FINAL Flashcards by Liam McClellan

What are some of earth’s spheres?

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

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What is the average elevation of the earth

2070 M

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What is the principle of superposition?

the relative dating using rock strata

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What are the steps of gradation?

Erosion, transport, and deposition

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what are the four factors of sediment transport?

gravity,wind, water, and ice

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what is runoff?

water moving from one place to another

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what is gradient?

slope

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What is a nickpoint?

an abrupt change in gradient

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What is a base level?

the level below a body of water that can no longer be eroded

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what is the base level of the Chippewa?

sea level.

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Hydraulic action, bank carving, abrasion (sanding) and solution (corrosion) are all prinicples of what?

Stream erosion

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Single channels, suspended sediment, point bars, and cut banks are all principles of what channel pattern?

meandering channels

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Coarser sediment, bedload dominated, fluctuating discharge, and alluvial fans (mouth of dried up river)

braided channels

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What are alluvial terraces?

steps for the river, created by the river downcutting.

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what is an entrenched meander?

incised river excavating deeply into landscape

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what is a floodplain?

a flat low area along a river subject to flooding, levee formation.

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what is the equation for runoff?

Precipitation - evaporation +/- change in storage (measured in m^3 /s)

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What is a snow line?

lowest elevation where snow remains year round (high lats / high elevation)

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what is the process of making a glacier?

loose snow to finn (packed snow) to glacial ice

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What are the characteristics of an alpine glacier>

ice cap and ice field

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What is the characteristic of a continental glacier?

ice sheet

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What is the zone of accumulation on a glacier?

stacking or ice input

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what is the zone of ablation on a glacier?

melt or output

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When is antarctica at it’s maximum size?

October

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what are characteristics of glacial movement?

crevasses and glacial surges

What is the glacial process of abrasion?

erosion (like sandpaper)

What is the glacial process of plucking?

Cracks expanding with refreezed water

What is a glacial flour?

fine sand as a result of grinding

What is a cirque?

a bowl atop a mountain

What is an arrete?

sharp ridge atop a mountaint

what is a horn?

a peak or top of a mountain

what is a col?

a pass or low point atop a mountain

What is a tarn?

a mountain lake

what are naternonoster lakes?

valley lakes

what are fjords?

flooded ushape valleys

what are rouche mountainnee?

teardrop shaped mountain rocks

what are ocean currents?

longshore currents driven by prevailing wind patterns on earth's surface?

what are tides?

rise and fall of ocean levels as a result of the graviational attraction of the moon on the earth

what is a spring tide?

the allignment of the sun and earth that results in extreme tides

what is a neap tide?

the unusually low tides

what is an ebb current?

current pulling things seaward

what is a flood current?

current pulling things landward

What are waves?

instruments of water motion in a loop-shaped pattern, with characteristics of wind direction, strength, and fetch.

what is swash?

landward waves

what is backwash?

seaward wavesq

What is a littoral zone?

contact between land and water and mean sea level based on average tides.

What is litorral drift?

beach drift and longshore drift.

What is wave refraction?

distribution of wave energy along shore, converging at headlands, and diverging in bays.

What is eustatic?

worldwide sea level change.

what levels of glacial deposits?

supra (top) en (middle) and sub (bottom)

what is a moraine?

an accumulation of debris carried by a glacial

What is a lateral moraine?

debris on the side of glacier

what is a mdeial moraine?

debris of two laterals coming together (like line dividing traffic lanes)

what is a terminal moraine?

debris at the end of a glacier

what is a recessional moraine?

debris that travels backwards

what is a ground morraine?

debris found under a glacier

What is till?

deposited material

what is erattic?

foreign till

what are drumlins?

teardrop tills that point skinny way to where iceberg was going

What is an esker?

ridge of gravel or sand

What is salt water intrusion?

salt water that is pushed inland (Me Kong Delta in Vietnam)

What is quaternary glaciation?

cycles of glaciation that are interrupted by warm interglacials (multiple in last 2.58 MY)

What is the most recent glacial stage?

Wisconinan

What is the most recent interglacial stage?

Sangamonian

What is the second most recent glacial stage?

Illinonian

What is the study of glaciation?

Paleoclimatology

What are some characteristics of glaciation?

changed landscape, lowered sea temperatures and levels

What is wind fetch?

the distance where wind can affect water

FINAL Flashcards

(68 cards)