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CDIS 3475 Speech Science > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is a Sine Wave?

A

a pure tone

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2
Q

What is a Complex Wave?

A

a wave that is composed of 2+ sine waves

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3
Q

Describe Superposition.

A

the sum of amplitudes at each moment in time; complex waves are combines by superposition

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4
Q

What are Components?

A

the sine waves that make up complex waves

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5
Q

What is a Complex Periodic Wave?

A

any wave with a regularly repeating pattern that is not a single sine wave

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6
Q

Frequency components (i.e. each of the component sine waves) of a Complex Periodic Wave often have _________ relation to the _________ frequency component.

A

harmonic; lowest

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7
Q

What is a Complex Aperiodic Wave?

A

non-repetitive
no fundamental frequency
no harmonics

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8
Q

What is an example of Complex Aperiodic Waves?

A

Noise
- pink
- brown
- blue
- white

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9
Q

Describe Fourier Analysis.

A

any complex waveform that can be broken down into individual sine waves

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10
Q

Describe Waveform Synthesis.

A

the process of using superposition to combine individual sine waves into a waveform

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11
Q

Define Harmonics.

A

integer multiples of the lowest frequency component

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12
Q

Fundamental Frequency is defines as the ___ harmonic

A

1st

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13
Q

A component that is 2x the fundamental frequency is the ____ harmonic

A

2nd

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14
Q

Define Fundamental Frequency

A

usually the lowest frequency component of a complex wave

may be the GCD of the component frequencies

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15
Q

Fundamental Frequency of a complex periodic wave may be the frequency of which all the ______ frequencies are integer multiples

A

higher

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16
Q

Describe Overtones.

A

Only includes harmonics above the fundamental frequency

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17
Q

the 1st overtone= the ____ harmonic

A

2nd

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18
Q

Describe Partials

A

any of the frequency components of a complex wave

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19
Q

T/F: Partials may not include non harmonic frequencies

A

false; partials may include non harmonic frequencies

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20
Q

Domain of waveform

A

time

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21
Q

Range of waveform

A

amplitude

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22
Q

Domain of spectrum

A

frequency

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23
Q

Range of spectrum

A

amplitude

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24
Q

Can waveform components determine the frequency components of a complex wave?

25
In a spectrum how are frequency components displayed?
vertical lines
26
Describe Sawtooth Waves
even and odd harmonics amplitude decreases with the # of the harmonic slope of spectral envelope is -6dB per octave
27
Describe Square Waves
odd harmonics amplitude decreases with the # of harmonics slope of spectral envelope is -6dB per octave
28
Describe Triangular Waves
odd harmonics Successive amplitudes drop faster than square waves slope of spectral evelope is -12dB per octave
29
Describe a Single Pulse/ Click
a single rectangular shaped waveform aperiodic
30
The shorter the click the ______ the spectrum
flatter
31
Describe a pulse train
a series of pulses at regular intervals
32
What is the Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory?
incomplete theory, not wrong just insufficient pressure builds up forcing VFs apart The VFs move back because of tissue elasticity and Bernoulli effect
33
What are limitations to the Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory
energy loss - acoustic - friction need asymmetry of forces during open/ closed phases
34
Describe the time domain of the Glottal Source Signal
volume velocity waveform, not acoustic the shape is similar to sawtooth and triangular waves quasiperiodic voice has a fundamental frequency open vs close quotient
35
Describe the Glottal Source Signal frequency domain characterisitics
even and odd harmonics - similar to sawtooth waves 12dB per octave - similar to triangular waves real voices have non harmonic partials
36
Define Phonation Threshold Pressure.
The minimal transglottal [ressure differential needed for vibration
37
Phonation Threshold Pressure increases with ____________ _____________ and __________
fundamental frequency; pathology
38
What is a Phonetogram?
full range of both amplitude and frequency quietest to loudest at each frequency from low to high
39
What is another name for pulse register
glottal fry
40
What is another name for modal register
chest voice
41
What is another name for falsetto register
head voice
42
Describe Pulse register
VFs are short and thick w/ high medial compression possible involvement of false VFs Multiphasic Closure: several irregular quiverings at mucosal edge in each vibratory cycle Low freq. low vobratory amplitude (cant shout) creaky quality 90% closed phase
43
Describe Modal Register
all parts of VFs participate - cover is loose, body vibrates wide range of freq widest range of amplitude 60% closed pahse
44
Describe Falsetto Register
high tension in the cricothyroid muscle, lengthening VFs - less vibration in the muscle and deep layer, most vibration is in cover wide range of freq vocal ligament taught, cover is loose medial (phonatory) egdes are thin, sharp slight glottic gap causes breathy air quality vibratory amplitude is less than modal (smaller dynamic range)
45
HYPOfunctional voice
incomplete glottic closure breath voice less periodic low HNR long open phase
46
HYPERfunctional voice
excessive glottic closure tight, pressed, rough, strained voice quality less period long closed phase
47
What causes HYPOfunctional voice
mass lesion paralysis VF bowing
48
What causes HYPERfunctional voice
muscle tension dysphonia adductor spasmodic dysphonia laryngitis, cancer, other broad mass lesions
49
What is Jitter?
small disturbances in freq form cycle to cycle instead of being uniform
50
What is Shimmer?
cycle to cycle ariants in amplitude
51
What speech samples are used to measure jitter and shimmer
sustained vowels
52
Can normal human voices have jitter and shimmer at the same time?
yes
53
Define Harmonics to Noise Ratio.
proportion of harmonic sound to noise in voice measured in dB quntifies relative strength of harmonics over noise
54
Higher HNR=
harmonic sound dominates over noise
55
Harmonics to noise ratio has high correlation with the perception of voice quality for
hoarseness, breathiness, and roughness
56
Define Maximum Phonation Time
the maximum time in sec for which a person can sustain a vowel sound when produced in one deep breath at a relatively comfortable pitch and loudness
57
Decreased MPT may be due to
deficits in the respiratory system insufficiency in VF vibration
58

CDIS 3475 Speech Science (2 decks)

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