Final

Question 0

Groundwater is the largest reservoir of ______ that is readily available to humans

Answer 0

Freshwater

Question 1

6/10 of __ percent of the hydrosphere is groundwater

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Groundwater % out of all water

Answer 2

14.6%

Question 3

Groundwater % out of all liquid freshwater

Answer 3

94.05%

Question 4

Groundwater acts as an erosional agent dissolving soluble _______ such as ______.

Answer 4

bedrock

Limestone

Question 5

Most groundwater soaks into the ground from _________.

Answer 5

Precipitation

Question 6

Zone of soil moisture

Answer 6

Zone where water is held by molecular attraction on soil particles in the near-surface zone

Used by plants

Evaporates directly back into the atmosphere

Question 7

Zone of saturation

Answer 7

Zone where all the pore spaces are completely filled with water

Question 8

Water table

Answer 8

Upper limit of the zone of saturation

Question 9

Unsaturated zone (vadose zone)

Answer 9

Area above the zone of saturation

Pore spaces include air and water

Question 10

Capillary fringe

Answer 10

Region where groundwater is held in pore spaces by surface tension

Question 11

Interaction between groundwater and streams constitutes a basic link in the ________ cycle.

Answer 11

Hydrological

Question 12

Gaining streams

Answer 12

Gain water from the inflow of groundwater through the stream bed

Water table is higher than the stream surface

Question 13

Losing streams

Answer 13

Lose water to the groundwater system by outflow through the stream bed

Water table is lower than the stream surface

Question 16

Losing stream becomes disconnected by the ____ _____, and a bulge may form in the water table.

Answer 16

Unsaturated zone

Question 17

Porosity

Answer 17

The percentage of pore(open) spaces in a rock or sediment

Question 18

______ depends on the size and shape of the grains, how we’ll they are sorted, and how tightly they are packed

Answer 18

Porosity

Question 19

_____ determines how much groundwater can be stored.

Answer 19

Porosity

Question 20

Ability of a material to transmit a fluid

Answer 20

Permeability

Question 21

_____ is an impermeable layer that hinders or presents water movement and is usually clay

Answer 21

Aquitard

Question 22

______ is permeable rock strata or sediment that transmits groundwater freely

Answer 22

Aquifer

Examples: sands and gravels

Question 23

Groundwater moves very _____.

Answer 23

Slowly ; 4 cm per day

Question 24

A simple groundwater flow system

Answer 24

The force of gravity and pressure differences move groundwater

Question 25

In a simple groundwater system, Groundwater is replenished in areas of _____.

Answer 25

Recharge

Question 26

In a simple groundwater flow system, groundwater flows back to the surface in a ____ ____.

Answer 26

Discharge area

Question 27

Darcy's Law

Answer 27

Measure of the volume of Atwater that flows through an aquifer, using the hydraulic gradient, conductivity, and cross-sectional area

Question 28

______ is the water table slope

Answer 28

Hydronic gradient

Question 29

______ _____ takes into account the permeability of the aquifer and viscosity of the liquid to determine how fast water will flow through a medium

Answer 29

Hydronic conductivity

Question 30

Hydraulic gradient formula

Answer 30

H1-H2 -------- d

Question 31

A ____ is a hole bored into the zone of saturation

Answer 31

Well

Question 32

Drawdown

Answer 32

As water is withdrawn from the well, the surrounding water table is lowered

Question 33

Cone of depression

Answer 33

Forms around a well

Question 34

An ______ well or spring is a system where groundwater under pressure rises above the level of the aquifer

Answer 34

Artesian

Question 35

Af aquifer confined by aquitards is called a _____ _____.

Answer 35

Confined aquifer

Question 36

Non flowing artesian well

Answer 36

Pressure surface is below ground level

Question 37

Flowing artesian well

Answer 37

Pressure surface is above the ground

Question 38

A natural outflow of Atwater from the intersection of the water table and the ground surface is called a _____.

Answer 38

Spring

Question 39

Water in hot springs is heated by what?

Answer 39

Cooling of igneous rock Some by geothermal gradient

Question 40

Intermittent hot springs in which columns of water erupt with force

Answer 40

Geysers

Question 41

How do geysers work?

Answer 41

Occurs where extensive underground chambers exist within hot igneous rock Groundwater heats, expands, changes to steam, and erupts

Question 42

Geyser deposits

Answer 42

Chemical sedimentary rock accumulates at the surface

Question 43

Type of rock reflects the ___ _____ of the bedrock

Answer 43

Chemical makeup

Question 44

Mining groundwater

Answer 44

Treating groundwater as a non renewable resource

Question 45

What is subsidence? | Example

Answer 45

The ground sinks when water is pumped from wells faster than natural recharge processes can replace it San Joaquin valley of California

Question 46

____ ____ is the excessive groundwater withdrawal causes saltwater to be drawn into wells, thus contaminating the freshwater supply

Answer 46

Saltwater contamination

Question 47

Groundwater is often mildly _____.

Answer 47

Acidic

Question 48

_____ acid reacts with ____ in limestone to form calcium bicarbonate, a soluble material.

Answer 48

Carbonic Calcite

Question 49

Caverns

Answer 49

Created by acidic groundwater dissolves limestone bedrock About 17,000 caves in the US

Question 50

When calcium carbonate deposited as dripping water evaporates, it is called ______.

Answer 50

Travertine

Question 51

_____ is the general name for all dripstone features

Answer 51

Speleothem

Question 52

Stalactites

Answer 52

Hanging from ceiling

Question 53

Stalagmites

Answer 53

Form on the floor of a cavern

Question 54

___ ____ is a landscape that has been shaped mainly by the dissolving power of groundwater.

Answer 54

Karst topography

Question 55

Common features of Karst topography include:

Answer 55

Irregular terrain Sinkholes Striking lack of surface drainage

Question 56

Zone of Aeration

Answer 56

All pore spaces are filled with air

Question 57

Water is pulled up through ____ ____.

Answer 57

Capillary action

Question 58

Losing stream that is connected provides water to the _____ _____.

Answer 58

Groundwater system

Question 71

How can a stream be a combination of gaining and losing streams?

Answer 71

A stream can gain in some sections and lose in others