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midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

motor loss =

A

flaccidity

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2
Q

weakness =

A

paresis

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3
Q

sensory loss =

A

anesthesia

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4
Q

sensory impairment =

A

paresthesia

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5
Q

pain =

A

dysesthesia

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6
Q

first degree nerve lesion

A

neuropraxia

no structural damage
local demyelination of nerve fibers
weeks-month recovery
loss of motor function but sesnory and autonomic fibers are unaffected

good prognosis

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7
Q

second degree nerve lesion

A

axonotmesis

prolonged, severe compression
degeneration of axons distal to injury
sensory, motor, autonomic losses occur
endoneurial tube intact

good prognosis

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8
Q

third degree nerve lesion

A

neurotmesis

severance of all or part of nerve trunk
endoneurial tube not intact
sensory,motor,autonomic losses

prognosis is poor

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9
Q

inflammation of nerve

A

neuritis
constant dull pain

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10
Q

abnormal sympathetic reflex resulting in arterial spasm =

A

reflex sympathetic dystrophy AKA complex regional pain syndrome

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11
Q

tumor composed of nerve cells

A

neuromas

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12
Q

nerve pain

A

neuralgia

recurrent attacks of sudden, excrutiating pain along distribution of affected nerve

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13
Q

what nerves are commonly affected with neuralgia

A

trigeminal and intercostal

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14
Q

3 divisions of CN V - trigeminal

A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

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15
Q

severe pain syndrome =

A

causalgia

sudden onset of intense persistent , burning pain

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16
Q

avoid tractioning until…

A

the nerve has fully regenerated

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17
Q

no hydro therapy until..

A

autonomic and vasomotor control has returned

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18
Q

complete radial nerve injury =

C5-T1

A

wrist drop

flaccid extensors

injury proximal to elbow = sensory and motor affected

injury distal to elbow= sensory or motor

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19
Q

complete ulnar nerve injury =

C8-T1

A

claw hand

mm wasting at thenar eminence

oath hand/ benedict

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20
Q

complete median nerve injury =

C5-T1

A

ape hand

loss of thenar flexors, opponens pollicis

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21
Q

rapidly progressing inflammatory disease results in demyelination of peripheral nerves =

A

guillan barre syndrome

caused mainly by vacciness

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22
Q

sciatic nerve innervates what mm’s

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
long head biceps femoris
1/2 adductor magnus

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23
Q

mm’s innervated by common peroneal nerve (8)

A

extensor digitorum longus
peroneus longus
tib ant
extensor hallucis longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis

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24
Q

mms innervated by tibial

A

gastroc
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
tib post
flex digitorum longus
flex hallucis longus

intrinsic mms
flexor digitorum brevis
flexor hallucis brevis
abductor hallucis
adductor hallucis
lumbricals
interossei

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25
complete sciatic nerve lesion =
foot drop paralysis of dorsiflexors and evertors cause foot to hang in plantar flexion and inversion person must lift leg high to walk, placing toe down first steppage gait
26
loss of intrinsic foot mms w tibial nerve lesion =
claw toe hyperextension at MTP and flexion of IP
27
what portion of leg carries the bulk of autonomic fibers
tibial portion
28
lesions involving tibial nerve =
severe trophic changes and edema in sole of foot and toes
29
what can occur with sciatic nerve lesions involving the tibial branch
causalgia
30
where is altered sensation experienced with the peroneal division
lateral and anterior surface of lower leg and foot , medial malleous
31
erbs paralysis
injury to UPPER brachial plexus C5/C6 nerve roots
32
presentation of erb's
waiters tip shoulder adducted and internally rotated elbow extended forearm pronated wrist and fingers flexed
33
klumpke's paralysis
injury involving LOWER brachial plexus C8/T1 nerve roots *claw hand* horners syndrome combination of median and ulnar lesion
34
horner's syndrome
manifests on affected side - constriction of pupil - drooping of eyelid - loss of sweating to face and neck - recession of eyeball into orbit
35
where does guillan barre typically begin
weakness in legs and ascends to trunk and arms
36
with radial nerve lesion where would the fracture be
spiral radial groove dislocation of head of radius, humeroradial and radioulnar joints
37
w median nerve lesion where would the fracture be
elbow, wrist, carpal bones dislocations of elbow, wrist, carpal bones (lunate, scaphoid)
38
what are the thenar mms
abductor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis flexor pollicis brevis
39
w ulnar nevre lesion where would the fracture be
medial epicondyle , mid forearm or wrist (colles) dislocation of elbow
40
hypothenar mms
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi
41
positive fromens sign affects what mm's ability to maintain firm grip on an object
flexor pollicis longus
42
SH depression, abd to 90, elbow flexion, supination, wrist and finger ext, sh ext rotation
ULTT IV
43
nerve fibres that travel from CNS to mms are known as
efferent
44
area of isolated supply for median nerve
tips of 2nd and 3rd digits
45
dermatome over deltoids
C5
46
dermatome: buttock, posterior/lateral thigh, lateral leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole, 1,2,3 toes
L5
47
commoon fracture sites for sciatic
pelvis, femur, tibia, fibular head, ankle dislocations at hip, knee, ankle compression from piriformis
48
where does the sciatic nerve split
popliteal fossa
49
path of sciatic N
leaves sacral plexus through greater sciatic foramen, under piriformis between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter deep and follows adductor magnus down leg
50
SH =depression and abduction to 110 elbow = extension forearm = supination wrist = extension fingers and thumb = extension cervical spine - contralateral side flexion
ULTT1 median and anterior interosseous
51
SH = depression and abd to 10 elbow = ext forearm = supination wrist = ext fingers and thumb = ext shoulder = lateral rotation cervical = contralateral
ULTT2 median N musculocutaneus axillary
52
SH = depression, abd to 10 elbow = ext forearm = pronation wrist = flexion and ulnar deviation fingers and thumb = flexion shoulder = med rotation cervical - contra side flexion
ULTT3 radial
53
SH = depression, abd to 90 elbow = flexion forearm = supination wrist = ext and radial deviation fingers and thumb = extension shoulder = lateral rotation cervical = contra side flexion
ULTT4 ulnar
54
when the neck is extended, rotated and laterally flexed
erbs
55
falling from a height and grab onto something to catch fall causes traction as the body weight stretches the C8/T1 nerve roots
klumpkes median and ulnar lesion claw hand wasting of forearm mm's
56
what is a positive test for tinels
paresthesia, or tingling along the disruption of a nerve common for carpal tunnel
57
locations for tinels test
brachial plexus ulnar nerve saphenous common peroneal deep peroneal posterior tibial
58
what do afferent/ sensory neurons convery
sensory stimuli from the skin and deeper structures to the CNS
59
epineurium around fascicles
endoneurium surrounds individual fibers
60
somatic efferent fibers=
motor neurons
61
with intercostal neuralgia where is pain especially intense
where the cutaneus branches emerge at the spine, at the lateral axillary line and at sternum
62
person tries to make a fist and cannot do it bc only the 4th and 5th digits can be flexed
oath hand
63
thumb lying in same plane as the rest of the hand - loss of opposition
ape
64
median nerve altered sensation
thumb, index, middle and 1/2 of 4th digit of flexor surface, distal 2/3 of palm
65
where does anesthesia occur w median nerve lesion In the fingers
DIP jt of 1st and 2nd digits
66
where does anesthesia occur w radial lesion in the hand
web between the thumb and second digit
67
where does alterered sensation occur w median nerve lesion
posterior arm, forarm and hand, thumb, index, middle, 1/2 ring finger, excluding fingertips
68
5th digit hyperextended and abducted at MCP jt and flexed at IP jt 4th digit hyperextended at MCP w varying amounts of flexion at IP
claw hand
69
loss of adductor pollicis =
positive froments sign
70
alterered sensation experienced 5th digit, medial half of ring finger, palmar and dorsal
ulnar nerve
71
what does the tibial nerve divide into
medial and lateral plantar nerves
72
what is formed from the tibial and common peroneal nerve
sural nerve
73
where is anesthesia experienced on dorsal surface of the foot at web space between great toe and second digit =
peroneal nerve lesion
74
related conditions to sciatic
lumbar spine conditions piriformis syndrome acute disc herniation degenerative disc disease

Neuro Tx (6 decks)

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