final

Question 1

flexion of head towards affected side
depression of shoulder
scapula retracted
IR & adduction of GH
elbow flexed
forearm pronated
wrist and fingers flexed
thumb adduction

=

Answer 1

flexor patter of upper body

Question 2

adduction, ER, flexion of hip
knee flexed
dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle
toes flexed

Answer 2

flexor pattern of lower extremity

Question 3

teeth clenched together w extreme force

Answer 3

bite reflex

Question 4

ROM is interrupted by tremors stopping and starting through the movement

= what type of rigidity

Answer 4

cogwheel

Question 5

what condition is “shoulder hand syndrome” associated w

Answer 5

hemiplegia

Question 6

decreased ROM of the shoulder and hand followed w throbbing P and edema

elbow is symptom free

=

Answer 6

shoulder hand syndrome

Question 7

poor coordination (damage to cerebellum) =

Answer 7

ataxic

Question 8

A client with Multiple Sclerosis describes increasing symptoms following attacks, periods of
remission becoming less frequent =

Answer 8

chronic progressive attack remitting MS

Question 9

anterior cord syndrome will present

Answer 9

bilateral motor pain and temperature losses

Question 10

Pt w ms describes: between attacks symptoms either completely resolve or only mild disability remains

Answer 10

benign / mild attack remitting MS

Question 11

When assessing a client w hemiplegia what might the pt present w around their shoulder

Answer 11

hemiplegic shoulder

pain in adduction and IR w retraction of scapula resulting in anterior sublux of GH

Question 12

triggered by stimulation or pressure to the back of the head or trunk, person vigorously extends limbs/arches back

Answer 12

extensor thrust pattern

Question 13

slight ext of pt’s neck and head w trunk bent away from the affected side, scapula retraction, IR of GH, elbow ext forearm pronation, hand/fingers in flexion

Answer 13

extensor pattern of upper body

Question 14

adduction, IR and ext of hip, ext of knee, PF and inversion of ankle

Answer 14

extensor pattern of lower body

Question 15

What type of rigidity - a uniform resistance through the ROM (palpated)

Answer 15

lead pipe

Question 16

Seizure presents- blank stare, change in postural tone, short in time

Answer 16

petit mal

Question 17

A central cord spinal injury involves what pattern of injury

Answer 17

mostly motor and sensory affected in the UPEXT w less effect to LEXT

Question 18

Describe the onset of resting tremors in parkinsons

Answer 18

starts in one hand then in the foot/limb of same side

after time, the tremor presents on other side

pin rolling tremor

Question 19

uncontrolled movement (injury to basal ganglia)

Answer 19

athetoid or dyskineisia

Question 20

acute phase of hemiplegia after a stroke

Answer 20

mm on affected side will be flaccid, last for a few days → weeks, no spasticity or reflex patterns present

Question 21

gait present with hemiplegia or MS

Answer 21

circumduction

Question 22

occurs when loss of inhibition of alpha motor neuron firing

resistance of limb to passive movement

Answer 22

spasticity

Question 23

stiffening of legs in ext or tight flexion

can occur in response to pressure on ball of foot or stretching of plantar surface by dorsiflexing toes

Answer 23

positive supporting reaction

Question 24

ratchet-like movement of an affected limb, limb can be moved a short distance through ROM but movement is interrupted by a tremor, movement stops for a moment & then resumed again – cycle repeated throughout ROM

Answer 24

coghweel rigidity

Question 25

decreased ROM of SH & hand, followed by throbbing P & edema – elbow remains symptom free – syndrome usually occurs with a lesion of the premotor cortex

Answer 25

shoulder hand syndrome

Question 26

mild form, few exacerbations followed by complete recovery & client remains asymptomatic

Answer 26

benign MS

Question 27

repeated cycles of exacerbation & remission, symptoms such as double vision, slurred speech, numbness & tingling anywhere in body can occur during these attacks

Answer 27

attack - remitting MS

Question 28

results in increased symptoms following attacks, in some cases, remission periods become less & less frequent, disability increases continuously

Answer 28

chronic progressive attack remitting MS

Question 29

rapid progression of symptoms & disability, can be fatal within a few years, more severe form of MS, least common

Answer 29

acute progressive MS

Question 30

spinal cord begins from medulla oblongata, just superior to foramen magnum and ends at ___ where it becomes the ___ and then cauda equina

Answer 30

L2 conus medullaris

Question 31

most vulnerable segments of spinal cord

Answer 31

C4-C6 T12-L1

Question 32

difference between complete and incomplete spinal cord injury

Answer 32

complete - lesion results in total loss of function below level of lesion incomplete - lesion results in some function below level of lesion

Question 33

damage in the centre of the cord w the periphery of the cord unaffected

Answer 33

central cord syndrome cause = hyperextension, usually C-spine, affects elderly w arthritic changes to spine

Question 34

central cord syndrome impairement

Answer 34

motor and sensory abilities of upper limbs affected, mm weak or flaccid, LL spared or less affected

Question 35

damage to one side of the cord

Answer 35

brown sequard syndrome cause - stabbing and gunshot wounds

Question 36

brown sequard syndrome impairement

Answer 36

on same side of lesion, decreased or absent motor function, proprioception, vibration and two point discrimination but normal P and temp perception

Question 37

damage to the anterior spinal artery or anterior aspect of the cord, resulting in corticospinal & spinothalamic tract injury

Answer 37

anterior cord syndrome cause - direct trauma, often hyperflexion injury

Question 38

anterior cord syndrome impairement

Answer 38

variable bilateral loss of motor function & P, temp and crude touch perception, proprioception

Question 39

3 main causes of cerebral palsy

Answer 39

1. hypoxia and ischemia 2. trauma to, rupture of, cerebral blood vessels 3. toxicity and infection

Question 40

most common type of polio

Answer 40

spinal poliomyelitis - inflammation & destruction of anterior horn cells may occur at any level of spinal cord

Question 41

most serious type of polio

Answer 41

bulbar poliomyelitis - involves cranial nerves and sometimes cardiorespiratory centre poor prognosis

Question 42

where are lesions most commonly found w MS

Answer 42

brain stem cerebellum spinal cord

Question 43

what cranial nerves are most often involved in MS

Answer 43

optic trigeminal

Question 44

causes only mild disability when the attack subsides (MS)

Answer 44

benign or mild attack remitting

Question 45

acute episode of exaggerated sympathetic response evoked by painful stimuli in the abdomen/pelvic area

Answer 45

autonomic dysreflexia occurs w lesion at T6 or above - severe hypertension 300/160 - bradycardia - sudden pounding headache - considered an emergency

Question 46

what do you do if autonomic dysreflexia occurs

Answer 46

place the client in upright position w the head raised up to 45 degrees supportive or tight clothing is loosened noxious stimuli is removed medical attention is sought

Question 47

resistance to movement in flexion, extension, rotation

Answer 47

rigidity

Question 48

after a stroke , mms on affected side are flaccid & no spasticity/reflex pattern are present yet

Answer 48

acute phase hemiplegia

Question 49

painful condition of shoulder - adduction, internal rotation, retraction of scapula

Answer 49

hemiplegic shoulder often results in subluxation of humerus

Question 50

decrease in ROM of sh and hand followed by throbbing pain and edema - elbow remains symptom free

Answer 50

shoulder-hand syndrome

Question 51

One side of body involved. Usually rigidity or tremors are present. If symptoms are mild, no treatment is given. If they are moderate, massage and physio are helpful.

Answer 51

stage 1 parkinsons

Question 52

Both sides of the body are involved. Moderate tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia are present. Balance is not affected. Levodopa drug therapy begins

Answer 52

stage 2 parkinsons

Question 53

Significant tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia are present. Balance and walking are now impaired. Other symptoms include unsteadiness, dystonia and freezing.

Answer 53

stage 3 parkinsons

Question 54

Increasingly severe disability results because of severe bradykinesia. While walking is still possible, there is marked impairment. Some assistance is required with ADL’s.

Answer 54

stage 4 parkinsons

Question 55

There is a loss of ability to function independently. Person is immobile.

Answer 55

stage 5

Question 56

anterior horns of the grey matter contain

Answer 56

lower motor neurons whos axons terminate in skeletal muscle

Question 57

what horns contain sympathetic fibres from the ANS

Answer 57

lateral horns

Question 58

what horns contain sensory fibers

Answer 58

posterior horns

Question 59

what are the most vulnerable segments of the spinal cord

Answer 59

C4-C6 and T12-L1

Question 60

results in total loss of function below the level of the lesion. There may be nerve breakage because the spinal cord is stretched, ischemia or total transection of the spinal cord

Answer 60

complete lesion

Question 61

results in some function below the level of the lesion

Answer 61

incomplete lesion

Question 62

lack of movement control

Answer 62

palsy

Question 63

main causes of cerebral palsy

Answer 63

-hypoxia and ischemia -trauma to or rupture of cerebral blood vessels -toxicity and infection

Question 64

least common form of cerebral palsy

Answer 64

ataxic

Question 65

joints with least restriction are moved first followed by

Answer 65

those that are most restricted

Question 66

if a pt with parkinsons is having a benign /essential tremors what does it look like

Answer 66

trembling in both hands, can spread to head and voice progresses slowly w long periods of remission occurs when hand is held in a particular position, like holding a cup it does NOT occur at rest and will cease when limb Is supported

Question 67

what is the cardinal sign to diagnose for parkinsons

Answer 67

bradykinesia others are resting tremor or rigidity

Question 68

what does polio attack

Answer 68

motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

Question 69

Ulcer stages: full thickness damage, skin loss to subcutaneous cavity is created crust is eschar, thick, leathery necrotic tissue

Answer 69

stage 3

Question 70

ulcer stages: full thickness damage, necrosis to bone and mm deep cavity w crust and leads to sepsis

Answer 70

stage 4

Question 71

stiff mms (spasticity) associated w damage to or developmental differences in the ______

Answer 71

cerebral cortex

Question 72

uncontrollable movements (dyskinesia) assciated w damage to ____

Answer 72

basal ganglia athetoid

Question 73

poor balance and coordination associated w damage to ___

Answer 73

cerebellum ataxia