Final Flashcards
(32 cards)
Define philosophy.
Love of wisdom
What is the Apology by Plato?
- Defense, he’s on trial for impiety and corrupting the youth
- Verdict: Guilty
- Sentence: Death
Why does Plato say death is not to be feared?
- It is either nothing or eternal bliss (rejects that he could go to hell)
- Socrates is convinced he has done no wrong, and a bad man can not harm a good one, (they cannot harm him character)
In the Republic, why talk about a city?
-Enlarged version, bigger easier to see
In the Republic, what are the forms?
Unchanging ideas
- Beauty, justice, good
- Better known because it will not change, (earthly things change and decay)
In the Republic, what are the classes in the city?
Full Guardians…….Rulers
Auxiliaries………….Enforcers
Commoners……….Everyone else
In the Republic, what are the conditions of the soul?
- Wisdom/understanding
- Thought
- Belief/opinion
- Imagination
In the Republic, what are the elements of the soul?
Appetite
Reason
Spirited/ Honor loving
In the Republic, what is the Allegory of the Cave?
- There are prisoner in a cave watching shadows of puppets
- Prisoners try to guess patterns of shadows
- One of the prisoners is turned around and shown the fire, puppets, sun, and real world
- He begins to adjust
- Realizes he was living a lie
- Taken back to the cave, and he cannot convince them they are wrong
In the Republic, what does the Allegory of the Cave show?
- Shows levels of understanding
- Sun=Forms of the good (supreme form)
In the Republic, what kind of education will there be?
Full guardians-Musical (mind) and physical (body) training, to become warrior philosophers
Commoners- craft trade
In the Republic, what is the lottery?
-Lottery marriages= not random, mating best with the best
In the Republic, how will families interact?
Everyone in your generation is your brother/ sister
Everyone in previous generation is mom/dad
-No nuclear family
-Makes city more united, everyone is family
In the Republic, what is the Noble Lie?
- First generation is told they were born from the earth
- Everyone has different metals in their souls
- All memories were a dream
In the Republic, what do the metals represent?
Gold-Guardian
Silver-Auxiliaries
Bronze/Iron-Commoners
Keep classes separated
-If iron or silver person rules, city would fall
Explain the importance of the “form of the good.”
All forms (justice, beauty) have good in them, this thing they all have in common is the form of the good
In the city, what is justice?
Doing your job, minding your class
In a person, what is justice?
Appetite, reason, and spiritedness are all del balanced
Four corrupted forms of the city?
Best- Aristocracy: Ruled by the best
- Timarchy: Ruled by honor loving
- Oligarchy: Ruled by the wealthy few
- Democracy: Ruled by all
- Tyrant: Ruled by tyrant
List the four corrupted forms of a man?
- Timarch: wants honor
- Oligarch: Money
- Democrat: anything and nothing
- Tyrant: ball of appetites, no shame, fear of losing any of what he has
Never satisfied, always wants more
No friends, can’t trust anyone, everyone wants his power
Ultimately aware of how bad he is
Of the corrupted men who is the least happiest?
Happiest- Aristocrat
Unhappiest- Tyrant
In the Republic, what is the Myth of Er?
- Er dies in battlefield
- He sees souls being reborn
- Souls are judged
- Worst souls are sent to purgatory (hell), and better souls are sent to heaven
There is a lottery
- souls get to choose from different lives, wiser souls choose more carefully
- They will drink from river from the River of Forgetfulness
In the Republic, what does the Myth of Er show?
- Bad deeds don’t go unpunished
- Souls exist and are immortal
- Be good incase there is an after life if not, the aristocrat man is happiest anyways
In the Meditations, what is the meditator trying to figure out?
- What do I actually know? What counts as knowledge?
- Setting sciences on a firm foundation
