympics & world juniors)
117
types of facial injuries
-eye poke
-fractures
-auricular hematomas
-lacerations
-TMJ conditions
-Dental injuries
118
eye poke injuries most commonly result in
-subconjunctival hemorrhage - bright red bleeding/spot on white of eye from broken blood vessels
-corneal abrasion - scratch on surface of eye
119
S&S eye poke injuries
mild discomfort & irritation
120
acute management eye poke injuries
-cold compress
-refer for eye exam
**vision changes, shadows, floaters, pressure, pain should be urgent referral
121
facial fractures MOI
direct trauma via opponent, puck, ball
122
types of facial fractures
ulilateral zygomatic-maxillary-orbital, isolated mandibular, & nasal fractures most common
123
S&S facial fractures
TOP fracture site, raccoon eyes, swelling divots, deformities
124
acute management facial fractures
PIER if tolerated, refer
125
Auricular Hematoma MOI
blunt trauma, repetitive friction
126
auricular hematoma S&S
pain, swelling, bruising
127
what is auricular hematoma
-blood accumulates between connective tissue & cartilage of the ear, results in pressure
-resulting in contusion to ear
-can lead to necrosis of the cartilage from blood supply being cut off
128
what happens if auricular hematoma is not drained
the cartilage can become deformed resulting in cauliflower ear
129
acute management of auricular hematoma
PIER, add pressure by packing ear with folded gauze to prevent fluid accumulation
130
Lacerations MOI
blunt trauma, sharp object
131
lacerations acute management
lots of bleeding requires firm pressure, face requires stitches, others require steri strips
132
what type of joint is the TMJ joint
hinge
133
MOI TMJ injury
direct trauma to mandible, cumulative repeat impacts
134
TMJ conditions can result in
-dislocations
-sprains
-articular disc injuries
-muscle tension/strains
-clicking/altered joint mechanics
-headaches
135
dental injuries MOI
direct blow
136
common sports related dental injuries
-tooth (crown) fractures
-tooth intrusion
-tooth extrusion
-tooth avulsion
137
tooth intrusion
tooth gets forced into the bone
138
tooth extrusions
tooth gets forced out of the bone
139
tooth avulsion
complete removal from socket
140
acute management dental injury
-ensure broken teeth removed from mouth
-rule out concussion & spinal
-refer to dentist
-rolled gauze to control bleeding
141
prevention of dental injury
mouth guards
142
types of headaches seen in sport
-dehydration
-cervicogenic
-concussion
143
dehydration headache
-approx 90% of headaches are due to dehydration
144
cervicogenic headaches
-muscle tension: referred pain patterns
-joint dysfunction
145
concussions (mTBI) MOI
direct blow or indirect (land on bum, wiplash, mechanism)
146
concussions are a
FUNCTIONAL injury
147
what are concussions
a transient change of neurological function
148
cause of concussion
stretch and shearing of axons, ion exchange, depolarization of AP (electrical storm)
149
what causes concussions to be long term
inflammationa and cell loss
150
SIGNS of a concussion
-vomitting
-disorientation
-memory loss
-loss of consciousness
151
sympotms of concussions
-headache
-pressure
-difficulty following instruction
-dizzy
-decrease coordination
-nausea
-fatigue
-foggy
-mood swings
152
types of concussion assessment
interviews, physical exams, testing
153
two common assessment tools for concussions
1. SCAT6
2. ImPACT
154
SCAT6
-standardized tool for concussion evaluation
-sideline or clinical
-takes 10-15mins
-designed for health care professions and athletes over 13
155
ImPACT
-computerized objective tool
-requires basline test
-measure memory, attention span, visual & verbal problem solving
-clinical only
156
5 components of SCAT6 ON FIELD
1. observable signs (behaviour/MOI)
2. Glasgow Coma Scale (eye/verbal/motor response)
3. C-spine Assessment
4. Coordination & oculomotor screen (visual, vestibular)
5. Memory assessment maddocks questions (cognitive)
157
6 components of SCAT 6 OFF FIELD
1. athlete background
2. Sympotm evaluation
3. Cognitive screening (orientation, immediate memory, concentration)
4. Coordination & balance test
5. Delayed recall
6. decision
158
post concussion syndrome
-time frames can vary
-threat this proactively
159
concussion testing & rehab tools
-helps zero in on primary issues limiting recovery:
-- visual
-- vestibular
-- physiologic
-- cervicogenic
-- psychological
- focus on establishing fucntional neural pathways
160
what not to do with concussion
complete rest with no stimulation
161
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
progressive degenerative brain disorder caused by repeat head injuries
162
S&S CTE
-memory loss
-confusion
-headache
-irritable mood
-aggression
-depression
-slurred speech
-unsteady/altered motor control
163
concussion prevention
-mouthguards
-proper fitting helmet
-safe technique
-concussion education
164
the 4 joints of the shoulder
-glenohumoral
-acromioclavicular
-sternoclavicular
-scapulothoracic
165
pectoral muscles
-pec major
-pec minor
166
muscles acting on the scapula
-levator scapulae
-rhomboid minor
-rhomboid major
-trapezius
latissimus dorsi
167
rotator cuff muscles
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor
-subscapularis
168
supraspinatus
major dynamic stabilizer of the shoulder
169
dislocation
head of humereus translates completely out of the glenoid
170
subluxation
a partial or incomplete dislocation of the GH joint
171
shoulder dislocations
-anterior (most common)
-posterior
-inferior (rare)
172
special test for anterior GH dislocation
apprehension test
173
superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) leasions/tears
-injury to superior aspect of labrum from anterior to posterior
-biceps tendon can also be injured
-4 types
174
SLAP lesions MOI
repetitive overhead movements, Fall on Out Stretched Hand, sudden traction to the arm, dislocation of GH
175
SLAP lesions S&S
clicking/catching/popping, pain moving arm overhead, pain lifting heavy objects, pain deep in joint or in back of joint, anterior shoulder pain if biceps involved
176
Bankart Lesion
-an injury to the anterior inferior glenoid labrum
-secondary to anterior dislocation
177
Bankart Lesion S&S
pain & limited ROM with ost shoulder movements, clicking, catching, grinding, popping, subluxation
177
Hills-Sachs Lesion
-a divot-type fracture of the head of the humerus following a dislocation
-head of humerus gets compressed against the rim of glenoid
177
rotator cuff injuries
-IMpingement
-tendonitis or osis
-rotator cuff tears
**one can lead to the next or they can happen independantly
178
impingement MOI
overuse, poor mechanics
179
tendonitis or osis MOI
overuse, poor mechanics
180
ROtator cuff tear MOI
acute or overuse
181
AC sprain MOI
fall on outstretched hand, fall/tackle - landing on side of shoulder, checked into boards
182
AC sprain MOI
pain, step deformity at AC, weakness in shoulder/arm
183
acute management AC sprain
PIER, sling, swath, severe deformities need to be referred, AC tape job
184
Rockwood classification: Type I pathology
Sprained AC ligaments , normal CC ligamnets
185
Rockwood classification: Type II pathology
disruption of AC ligaments, sprained CC ligaments
186
Rockwood classification: Type III pathology
disruption of the AC and CC ligaments
187
Rockwood classification: Type IV pathology
posterior displacement into or through the trapezius muscle
188
Rockwood classification: Type V pathology
rupture of the deltotrapezial fascia
189
Rockwood classification: Type VI pathology
inferior displacement of the distal clavicle under conjoined tendon
190
treatment of acute shoulder injuries
-pier, sling for support, rehab to pormote tissue healing and regain stability
191
when is surgery considered for acute shoulder injuries
-middle third clavicle fractures
-type III AC sprains in active people
-types IV, V & VI AC sprains
-first-time GH dislocation in young athletes
-full-thickness rotator cuff tears
-displaces or unstable proximal humerus fractures
-urgent surgical referral for posterior sternoclavicular dislocations
192
Subacrominal Implingement syndrome MOI
overuse, biomechanical imbalances
193
what is subacrominal impingement.
pinching and subsequent inflammation of structures under the coracoacromial ligamnent
194
shoulder impingment may include one or all of
-supraspinatus tendon
-long head biceps tendon
-subacromial bursa
195
shoulder impingement S&S
pain & weakness in painful arc of abduction (reaching), catching/clicking, pain with sleeping on affected side, pain putting jacket on
196
special test shoulder impingement
painful arc
197
positive test shoulder impingement
pain during GH abduction between 60-120 degrees and pain clears beyond 120*referred pain in supraspinatus pattern down middle deltoid
198
Humerus fractures MOI
high-energy direct blow
199
humerus fracuture S&S
pain, swelling, brusing, unable to move arm/grinding
200
most common site of humerus fracture
surgical neck
201
humerus fracture tendancy
aprrox 80% non displaces = non surgical
202
acute management humerus fracture
PIER, sling, treat for shock, send to emerg if stable, or call EMS
203
humerus fracture management
sling, pain management, start treatment early to avoid frozen shoulder
204
Scapula fracture MOI
high-energy blunt trauma, fall from height
205
scapula fracture S&S
extreme pain with arm movements, localized swelling, bruising
206
scapula fracture Management:
sling
207
when scapula fractures are surgical
-displaced fractures of glenoid,
-displaced fracrure at neck of scapula
-acromion fractures causing impingement
208
Clavicle fracture MOI
force to lateral shoulder, direct trauma
209
clavicle fracture S&S
severe pain & swelling over site, deformity, unwillingness to move arm
210
clavicle fracture acute management
tube sling, PIER
211
clavicle fracture treatment
-sling or figure 8 brace
-PIER
-pain management
-alleviate assoc spasam
212
important considerations for the shoulder girdle
-thoracic spine mobility
-scapular mobility
-scapular stability
-upper limb proprioception
213
ROM of shoulder joint
-abduction
-adduction
-flexion
-extension
-IR
-ER
-Horizontal adduction
-horizontal abduction
214
accessory movements
roll, spin, glide
215
joints of the elbow
-ulnohumoral joint
-radiohumoral joint
-proximal radioulnar joint
216
ELbow ligaments
-ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
-Radial (lateral) collateral ligament
217
Joints of the wrist and hand
-caropmetacarpal
-metacarophalangeal
-proximal & distal interphalangeal joint
218
Ligaments of the hand/wrist
1. Collateral Ligaments of wrist and finger
- Ulnar collateral ligament
- Radial collateral ligament
2. Collateral ligaments of fingers
3. Intercarpal ligaments
4. triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)
219
Triangular Fibrocartilage complex (aka triangular disc)
-complex made up of load-bearing triangular fibrocartilage articular disc & ligaments on medial aspect of wrist
220
purpose of triangular disc
disperses axial load from carpals -> ulna
221
wha tis the TFCC thickened by
ulnar collateral ligament medially
222
TFCC is a major stabilizer of
-ulnocarpal joint
-distal radioulnar joint
223
what facilitates articulations at the wrist joint
triangular disc
224
Nerves of elbow and wrist
-ulnar nerve at elbow and wrist
-median nerve under flexor retinaculum
225
Elbow flexors
-Biceps brachii (long & short)
-brachialis
-brachioradialis
226
actions of biceps brachii
-elbow flexion
-shoulder flexion
227
Elbow extensors
-triceps brachii
-anconeus
228
common flexor tendon origin
medial epicondyle
229
common extensor tendon origin
lateral epicondyle
230
carpal tunnel
median nerve is compressed under transverse carpal ligament
231
elbow ROM
-flexion
-extension
pronation
-supination
232
wrist ROM
-flexion
-extension
-radial deviation
-ulnar deviation
233
Digits
-flexion
-extension
-abduction
-adduction
-opposition/reposition
234
Lateral Epicondylitis (tennis elbow) MOI
overuse of forearm extensors
235
most common lateral epicondylitis extensors affected
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
236
S&S lateral epicondylitis
TOP common extensor origin (lateral epicondyle), pain & weak wrist extension
237
acute management lateral epicondylitis
stretch wrist extensors (in elbow ext and flexion), PIER (if its itis), brace
*eccentric training for forearm extensors
238
Medial Epicondylitis (aka golfers elbow) MOI
overuse of wrist flexors
239
most common flexors affected with medial epicondylitis
-flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
-Pronator teres
240
Medial epicondylitis S&S
TOP common flexor origin (medial epicondyle), pain & weakness with wrist flexion
241
acute care medial epicondylitis
PIER< stretch forearm flexors
242
Ruptured Biceps MOI
sudden lengthening od contracting muscle (eccentric)
eg. suden load when lifting or catching heavy load
243
what tendon is most common with ruptured biceps
distal biceps tendon
244
biceps rupture S&S
musclee balled, bruising, pain near insertion of bicpes into radial tuberosity, pain & weakness with elbow flexion & supination (complete rupture may be painless)
245
acute management bicpes rupture
PIER, pressure pad to approximate any remaining fibers, shorten biceps in sling to remove tension, surgical repaire for first few weeks in active people
246
DeQuervains Syndrome Tenosynovitis MOI
overuse of thumb due to gripping/wringing
247
DeQuervains Syndrome Tenosynovitis
inflammation of the tendons and sheath around the thumb tendons (Extensor pollicus brevis, abductor pollicus longus)
248
DeQuervains Syndrome Tenosynovitis S&S
pain over tendons of thumb, weakness with thumb abduction or extensioon, pain with gripping
249
DeQuervains Syndrome Tenosynovitis special test
Finklestein Test
250
DeQuervains Syndrome Tenosynovitis Acute Management
PIER, thumb spica brace
251
DeQuervains Syndrome Tenosynovitis if left untreated
progress to thickening/scarring & reduced ROM
252
Facet Joint Effusion S&S
-click or sharp pain
-localized pain
-spasam around inflamed joint
-nerve root can become irritated
-closing joint can become painful
253
Elbow hyperextension MOI
landing on an extended elbow
254
elbow hyperextension S&S
anterior elbow pain & swelling from ligament/capsule sprain and/or muscle strain, posterior elbow pain from osteocondral lesion
255
what do you need to rule out with elbow hyperextension
olencranon fracture
256
acute management elbow hyperextension
PIER, shorten injured tissues (sling), tape job
257
UCL sprin MOI
FOOSH, overuse by repeat valgus force on the elbow
258
UCL sprain S&S
pain &b laxity in joint
259
TOmmy John Surgery
reconstructs UCL using graft tendon - palmaris longus, semitendinosis or gracilis
260
Collateral ligament sprains of the wrist MOI
FOOSH, forced forearm rotation
UCL - valgus
RCL - varus
261
COllateral ligament sprains of the wrist S&S
pain, swelling & instability on medial (UCL) or lateral (RCL) wrist
262
collateral ligament sprians of the wrist special tests
UCL (MCL): valgus stress
RCL (LCL): varus stress
263
collateral ligament sprians of the wrist acute managment
PIER, wrist wrap, wrist tape for RTP
264
UCL sprain of thumb (skiers thumb/gamekeepers thumb) MOI
traumatic or overuse hyperabduction of the thumb
traumatic=skiers thumb, thumb gets caught, FOOSH
overuse= gamekeepers thumb, repeat grip/twist
265
UCL sprain of thumb (skiers thumb/gamekeepers thumb) can result in...
avulsion fracture
266
UCL sprain of thumb (skiers thumb/gamekeepers thumb) S&S
pain, swelling& instability at 1st MCP Joint
267
when is surgery reccomended for thumb UCL sprain
reccomended for instability to stabilize joint & prevents osteoarthritis term
268
thumb UCL sprain acute management
PIER, possible x-ray to rule out avulsion, brace for healing/tape
269
Thumb tape job
-consider if you are preventing hyperextension or abduction
-be mindful of ribbon and hood direction
270
thumb special tests
-1st MCP instability glide into ext
-Valgus stress
271
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tear MOI
acute: FOOSH, forced forearm rotation
overuse: repetitive wrist motions
272
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tear S&S
medial wrist pain, pain with ulnar deviation & loading through wrist, popping/clicking, wrist weakness
273
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tear Special Test
TFCC compression test (passive ulnar deviation with axial compression)
274
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tear acute management
PIER, brace, anti-inflamm injections if needed, surgery if persistent
275
ELbow dislocations MOI
FOOSH
276
elbow dislocation S&S
deformity, pain, holding elbow, tingling/numbness, shock
277
ELbow dislocation acute care
stabilize, splint, monitor/treat for shock, EMS
278
elbow fracture MOI
direct trauma/fall
279
elbow fracture S&S
pain, unable or unwilling to move elbow
280
bow fracture acute care
splint, monitor for shock, ER for x-rays/surgical referral
281
surgical approach to elbow fracture
ORIF: Open Reduction Internal Fixation
282
Colles fracture(distal radius fracture) MOI
FOOSH causing distal radius displaced posteriorly
283
Colles fracrue (distal radius fracture) S&S
deformity, pain, numbness
*no testing as deformity is obvious
284
colles fracture (distal radius fracture) acute management
splint, monitor for shock, emerge for xrays, possible surgery
285
Scaphoid fractures MOI
FOOSH
286
scaphoid fracture S&S
TOP of anatomical snuffbox
287
ability of scaphoid to heal
poor because very little BS
288
waht is important with scaphoid fracture
identify early & immobilize via cast or brace
289
Metacarpal & figure fractures MOI
axial compression (jammed), direct trauma, being stepped on
290
metacarpal & finger fractures S&S
localized pain, swelling, unable to grip
291
metacarpal & finger fractures acute care
fingers: buddy tape to stabilize
Hand: SAM splint
292
what can happen to Metacarpal & finger fractures
avulsion fractures - tendon pulls off piece of bone (immobilize or surgical
293
Cyclist Palsy MOI
compression from handlebars
294
Cyclist Palsy S&S
tingling/numbness/nerve pain, decreased muscle strength of 5th digit, hand cramping
295
cyclist palsy Prevention
avoid hyperextension on wrist handlebars, proper bike fit
296
cyclist palsey acute care
PIER, splint, may require NSAIDs
297
Carapl TUnnel MOI
overuse of wrist flexor tensons causing pressure on median nerve
298
Carpal tunnel S&S
burning/tingling/numbness in anterior wrist & hand, decreased grip strength
299
Carpal Tunnel acute care
bracing, PIER, anti-inflamm treatment, proper ergonomic set up, steroid injection, surgery possible
300
