final

Question 1

what is sex category

Answer 1

external and visible signs that we use to categorise a person into a sex.

Question 2

what is gender

Answer 2

attitudes and behaviours we associate with masculinity, femininity and others

not born with. It is how we act. eg. Acting like a man

Done to fit in with society. evidence of this is how gender expression looks natural

Question 3

what is the spectrum of opinions on gender

Answer 3

spectrum between the idea that gender arises from biology or social construction

Question 4

what is feminism and what differentiates the different types

Answer 4

fighting inequality against women in different contexts.

Question 5

what is liberal feminism

Answer 5

fighting inequality against women by placing more women in power.

Question 6

what is radical feminism

Answer 6

fighting inequality against women by arguing that all social systems (eg. governments, laws, companies, capitalism) themselves are a male based systems and thus create inequality.

Question 7

what is eco feminism

Answer 7

fighting inequality against women by arguing that there is a parallel between the mistreatment of women and the environment.

Question 8

what movement paved the way for more discussion on gender

Answer 8

feminism movement

Question 9

what is primary socialization

Answer 9

socialisation by parents

Question 10

what is secondary socialization

Answer 10

socialisations by others

Question 11

what is institutionalised frameworks for gender

Answer 11

boys schools, girls sports. etc

Question 12

why are genders reinforced

Answer 12

to serve the purpose of institutions (military, sports)

to make money
(gendered services, products)

Question 13

which gender has its characteristic more closely guarded

Answer 13

men

Question 14

what is gender stratification

Answer 14

how people are channeled into unequal life situations based on gender.

Eg. men soldiers, women homemakers

Question 15

according to sociology, which is the most concerning factor to sexism.

Answer 15

structural or institutionalised sexism

Question 16

what is the glass ceiling in terms of sexism

Answer 16

invisible barriers against women’s promotion into corporate and public sectors

Question 17

what are some common factors that lead to gender stratification

Answer 17

patriarchy and sexism
gender roles
gender stereotypes
institutional discrimination

Question 18

how does gender stratification also hurt men in the current job market

Answer 18

male dominated jobs are on a decline. This increases male unemployment. they often do not look for more traditionally female dominated jobs.

Question 19

what is deviance

Answer 19

any action, condition or belief that violates societal norms are usually punished, looked down upon

Question 20

what is crime

Answer 20

deviant actions that violate criminal laws of society. These actions are punishable

Question 21

how is deviance socially constructed

Answer 21

deviance is the misalignment with society. This means that deviant actions depend on specific societies and contexts

Question 22

what is Durkheim’s social constructionist view on crime

Answer 22

crime is anything that shocks the collective conscience

crime plays an important role in society because it questions and defines societal beliefs and values

Question 23

what is Marx’s conflict theory view on crime

Answer 23

law reflects the interests of the dominant

law is defined in a way that benefits and protects its creators. eg. the rich

harm is a better concept than crime

Question 24

what is the strain theory on crime

Answer 24

lack of balance between cultural goals and access to the means of achieving those goals

Question 25

according to merton's deviance typology what does conformity mean

Answer 25

accepting cultural goals and institutionalised means

Question 26

according to merton's deviance typology what does innovation mean

Answer 26

accepting cultural goals and rejecting institutionalised means

Question 27

according to merton's deviance typology what does ritualism mean

Answer 27

rejecting cultural goals and accepting institutionalised means

Question 28

according to merton's deviance typology what does retreatism mean

Answer 28

rejecting cultural goals and institutionalised means

Question 29

according to merton's deviance typology what does rebellion mean

Answer 29

new goals and new means

Question 30

what is labelling theory

Answer 30

deviance is an activity that is internalised from interactions from others. nothing really is deviant. it is a social construct.w

Question 31

what is the difference between primary and secondary deviance

Answer 31

primary is a violation that does not cause long term consequences secondary is when a person internalises the label

Question 32

what is differential association

Answer 32

association with deviant groups can lead to learned criminal behaviour

Question 33

why would lack of social bonds and self control lead to deviance

Answer 33

social bonds and discipline can prevent deviant behaviour

Question 34

what is criminalised masculinities

Answer 34

masculinity performances become more criminal when there is an increase in police presence

Question 35

what are the 3 types of death

Answer 35

biological, social, economic

Question 36

what are four common attitudes towards death

Answer 36

denial, fate, risk, acceptance

Question 37

what are the 4 aspects of social management of death

Answer 37

the process of dying corpse disposal of corpse funeral, remembrance

Question 38

what is culture

Answer 38

socially transmitted social practices and knowledge systems things that we do or think that differentiates groups of people from others. allow adaptation to social environment

Question 39

what are the 2 ideas of culture

Answer 39

all pervasive way of life toolbox

Question 40

describe the all pervasive way of life understanding of culture

Answer 40

culture is a set of generalisations about a group of people. It assumes that all individuals belonging to the culture are unitary and consistent.

Question 41

describe the toolbox understanding of culture

Answer 41

culture is a dynamic personal and externally set of ideas. much more nuanced than just a generalization

Question 42

what is embodied cultural capital

Answer 42

outward appearances shaped by class, locality, culture.

Question 43

what are the 2 theories on the origins of inequality

Answer 43

nature and biology -inequality is innate and natural part of life society and social relations -inequality is unjust and unnecessary

Question 44

what is the precariat

Answer 44

people with unstable income or employment