Unit 1 Flashcards

Question

Freud's Unconscious Forces Theory

Answer 1

Id - Animalistic / basic instincts that wants pleasure and is unconscious (Devil) Superego - SOC rules and morality (Angel) across all lvls of consciousness Ego - Reality, balance of id and superego (conscious and pre-conscious)

Answer 2

Caused by inner conflicts -Defense mechanism - Protects from emotional distress *Repressors - Repression surge = ANX = L MH *Overdependence on any one defense mechanism = poor MH

Answer 3

Rationalization - F reasonable bhvr excuses Repression - Burying thoughts and feels Projection - Attributing thoughts, feels, or motives on others Displacement - Diverting emotions onto substitute Reaction formation - Bhvr opposite of actual feels Regression - Revert to immature bhvr ID - Boost self-esteem w/ false alliance w/ group or person

Answer 4

2 unconscious forces: PERS unconscious - Urges not aware of Collective - Archetypes w/ universal meaning -Past generations give warehouse of memories, urges, ect

Answer 5

We strive to be better than others -Inferiority complex - PERS defined by exaggerated WKS b/c doesn't feel better than others *Can cause superiority complex Superiority Complex - B/c feel so inferior, need to exaggerate and brag

Answer 6

-Unconscious forces do influence bhvr -INT conflicts are important but can also lead to psych stress -Early childhood exp does matter -We rely on defense mechanisms

Answer 7

-Theories mostly untestable & vague -Rely on case studies, not generalizable -Contradicted by empirical studies -M centered

Answer 8

Patterns of observable bhvr

Answer 9

-Dog salivates seeing meat *Meat = UC stim *Salivate = UC response *Bell = N stim -Ring bell & give meat, dog eventually salivates w/ bell ring *N stim becomes C stim, causing C response

Answer 10

Bhvr from rewards and punishments -+ & - Rein - INC bhvr w/ + or - of stim - + & - punish - Bhvr DEC w/ + or - of stim We repeat bhvrs we are rewarded for

Answer 11

Observational Learning - Bhvr learned by watching others, especially those leading to consequences Vicarious conditioning - Observation models and secondary consequences of bhvr Self-Efficacy - Belief in self, influencing obsv. bhvr

Answer 12

STR: Rsch is empirical, observational, and measurable WKS: -COG influence not considered -Over reliance on animal rsch, not generalizable to human uniqueness

Answer 13

Humans have unique qualities: -Innate drive for PERS growth -We're conscious beings w/ rational and thought *Not driven by unconscious forces -Subjectiveness is more important than objectiveness

Answer 14

Self-concept - Traits self-measured Congruence - Self-view = actual self Incongruence - Self-view ≠ actual self *Recipe for disaster

Answer 15

Parents place condition of worth on you = distortion = unworthy of love = ANX -Unconditional love & + regard = congruence = INC MH

Answer 16

Hierarchy of Needs - Basic needs must be met before lesser ones -Hunger and thirst before safety and security

Answer 17

Top need, driving force behind our needs -Want to grow PERS and fulfill potential *Frustration occurs when self-actualization doesn't

Answer 18

STR: -Self-concept is important and a key of personality -Psychological health is important -Is founded by positive psychology WKS: Hard to test

Answer 19

PERS hierarchy of 2 fundamental traits genetically inherited -Psychotocism - Degress of irrational / irresponsible bhvr -Neurotic - Degree of emotional stability Genetic predisposition to introvert = INC sensitivity to - interactions = INC shyness

Answer 20

Concordance Rate - Extent two people share same characteristics -Twin studies: Identical twins, even when raised in separate ENV, have H concordance rate than fraternal twins raised together Heritability - Estimate / ratio of proportion of variability of a trait in a certain population determined by genetics -50% of genetics contributing to INT, 40-50% of PERS from genetics

Answer 21

Any trait existing, does so for species to survive, those non-adaptive are lost Natural selection - Best genetics / traits = INC reproductive success -Traits support GROUP, not individual Terror Management Theory - Self-aware enough to fear future / inevitable death -Culture INC self-esteem, soothes mortality salience & ANX

Answer 22

Circumstance threating one's well-being thats taxing to coping abilities -Americans stressed beyond what is healthy -F, young Americans, and parents most suseptible

Answer 23

Yes -Routine stress is SIG - health affects -INC mortality -Can add up, especially for ruminators

Answer 24

How we choose to interpret and appraise it

Answer 25

Initial eval of if it is: -Irrelevant -Relevant but not threatening -Stressful *If yes, secondary appraisal done

Answer 26

Eval of coping ability and options for dealing with the stress.

Answer 27

- interpretation, INC stress. + interpret, see as challenge.

Answer 28

Debilitating = Generally harmful stress Enhancing = Stress is challenge and opportunity for growth

Answer 29

Chronic ENV conditions while not urgent, are - valued and force adaptation to them. -City problems (pollution, crowding, ect) -Corr btwn H density and INC phys arousal, psy distress, and SOC withdrawal -Poverty-related stress affects M&PH *H lvls of stress hormones than richer peers

Answer 30

Race discrimination = DEC MH. Sexuality discrimination = DEC M&PH

Answer 31

Adapt to new culture -Corr w/ DEP & ANX -Expectation VS reality of immigrating

Answer 32

Acute - stress/threat short duration and clear end -Waiting for medical test results Chronic stress - Stress w/ long duration and no time limit -Caring for sick family member Anticipatory stress - Upcoming event that is perceived as stressful -Bad grades that won't be recieved

Answer 33

Situation where goal is thwarted -INC frustration = INC anger -Failures and loss = INC stress

Answer 34

2/+ incompatible motivations/bhvr impulses compete for expression.

Answer 35

Choosing btwn two attractive goals. -EX Free afternoon, should play tennis or go to movies?

Answer 36

Choosing btwn 2 unattractive goals -Caught between rock and a hard place

Answer 37

Choosing to pursue a single goal w/ attractive and unattractive aspects. -Job offer w/ more $, but in unliked city

Answer 38

Noticeable ALTs in life needing readjustment - - corr btwn PH and stressful life events

Answer 39

Measures life change stress form -Those w/ H SRRS scores, INC vulnerability to P&MH problems -Also a measure of frustration

Answer 40

Expectations / demands to behave in a certain way. Two subtypes: Perform Conform

Answer 41

Conform - Aligning w/ other's expectations Perform - Expectations to do tasks & responsibilities quick, well, and correctly Both often self-imposed, embracing unrealistic expectations

Answer 42

Emotional response - Annoyance, anger, ect Physiological response - INC pulse rate, “knots in stomach”, sweating, ect Behavioral response - Action like shouting insults at another driver on the road

Answer 43

Powerful, mostly uncontrollable feels, accompanied by phys changes. -Stress usually = emotional reactions

Answer 44

Strong association -Self-blame = guilt, helpless = sadness, ect. -Stress causing anger from annoying to rage, frustration usually creates anger -Stress causing ANX and fear -Stress causing dejection and grief

Answer 45

Those able to verbally response to emotions corr w/ L severe stress -Able to recognize and comm emotions = better coping

Answer 46

Do occur w/ stress -+ emotion frequency corr + w/ resilience, whereas - emotions corr - w/ resilience. -a + emotional ass w/ INC immune functioning and PH -+ emotions contribute to building SOC, INT, and PHY resources to deal w/ stress

Answer 47

corr btwn H test-related anx and L scores

Answer 48

Task performance should INC w/ increased emotional arousal—up to a point, further INC in arousal DECl lvl of arousal depending on complexity of task, INC complex = DEC arousal

Answer 49

PHYS reaction to threat mobilizes for attack(fight) or flee (flight) -Auto reaction from evolutionary past

Answer 50

Nerves connecting the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. -Somewhat autonomous, controlling involuntary visceral functions like HR, digestion, and perspiration -Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

Answer 51

Para - conserves bodily resources Symp - Mobilizes body for emergencies

Answer 52

M -F care for offspring, FoF L adaptive, "tend and befriend" -Allocate more effort to the care of offspring and to seeking help and support -oxytocin triggers need for affiliation in F in times of SOC distress

Answer 53

Model body’s stress response, Stages: -Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion -stress is nonspecific

Answer 54

Recognition of threat, INC phys arousal -Prolonged stress = next stage (resistance)

Answer 55

Phys arousal stabilizes w/ coping but is H than norm -Becomes accustom to this -Prolonged: Next stage, exhaustion

Answer 56

When stress cannot be overcome by our limited resources and depletion occurs, Phys arousal DEC. Collapsing can occur. -Resistance cannot prevent diseases of adaption (cardiovascular disease, H BP)

Answer 57

Glands that secrete chemicals called hormones into the bloodstream, traveling along hypothalamus into: -ANS, activating sympathetic, stim adrenal glands, releasing catecholamines *PHYS arousal: HR and BF INC, pumping more blood to the brain and muscles. Respiration and oxygen consumption INC facilitating alertness. Digestive processes DEC, conserve energy. Pupils dilate, INC visual sensitivity. -pituitary gland, secretes hormone (ACTH), stim outer adrenal glands, releasing corticosteroids (Cortisol), chemical stim INC energy & inhibit tissue inflammation *Chronic stress DEC immune system resistance *stress-induced chronic inflammation, a risk factor for disease, as an indicator of an immune system that is chronically activated

Answer 58

Neurogenesis - Formation of new neurons -Maybe key cause of DEP

Answer 59

Active effort to control, DEC, or deal w/ stress demands -Is inherently healthy

Answer 60

pressure to perform often makes people self-conscious and that this elevated self-consciousness disrupts their attention, thereby interfering with performance

Unit 1 Flashcards

(86 cards)