MidTerm

Question 1

Attraction of like molecules and surface tension is an example of what?

Answer 1

Cohesive forces

Question 2

Water attracting different molecules is an example of what?

Answer 2

Adhesive forces

Question 3

Heat Changing with phase is the concept of what?

Answer 3

Latent Heat

Question 4

The concept of water taking in temperatures at a slower rate and needing more energy to change temperature is what?

Answer 4

High Specific Heat

Question 5

What accelerates chemical reactions?

Answer 5

Chemical Catalysts

Question 6

What are the 4 main storages of freshwater on earth?

Answer 6

Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil Moisture, and Biomass

Question 7

What percentage of water on earth’s surface is freshwater?

Answer 7

2.8%

Question 8

How does water enter soils

Answer 8

infiltration

Question 9

What is the movement of water?

Answer 9

Runoff

Question 10

Where is the Ogalala Aquifer?

Answer 10

The Plains

Question 11

What is the wilting point soil?

Answer 11

No water available

Question 12

What is Porosity?

Answer 12

how much water you can fit in between the grains

Question 13

What is field capacity?

Answer 13

The availability of water for plant growth, without drowning the plant.

Question 14

How do you calculate Available Water?

Answer 14

Field capacity - wilting point

Question 15

What is the largest storage of water?

Answer 15

Groundwater

Question 16

What is an Aquifer

Answer 16

a place in the hydrologic cycle that temporarily stores water.

Question 17

What is the recharge zone?

Answer 17

area where fresh water goes to a confined aquafer

Question 18

What is Insolation?

Answer 18

Latitude, sun angle, and duration

Question 19

What are controls on temperature?

Answer 19

Insolation, Elevation, Continentality, and ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns

Question 20

What is altitudinal zonation?

Answer 20

altitude determining plant hardiness

Question 21

What are the four drivers of global precipitation?

Answer 21

uneven distribution of solar energy, pressure differences, Coriolis effect, density differences.

Question 22

What does the Climate Type A mean?

Answer 22

coldest month is over or equal 18 degrees Celsius

Question 23

what does the climate type B: mean?

Answer 23

Dry with evaporation exceeding precipitation

Question 24

What does the climate type C mean?

Answer 24

temperate with the coldest month is between 0 and 18 degrees Celsius

Question 25

What does the climate type D mean?

Answer 25

Continental with coldest temperature below zero and the warmest above 10 degrees celsius

Question 26

What are characteristics of the humid east?

Answer 26

high precipitation, smaller aquifers, more contamination, needs more food, lots of groundwater contamination

Question 27

what are characteristics of the arid west?

Answer 27

little precipitation, lots of aquafers, little contamination, uncomfortable water supply, and growing industry and population.

Question 28

Why are soils important?

Answer 28

they are a medium for plant growth and earth's permeable near-surface layer

Question 29

How much of our soil is minerals?

Answer 29

45% by volume

Question 30

How much of our soil is organics?

Answer 30

5%

Question 31

How much of our soils is water?

Answer 31

25%

Question 32

How much of our soil is air?

Answer 32

25%

Question 33

What does CLORPT stand for?

Answer 33

Climate, Organics, Relief (slope), Parent Material, Time

Question 34

What does Oh Aunt Edith Be Careful Rowing! refer to?

Answer 34

soil horizons; organic, Topsoil, Eluviation (loss), B Illuviation (gains), Weathered bedrock, Consolidated Bedrock

Question 35

What are the 12 levels of soil taxonomy

Answer 35

Aridsols, Oxisols, Mollisols, Gelisols, Sprondosols, Alfisols, Ultisols

Question 36

What is a feature of Aridsol

Answer 36

volcanic ash

Question 37

What is a feature of vertisols

Answer 37

expandable clay

Question 38

What is a feature of Entisols

Answer 38

Young and weak soils

Question 39

What is a feature of inceptisols

Answer 39

early horizon

Question 40

What is a feature of histosols

Answer 40

organic peatty grassland

Question 41

What is a feature of ardisols

Answer 41

desert (BW)

Question 42

What is a feature of mollisols

Answer 42

grassland (B)

Question 43

What is a feature of oxisols

Answer 43

weatherment (a climate)

Question 44

What is a feature of spodosols

Answer 44

acidic forest soils (D climates / pine)

Question 45

What is a feature of ultisols

Answer 45

leached zone of clay accumulation

Question 46

What is a feature of gelisols

Answer 46

permafrost soils (E)

Question 47

What is a feature of alfisols

Answer 47

they are c climates

Question 48

Where is the biospere?

Answer 48

anywhere there is life

Question 49

What does the biosphere consist of?

Answer 49

ecosystems

Question 50

What does the biosphere link?

Answer 50

atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere to living organisms

Question 51

Who founded biogeography?

Answer 51

Humboldt

Question 52

How is insolation used by plants?

Answer 52

Solar energy and cellular respiration

Question 53

What is NPP?

Answer 53

the amount of stored chemical energy