Final

Question 1

the way we measure something determines the …

Answer 1

type of data we get

Question 2

levels of measurement include

Answer 2

nominal, ordinal, interval/ ratio

Question 3

type of data include

Answer 3

qualitative, ranked, quantitative

Question 4

qualititative categories

Answer 4

nominal

Question 5

ranked

Answer 5

ordinal

Question 6

puts observations on a scale w zero

Answer 6

interval/ ratio

Question 7

words or codes that represent category

Answer 7

qualitative

Question 8

that indicate order/ standing

Answer 8

ranked

Question 9

indicate amount or count

Answer 9

quantitative

Question 10

what summarizes, organzie data

Answer 10

descriptive stats

Question 11

examples of descriptive stats

Answer 11

count, central tend, variability, correlatioin

Question 12

use small sample to est. something and depends on quality and uses hypothesis testing

Answer 12

inferential

Question 13

what tests are usually used for inferential

Answer 13

anova and t-test

Question 14

isolated number seperated by groups

Answer 14

discerte

Question 15

no restrictions and constant change

Answer 15

continuous variables

Question 16

continous variables rounded

Answer 16

approximate numbers

Question 17

manipuated by experimenter

Answer 17

independent var

Question 18

something believed to be influenced by independent

Answer 18

dependent

Question 19

variable that experimenter have failed to account for that compromise and inter of a study

Answer 19

confounding variable

Question 20

a comprehensive group

Answer 20

pop

Question 21

a subgroup that we are using to infer/ est things about a pop

Answer 21

sample

Question 22

want to know middle (mean, median, mode)

Answer 22

central

Question 23

variable and standard deviation

Answer 23

varability

Question 24

sum of all divided by n, very susceptive to skew

Answer 24

mean

Question 25

data into 2 halves, somewhat susceptive to skew

Answer 25

median

Question 26

most comon no susceptible to skew and is binned

Answer 26

mode

Question 27

simplest measure of var.

Answer 27

range

Question 28

look at difference between values and the mean

Answer 28

variance

Question 29

square root of variance

Answer 29

standard variance

Question 30

deviation from mean , squared them, add together is

Answer 30

sum of squares

Question 31

not affected by outliers

Answer 31

interquartile range

Question 32

symbol or observatioins

Answer 32

n

Question 33

one datum

Answer 33

X

Question 34

mean

Answer 34

x bar

Question 35

variance

Answer 35

s squared

Question 36

SD

Answer 36

s

Question 37

standard normal curve numbers percentages in order

Answer 37

0.1, 2.1, 13.6, 34.1, 34.1, 13.6, 2.1, 0.1

Question 38

standard normal curve has mean of

Answer 38

0

Question 39

standard normal curve has a SD of

Answer 39

1

Question 40

can distributions be skewed and if so how

Answer 40

yes neg or pos

Question 41

distributions can be peaky or taily

Answer 41

kurtosis

Question 42

very flat, with long tails

Answer 42

platykurtic

Question 43

point/peaky

Answer 43

leptokurtic

Question 44

just right

Answer 44

mesokurtic

Question 45

kolmogorov- smirnov and sapiro-wilk are tests of

Answer 45

normality

Question 46

q-q plot is good visual method for doouble checking data especially for

Answer 46

large n

Question 47

is K-S or S-W better

Answer 47

S-W

Question 48

describes a relationship between two variables

Answer 48

correlation

Question 49

Positive relationships are ones

Answer 49

where an increase in one variable predicts an increase in the other

Question 50

Negative relationships are ones

Answer 50

where the an increase in one variable predicts a decrease in the other

Question 51

most effective way of presenting relationship data

Answer 51

scaterplots

Question 52

relationships best described by lines

Answer 52

linear relationship

Question 53

best described w curves

Answer 53

curvilinear

Question 54

pearson correlation varies from

Answer 54

-1 to 1

Question 55

pearson correlation

Answer 55

Uses two variables Variables are both quantitative* Variable relationships are linear Minimal skew/no large outliers Must observe the whole range for each variable

Question 56

parametric analysis

Answer 56

peason

Question 57

nonparametic is

Answer 57

spearmeans rank, kendalls tau-b, eta

Question 58

Random samples are not casual or haphazard, getting truly random samples requires care

Answer 58

sampling

Question 59

is the property of a dataset having variability that is similar across it’s whole range

Answer 59

homoskedasticity

Question 60

opposite of homoscedastic

Answer 60

heteroskedastic

Question 61

is used when surveying, to obtain a “snapshot” of the population

Answer 61

random sampling

Question 62

is a process used in an experiment to minimize bias in your experimental groups

Answer 62

random assignment

Question 63

“Regardless of the shape of the population, the shape of the sampling distribution of the mean approximates a normal curve if the sample size is large enough”

Answer 63

the central limit theorem

Question 64

type 1 error is

Answer 64

false alarm/ false positive

Question 65

type 2 error

Answer 65

miss/ false negative

Question 66

assumptions for binomial test

Answer 66

* All cases are mutually independent * All samples have the same distribution * You know the probability of the population

Question 67

level of confidence is often what percentages

Answer 67

95 and 99

Question 68

what percetnage for level of confidence is weaker

Answer 68

99

Question 69

are t test parametic or nonparamentric

Answer 69

parametric

Question 70

When you want to compare a sample mean to some known or hypothesized value

Answer 70

one-sample t test

Question 71

If you want to compare two groups to one another

Answer 71

independent samples t-test

Question 72

If you want to see how a group changes over time

Answer 72

repeated measures t-test

Question 73

degrees of freedom for one sample t-test

Answer 73

n-1

Question 74

degrees of freedom for independent samples t-test

Answer 74

n-2

Question 75

degrees of freedome for paired samples t-test

Answer 75

n/2-1

Question 76

he exact significance is calculated from all potential distributions. It is very computationally intensive but works well with a small N

Answer 76

exact sig

Question 77

calculated using an estimated curve; inaccurate for small N but approaches the exact as N grows

Answer 77

aymptotic sig

Question 78

uses a random process to estimate the significance using areas under the curve. Less computationally intensive than exact at high N, but not perfectly consistent

Answer 78

monte-carlo sig

Question 79

the f-ration is the variability between groups divided by

Answer 79

variability within groups

Question 80

degrees of freedom for one factor ANOVA total df is

Answer 80

numbers of scores-1

Question 81

degrees of freedom for one factor ANOVA between groups df

Answer 81

number of scores -1

Question 82

degrees of freedom for one factor ANOVA within groups df

Answer 82

number of scores- number of groups

Question 83

rejection of the null in an anova only means that all the population means are not

Answer 83

equal

Question 84

when are post hocs done

Answer 84

after main analysis