FINAL

Question 1

What is the first pass effect?

Answer 1

Medication taken by mouth must go through the digestive system so it requires a higher dose

Question 2

Sympathetic effects

Answer 2

Fight or flight
Increased HR, RR, slowed digestion, bronchodilation, inhibits bladder control

Question 3

Parasympathetic effects

Answer 3

Rest and digest
Decreased HR, RR, increased digestion, bronchoconstriction,
contracts bladder

Question 4

Advantages of inhalation therapy

Answer 4

Less side effects, rapid onset, smaller doses, safe and convenient

Question 5

Routes of administration

Answer 5

oral (PO), sublingual (SL), nasogastric tube (NG), PEG tube, rectal (PR)
IV, IM, SC, transdermal and inhalation

Question 6

Drug metabolism takes place in…

Answer 6

Your liver

Question 7

Drug excretion takes place in…

Answer 7

Your kidneys

Question 8

Class of albuterol and action

Answer 8

Beta 2 agonist (adrenergic)
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation)
Short acting (rescue) SABA

Question 9

Inspiratory flow rate for DPI

Answer 9

40-60 L/m

Question 10

Continuous nebulization is used to treat…

Answer 10

Severe asthma

Question 11

Beta 1 response is…

Answer 11

increased HR and force of contraction

Question 12

Beta 2 response is…

Answer 12

Dilation of lungs

Question 13

Alpha response is…

Answer 13

In the vessels (BP)

Question 14

What drugs do we want to avoid contact with the eyes?

Answer 14

Anticholinergics like Atropine, Atrovent and Spiriva - pupil dilation

Question 15

Anticholinergic side effects

Answer 15

dry mouth, blurred vision, increased HR, bronchial dilation

Question 16

What is racemic epinephrine used for?

Answer 16

Croup, stridor, decreased bleeding, upper airway swelling (it is an alpha stimulator)

Question 17

Maintenance drug classes

Answer 17

LABA and ICS

Question 18

Rescue drug class

Answer 18

SABA

Question 19

Dornase Alfa trade name

Answer 19

Pulmozyme

Question 20

How do expectorants work?

Answer 20

Increases volume of hydration of secretions

Question 21

What do we give to help with excessive mucus?

Answer 21

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Must give with a bronchodilator

Question 22

What is surfactant given for and what are some brand/generic names?

Answer 22

Respiratory distress in premature babies and babies in respiratory distress (calfactant, Curosurf, Infasurf)

Question 23

How can corticosteroids be administered?

Answer 23

MDI, DPI or nebulizer

Question 24

What do we do when we need to take our patient off of oral steroids?

Answer 24

Wean them (taper them)
Also, we can use an aerosolized steroid to help with the weaning

Question 25

What drug do we need to rinse our mouth out after taking and why?

Answer 25

ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) To prevent thrush

Question 26

What are non steroidal long-lasting asthma meds?

Answer 26

LABAs and LAMAs

Question 27

What class of drug is Salmeterol?

Answer 27

LABA

Question 28

What is the most consistent level of nicotine replacement?

Answer 28

The patch

Question 29

What are some other nicotine replacement products to relieve withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 29

Gum, Lozenge, Nasal Spray, Inhaler, Pill

Question 30

What has a low count in your body with a viral infection?

Answer 30

WBCs

Question 31

What is the treatment for CF and how is it administered?

Answer 31

Tobramycin - aerosolized (SVN)

Question 32

What is the treatment of MRSA?

Answer 32

Vancomycin

Question 33

What is the medication for the treatment of C Diff?

Answer 33

Flagyl

Question 34

What are the the first and second line of defense for TB?

Answer 34

First line - Isoniazid and Rifampin Second line- Streptomycin

Question 35

What is the treatment for RSV and how is it delivered?

Answer 35

Ribavirin through a SPAG

Question 36

What is the treatment for the flu when they have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days?

Answer 36

Zanamivir (DPI) or Tamiflu (Oral)

Question 37

What is the treatment for thrush?

Answer 37

Nystatin

Question 38

What is pentamidine used for and how is it administered?

Answer 38

For HIV patients that develop PCP and it is given through a Respirgard nebulizer

Question 39

What med is used to treat severe anti-fungal diseases?

Answer 39

Amphotericin B

Question 40

What is the first line of defense against hypertension?

Answer 40

Thiazide diuretics and beta blockers

Question 41

What is the first line of defense against hypotension?

Answer 41

First- Fluid replacement Second- Vasopressors (Levophed)

Question 42

What do ACE inhibitors do? What is the most common side effect?

Answer 42

Vasodilates by inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotension I to II (which is a vasoconstrictor) SIDE EFFECT - dry cough

Question 43

What are glycosides used to treat? Why? What is a common glycoside?

Answer 43

Glycosides are used to treat CHF because they increase the contractibility of the heart. Digitalis

Question 44

Who do we NOT give beta blockers to?

Answer 44

COPD and asthma patients

Question 45

What is the combo treatment for CHF?

Answer 45

Cardiac glycosides and diuretics

Question 46

What is nitroglycerin and what is it used for? What forms does it come in?

Answer 46

It is a vasodilator and it is used to treat angina. It decreases preload and afterload. It comes in sublingual spray, IV or patch.

Question 47

What does the acronym MONA stand for?

Answer 47

Treatment for initial heart attack symptoms in this order Oxygen Aspirin Nitroglycerin Morphine

Question 48

What are the most common loop diuretics and what are they used for?

Answer 48

Furosemide (Lasix) and Bumex and they are used to treat pulmonary edema due to CHF

Question 49

What are the 3 common types of diuretics?

Answer 49

Loop, thiazides and potassium sparing

Question 50

What do beta blockers do and what do they end in?

Answer 50

They slow HR allowing for more ventricular filling (lower BP) and they end in LOL

Question 51

What is the post MI therapy?

Answer 51

Aspirin, beta blocker and ACE

Question 52

What is an anti platelet and an example?

Answer 52

Reduces the likelihood that clots will form Aspirin and Plavix

Question 53

What is an anticoagulant?

Answer 53

Blood thinner- prevents the formation of fibrin clots

Question 54

Name an indirect and direct anticoagulant

Answer 54

Indirect- warfarin and heparin Direct- Pradaxa and Eliquis

Question 55

What is a thrombolytic and what does it end in?

Answer 55

Dissolves clots and ends in ASE- med called tPa

Question 56

What is the most common treatment of SVT and what is the dose and side effects?

Answer 56

Adenosine- 6 mg and then 12 Cough and bronchospasm

Question 57

What is a depolarizing agent and what procedure is it used for?

Answer 57

Succinylcholine and it is a paralytic. It lasts 60-90 seconds and it used to intubate.

Question 58

What is the difference between non-depolarizing and depolarizing paralytics?

Answer 58

Non-depolarizing takes longer to work and has a longer duration. Depolarizing has a quicker onset and shorter duration. Depolorizing can't be reversed.

Question 59

What are the most common combo for conscious sedation?

Answer 59

Versed and Fentanyl

Question 60

What are benzodiazepines?

Answer 60

Anxiolytics- relieve anxiety

Question 61

What drugs are administered endotracheally?

Answer 61

Narcan, Atropine, Valium, Versed, Vasopressin, Epinephrine and Lidocaine

Question 62

What is an example of a sedative and what does it stimulate?

Answer 62

Precedex and it stimulates the ALPHA 2 receptors

Question 63

What are the H's and T's?

Answer 63

The causes of pulseless electrical activity and asystole

Question 64

What is the treatment for bradycardia and what is the dose?

Answer 64

Atropine and the dose is 1 mg every 3-5 minutes not to exceed 3 mg

Question 65

What is used for A fib and A flutter?

Answer 65

Betapace

Question 66

What is the treatment for pulseless VT, VF, PEA and asystole? What dose?

Answer 66

Epinephrine - 1 mg IV every 3-5 mins No cap on how much

Question 67

What is Amiodarone used for and the dose? And what is the alternative?

Answer 67

Unstable VT- 300 mg Stable VT- 150 Alternative is Lidocaine

Question 68

What are some common anesthetics?

Answer 68

Propofol, etomidate and ketamine