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Growth and Wellness > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Choosing Career

A

75% Americans = job at least very imptnt

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2
Q

Easy to decide career if…

A

-Secure attachment w/ caregiver
-Feel have career abilities
-S-E status

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3
Q

INT & Career

A

M INT = ML to get desired career
-INT doesn’t predict career success
-INT predicts acdec attainment, college grades predict career obtainment
*Only for M b/c glass ceiling prevent INT W from getting career deserved b/c sexism
-Need challenging career if INT, otherwise satisfaction DEC

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4
Q

Aptitude

A

Skills needed to successfully perform in career
-M imptnt T INT
-Artisitc, mechanics, persuasive talents - SOC / soft skills imptnt

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5
Q

Ideal when career matches…

A

Interests, meaningful careers influence S-direction

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6
Q

S-Determination Theory

A

We have 3 psych needs, if fullfilled, psych WB is H. Needs:
-Competence / good at something
-Autonomous / b/c want to
-Related / connect w/ others

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7
Q

ML to do something w/…

A

INT motivation
-Autonomy - Doing something b/c want to

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8
Q

BIG-5 PERS

A

Openness - To New exp
Conscientious - Precision
Extraverted - SOC w/ others
Agreeable
Neurotic - ANX

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9
Q

Family Influence

A

We tend to choose careers PREV family were in
-Learning/obsv - Seeing others influence our bhvr
-SES - Parents w/ L money = LL to go to college

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10
Q

Parent Practices

A

-Kids from Middle class backgrounds = better careers

-L class = ML blue collar

-Upper middle class = encouraged to be independent
*Be wheel / leader

-Those from working class = taught to obey & conform to SOC (pay bills, get job)

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11
Q

Essential Info About Choosing Occupations

A

Nature / day to day things
Working conditions
Job entry requirement
Ongoing training / education
Chance to collab
Potential earning
Potential status
Advancement opportunities
Trust & respect
INT job satisfaction
Future outlook
Security

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12
Q

Choosing A Career

A

Many options, doesn’t mean you get the perfect one
-Mobility = Success
-Meaning & purpose M imptnt T salary if have enough $
-Limits on options / aptitude = pivot
-Career is a process
-Some can’t be undone
*Investment or past EXP
-Job VS Career VS Calling
*Calling = meaning
*1/3 want job, want career, want calling

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13
Q

How to find right career

A

-Occupational Outlook Handbook
*GOV booklet w/ 800+ careers

-Discuss w/ person in field / shadow / internship

-Psych tests (EX occupational interest inventory)
*Satisfy career, not success
*Issues: Accuracy not 100%, is a GUIDE, has G bias (M $ for M)

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14
Q

Models of Career Choice

A

Hollands PERS-ENV fit model

Super’s DEV Model

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15
Q

Holland’s PERS-ENV Fit Model

A

We have 6 diff & stable PERS orientations / styles = 6 diff work ENV match career satisfaction
-Realistic (mechanics, lack SOC)
-Investigative (Analytical)
-Artistic (Imaginative)
-SOC (coop)
-Enterprising (Extraversion)
-Conventional (Numerical skills)

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16
Q

Holland’s PERS-ENV Fit Model pt 2

A

Outcome if PERS orientation & work ENV match = M happy = M M stability & success

We are a continuum, not one PERS orientation.

Caveat: Our PERS isn’t stable, we change w/ age, career demands could chance, ENV change, ect

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17
Q

Super’s DEV Model

A

Careers DEV w/ time & are crucial to S-Concept (which changes). 5 Stages:
1) Growth (0-14) - Career choice is fantasy
-Don’t consider PERS ability & education requirements

2) Expl (15-25) - Realistic consideration of diff careers

3) Est (25-44) - Commit to career & learn to functionally be effective in it
-Finding gratifying career = stick to it

4) Maintenance (45-65) - Retaining/protect achieved status
-Focus on leisure & family (shifts if career threatened)

5) Decline (65+) - Decline in productivity & work activity, retirement
-Retirement and pension needs considered early

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18
Q

Changing World of Work

A

Need to keep up w/ work trends
-Tech
-Work Attd - Proving value, S-directed, flexibility
-Life long earning
-GIG / Tempt work - Flexibility w/ possible H demand/$, no pension
-Boundaries blurr w/ technology
-H job growth for prof & service occupations = M stress, L autonomy

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19
Q

Occupational Stress

A

Being in a psych demanding job (1) w/ lack of autonomy (2)

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20
Q

Psych Disorders

A

H disability source
When psych P = disorder
-P persists for extended period
-P causes significant distress interfering w/ rltnsps, work performance, ect
*Deviate from norm?
*Maladaptive?
*Cause stress?
*Cause others discomfort?

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21
Q

Psychopathology

A

Sickness / disorder of mind or thoughts
-M common T thought, 25% of 18y+ will exp some psych disorder, 50% of Americans diagnosed at some point
-W ML to be diagnosed w/ ANX, DEP, & PTSD T M
-M ML to be diagnosed w/ substance disorder

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22
Q

Two ways to view psych disorder cause

A

Diathesis Stress model

Biopsychosocial Approach

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23
Q

Diathesis Stress Model

A

Some are genetically predisposed/vulnerable (1) w/ presence of stress to DEV psych disorder (2)
-Childhood

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24
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

How biology, psychology, & SOC-culture factors work together to impact chance of psych disorder

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25
Q

ANX & ANX Disorder

A

ANX - Tense, worried, dreadful

ANX Disorder - Excess ANX w/out true danger, threats where there aren’t any
-50% of college students exp crippling ANX any year
-25% of people in US at some point in life

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26
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Fear of specific object/situation that is out of proportion
-Common, easily treated

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27
Q

SOC ANX disorder

A

Cripping fear of - eval by others
-~13y, 6% of population
-Fret, struggle w/ minor things
-W > M

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28
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Overwhelming terror attacks, mistaken for heart attack or dying, lasts many minutes
-Light headedness, BP drop
-W > M

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29
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Worry/fear of situations that can’t be escaped & open spaces w/ fear of public panic attack

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30
Q

Dev of Psych Disorders

A

ML to Dev based on childhood temperament
-Shyness, avoid unknown people
-Faulty learning

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31
Q

Consequences of Psych Disorder on Health

A

-FoF system M active
-Cardiac & BP issues = Hypertension = heart attack / stroke
-Diff concentrating & PS
-Impaired judgement

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32
Q

OCD

A

Intrusive thoughts (obsesssions) INC ANX causing urges (compulsions) to DEC ANX temporarily
-Aware of ^, cannot help act

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33
Q

OCD Dev

A

Learning (Operant conditioning) & - rein
Bio
-Genes release glutamate (n/t)
-Subcortical area caudate nucleus involved in regulating impulse bhvr is sm T usual (corr)

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34
Q

PTSD

A

Direct/indirect exposure to harm / life threatening event. Symptoms:
-Frequent nightmares, intrusive trauma thoughts, & flashbacks
-Hyperviligence / Tension
-W > M, ~7% of pop

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35
Q

PTSD & Trauma Severity

A

M intense = ML to dev PTSD & M intense symptoms
-Intimate partner (DV) or S-violence ML to DEV PTSD VS war-type
*ENV
*SA usually someone they know, break trust

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36
Q

Susceptibility / DEV of PTSD

A

Diathesis - Stress - Model - Those DEV PTSD have diff genes to DEV serotonin = Possible vulnerability to DEV PTSD after trauma
-Sm hippocampus

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37
Q

PTSD Consequences

A

-Hyper alert = Chronic hypertension & H issues (Stroke, heart attack)
-Sm hippocampus = diff w/ memory
-Attnt issues b/c intrusive thoughts

38
Q

Intrusive Thought Disorders

A

OCD

PTSD

39
Q

ANX Disorders

A

ANX
Specific Phobia
SOC ANX
Panic
Agoraphobia

40
Q

Depressive Disorders

A

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

41
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A

Mood disorder persistent & pervasive feelings of sadness
-Lack of joy in formerly pleasurable activities
-Lasts AL 2w
-7-8% of USA exp MDD any given yr
-All adults ~16% will have episode of MDD

42
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

A

MDD w/ L intense extreme lasting longer than MDD
-L common than MDD

43
Q

Factors influencing DEV of Depressive Disorders

A

-M genes shared w/ someone w/ DEP = ML to get DEP
-Hippocampus (Memory, mood regulation, regulate stress hormones)
*Corr
*Stress hormone production = protein break down = M stress hormone b/c sm hippocampus
-N/t LT normal
-Sleep - Insomnia worsens DEP
*Those w/ DEP = M REM = L restorative sleep = L growth hormone, possibly accounting for L rejuvenated feeling

44
Q

Psych factors impacting Dev of DEP Disorders

A

Oppositve of + bias, - bias sees S L + , INT attribute bad things, EXT attribute good things
-COG triad of - thinking:
*- S-thought = - situational thoughts = - future thoughts
-Learned helplessness - Feels lack ability to change situation

45
Q

DEP Disorder SOC factors

A

-Shame b/c - view of disorder
-G-Roles: W w/ chronic stress INT feels, M cope EXT = W X2 ML to DEP

46
Q

Bipolar Disorders

A

Bipolar I

Bipolar II

47
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

Mania (elevated mood) and possible DEP mood

48
Q

Bipolar II

A

ALT btwn mania and DEP
-Mania can be relief

48
Q

Prevalence & Etiology of Bipolar Disorders

A

-L common than MDD
-BPI M common T BPII
-No G Diff
-Often confused w/ ScZ

49
Q

ScZ

A

Extreme ALT in thoughts, perceptions, &/or consciousness resulting in psychosis-disconnect in reality
-6m for diagnosis
-Mostly no G diff, if so M > W
-LT 1% of pop
-Emergence is late adolescence, early adulthood
*Genetic predisposition interacts with stress?

50
Q

SCZ + symptoms: Delusions

A

Delusions - False beliefs
-Grandiosity - Belief of POW (special super pow) that isn’t real

-Persecution - People (aliens, gov, ect) are after them

-Referential - Obj/others have significant meaning to them (ex, dating famous person)

-ID - Belief is Jesus/other important figure

-Guilt - Convinced did something terrible (Sometimes in hand w/ persecution)

-Ctrl - EXT force influencing thoughts

51
Q

SCZ + Symptoms: Hallucinations

A

False sensory sensations
-Audio - Hearing not real voices, M common
-Visual
-Olfactory - Smelling something not real
-Bodily - Feel things in body that aren’t real

52
Q

SCZ + Symptoms: Disorganized speech and bhvr

A

Disorganized Speech - Saying strange, incoherent things
-Loosening of association - Quick topic change
-Clang association - Rhyming w/out meaning while speaking

Disorganized Bhvr - Unusual bhvr
-Inappropriate dressing (for season), strange movement, inappropriate S-care, lack of eye contact & emotional expr
*Cause SOC distancing & don’t get SOC rewarded

53
Q

SCZ - Symptoms

A

DEC in typical bhvr - eye contact, emotion, motivation, and interest
-1/4 of SCZ
-M > W

54
Q

SCZ Bio Factors

A

45% concordance rate, 45% if both parents have it = STR genetic link

Brain: SCZ = Lg ventricles (holes in brain = L braing)
-Sm brain (similar to neuro syphilis), sm frontal cortex (thought regulation), sm medial temporal lobe (COG ctrl)
-Too much dopamine (n/t)
*D blockers = L symptoms)

55
Q

PERS disorders

A

Borderline PERS disorder
Anti-SOC PERS Disorder
Dissociative ID Disorder

56
Q

Borderline PERS Disorder

A

Disturbances in fixed ID (1) causing maladaptive relating in moods (2) and in impulse ctrl (3)
-Occupational, rltnshp, ect issues
-Dramatic, emotional, erratic bhvr
-No STR sense of S
*Consequentially hate being alone b/c other define who they are
-Emotionally unstable (2)
-Lack of impulse ctrl, random S, binge eating, violent argument (3)

57
Q

Bio & DEV of Borderline PERS Disorder

A

BIO
-Sm prefrontal cortex
-1-2% of adults, W X2 MLT M

DEV
-STR trauma / abuse assoc w/ DEV
-Feeling caretaker was unaccepting/unreliable

58
Q

Anti-SOC PERS Disorder

A

Disregard for & violation of others w/ lack of remorse
-Psychopaths - extreme ^ but charming & INT
*Rich people?

Occurs in 1-4% of population, but mostly young M, M > W

59
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

One person having at least two distinct IDs
-W > M, especially with occurrence of severe abuse

60
Q

Psychotherapy Treatment

A

400 diff types

Categories of Therapy: Insight, bhvr, biomedical
-Medication is one of most used therapy but has a lot of DIS
-Therapy is better than nothing, best 1/ medication

61
Q

Who seeks therapy?

A

Those w/ ANX & DEP are ML

W > M, ML to get diagnosed

Those w/ health insurance

Those educated, ML to have ^ and not stigmatize MH

62
Q

Why don’t people seek therapy?

A

Lack of health insurance
MH stigma

63
Q

Who provides Therapy?

A

Clinical Psychologists
Counseling Psychologists
-Both need PhD or PsyD
-Both can test, diagnose, and treat

64
Q

Types of Therapy people

A

Clinical Psy - Rsch focus (ex prof)

Counseling Psy - Gives rsch (ex sees patients)

Psychiatry (MD) - Work w/ severe cases (ex, SCZ) & can prescribe drugs

Clinical SOC Workers (Masters) - Help people integrated into SOC

Counselors (2 yr License) - Work w/ ED bhvrl issues

65
Q

Insight Txs

A

Psychoanalysis
Group Tx
Family and Marriage Tx

66
Q

Insight Tx

A

V interactions w/ C to INC S-understanding & exhibit better bhvr

67
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Probe unconscious, emphasize recovery of UNC inner conflict
-Freud
-ID (devil), superego (angel, moral), and ego (balance)
-Conflict of ^ = ANX, resolved w/ defense mechanisns

68
Q

Psychoanalysis Techniques

A

Free association - C spontaneously speaks w/out filter, expr thoughts & feels

Dream analysis - Interpret dreams as clues to inner conflict

69
Q

Txt role in Insight Tx

A

Interpret thoughts, feels, bhvrs, & dreams
-Can be subjective

70
Q

C reactions to psychoanalysis

A

Resistance - Rejection of Tx process

Transference of feels towards others to Tx

71
Q

Current psychodynamic Tx

A

C-Centered - Talk tx, H gives emotional support and growth ENV
-Genuineness
-UC + regard
-Empathy

72
Q

C-Centered Tx Process

A

C = H, work together to find solution
Clarification - Ensuring understanding, prevent misinterpret
Goal - C gets true sense of S and is comfy w/ that

73
Q

Group Tx

A

Group of C, those w/ exp become Tx
-C recognizes not alone, DEC in shame
-Opportunity to enhance SOC skills
-Support specific P = benefit

74
Q

Family & Marriage Tx

A

Marital = Rltnsp focus
Family = Family as a unit / comm needs, dynamics, and disagreements

75
Q

Is insight Tx effective?

A

Yes, takes time
-~45 sessions = 75% feel recovered
-Not everyone needs Tx that long

76
Q

Insight VS Bhvrl

A

Bhvr = p in bhvrl VS Underlying = P in insight

Bhvrl assumptions
-Bhvr = learned BUT can be unlearned w/ application of learning theory

77
Q

Bhvrl Tx Types

A

Systematic Desensitization
SOC Skill training
COG Bhvrl Tx

78
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

Counter conditioning to DEC ANX
-Cr ANX Hierarchy - Lvl of INC exposure to fear
-Muscle relaxation
-Pair ^^ & repeat

Works well for specific phobias
Used for PTSD, OCD, & panic disorders too

79
Q

SOC Skill Training

A

Feeling SOC inept = ANX tx to INC interpersonal skills. 3 components:
-C observes a SOC skilled model
-Bhvrl rehearsal via roleplaying
-Shaping - Gradual INC SOC demands

Effective for ANX, Scz, DEP, & autism

80
Q

COG Bhvrl Tx

A

Blend of V & Bhvrl intervention using strategies to correct habitual errors impacting disorders
-DEP people engage in S-defeating bhvr
*INT blame for - things
*Doesn’t attend + events
-Pessimistic projections
-L S-E b/c - event = S-worth

81
Q

CBT Goal

A

Correct habitual errors by targeting irrationals & using reasonable deductions
-Monitoring - thoughts & stopping them
-Recognize maladaptive bhvr
-Tx sets up steps

Effective for many people, esp DEP

82
Q

Biomedical Tx

A

Physio intervention to DEC symptoms. Types:
-Drug
*ANX, Antipsych, AntiDEP, Mood stabilizers
-Electroconvulsive (ECT)

83
Q

ANX Drugs

A

Fast relief
-Ex Xanax
-Risks: OD, dependence, withdrawal (seizure, then death)
-Newer drugs DEC abuse risk, acting slower and longer
-Crit: Drug mask symptom, avoid P and is overprescribed b/c - rein for Dr

84
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Gradual DEC in psychosis symptoms usually for Scz or those manic by interacting w/ dopamine & serotonin
-Takes days to weeks for relief
-Works for 70% of those who need it
-Side effects: Dry mouth, constipation, drousy, diff motor movement
*Tardive Dyskenesia - Chronic tremors & spastic movement
*May lead to non-compliance (no take meds) = symptom return in LT 1y

85
Q

AntiDEP

A

Gradual INC mood out of DEP
-V popular, M prescribed medication
*A lot of DEP? Good at prescribing? Overprescribing?
-Also used as a n/t booster
*SSRI/SNRI
-Takes weeks, possibly rewiring the hippocampus
-Newer ones are safer DEC chance of abuse, bad side effects
*DEC libido, Sleep Ps, weight gain
-Crit: same as ANX drugs

86
Q

Mood Stabilizers

A

Usually for BPD - Lithium and valproate
-Can be toxic, requires blood work
*Can cause kidney & thyroid issues

87
Q

Crit & benefits of Biomedical Tx

A

STR: Relieves severe disorders

WKS: Overprescribed (overmedicating), doesn’t solve P, side effects can be worse than symptoms

88
Q

Current Trends & Issues

A

Eclectic (integrative) approaches - Specify Tx to C (w/ team if can)

Multicultural Sensitivity - Other cultures may avoid Tx or have lang barriers
-H may need to work harder to build Tx rltnsp if not in similar demographic
*Hiring minority tx = INC minority C

89
Q

Application when looking for Tx

A

Is prof or S imptnt?
-No, no link btwn effectiveness and prof BUT M education = M understand theory
-S may matter, if matters to C
-There are good and bad tx, as in every profession
-Theoretical approach can matter, some are better for specific problems than others

90
Q

What is therapy really like?

A

Realistic - We go to the gym for our muscles but tend to not to go tx for our minds

It is a long, hard, and slow process that faces uncomfy things

Growth and Wellness (3 decks)

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